مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 524 (هفته چهارم خرداد 1398)

Depression and anxiety are two common mood disorders in modern societies with global expansion, which reduce the quality of life. A number of recent studies have investigated the relationship between anxiety and depression in patients with asthma. Due to the lack of studies in this area, especially in Iran, we studied this issue in Iranian population. This was a cross-sectional study on 151 patients with asthma referred to lung subspecialty clinics in Isfahan and Shahrekord cities, Iran, in 2016. The participants were included using sequential sampling method. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire was used as an instrument for measuring anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed using t and Spearman correlation tests via SPSS software. 151 patients with asthma entered the study. By controlling demographic characteristics, and considering the underlying disease, the relationship of depression scores with the severity of asthma was not significant. Anxiety scores related to having the disease and gender. It can be concluded that the level of anxiety and depression was not related to the severity of asthma. Considering the high prevalence of asthma and the role of depression and anxiety in people's quality of life, more studies, using different tools to measure the level of anxiety and depression, shows to be needed.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of diode MicroPulse laser for improving visual acuity in patients with acute central serous retinopathy. In this clinical trial study, 26 patients with acute central serous retinopathy were selected and divided into two groups of 13; the first group was treated with diode MicroPulse laser; and in the second group, no intervention was performed. Patients in both groups were followed for three months, and visual acuity and recovery were compared between the two groups. The visual acuity (logMAR) before the start of treatment and at the 4th and 12th week of treatment did not show a significant difference between the two groups. In intragroup examination, visual acuity (logMAR) in both groups was significantly different (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the intergroup analysis (P = 0.82). Although the results of this study indicate that diode MicroPulse laser improves clinical and anatomical results in patients with acute central serous retinopathy, there is no statistically significant difference compared with spontaneous improvement of these patients.

The increasing rate of autism spectrum disorder highlights the need for early screening with the aim to provide early intervention. This study aimed to provide Persian version of Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) and assess its psychometric properties such as validity and reliability. This was a cross-sectional study with psychometric design on 313 children (97 with and 216 without autism) selected from training specialized centers for autism children and psychology clinics in Isfahan City, Iran during the years 2016-2017. The subjects were chosen according to inclusion criteria using convenience sampling method. The using scale was Persian version of CHAT. To determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha method was used; and to test the construct, concurrent, and discriminate validity, factor analysis and its correlation with Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test-Second Edition (PDDST-II), and Psychiatric diagnosis were used. The data were analyzed using correlation, factor analysis, discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and linear regression. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.88, and the correlation of items with total scores ranged from 0.35 to 0.71. Concurrent validity, by correlations with M-CHAT, PDDST-II, and psychiatric diagnosis, was 0.6, 0.79, and 0.57, respectively. Factor analysis revealed 2-factor structure (social-emotional and interactive behavior), and discriminant analysis in the cutoff point 2.5, delineated the sensitivity of 67% and the specificity of 91%. The Persian version of CHAT, as a preliminary screening tool for 18-24-month-old children with autism, is capable of proper psychometric values. However, newborns who are at risk should be reassessed again several months after the age of 24 month.

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria are rising. Bacteriophages are suggested as an alternative treatment option for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bacteriophages in treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections is not well investigated in vivo. The aim of this study was to review systematically the studies on bacteriophages against infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria in vivo. This systematic review was done using electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of science; the articles published from 1983 to 2018 were investigated. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, and the data were estimated using a review method. 1310 articles were indexed from which 380 were selected based on their abstracts. Then, some were excluded including clinical trials and in-vitro studies. Finally, experimental studies (n = 31), that met the inclusion criteria and were published in English, were selected. This review showed that bacteriophages are an effective treatment against n-vivo Gram-negative bacteria infections even be used orally, topically, or subcutaneously injected.

A 32-year-old man was diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis, and intradermal Sodium Stibogluconate was injected for him. After two days, the injection site became erythematous, and a progressive necrotizing lesion appeared; hence, the patient diagnosed with soft tissue infection. Antibiotic therapy and debridement initiated for him. Cutaneous adverse effect of Sodium Stibogluconate is not common, and among them, coetaneous necrosis is rare. Sodium Stibogluconate is a mixture of complex compound, and it is not a simple medicine. A probable mechanism of necrosis formation in this case is hypersensitivity reactions. Hence, it is suggested to avoid intradermal injection of this medicine, especially those brands which do not claim intradermal injection allowance.