نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 9 (تابستان 1393)

The present study is conducted with the aim of examining the facilities and finding the best, the most important and the most effective Measures of the passive defense in the strategic centers of Tehran against missile threats. The main question of the research is that what options are available for the passive defense of the strategic centers of Tehran Against missile threats? This study has three hypotheses as follows: 1.If strategic areas of Tehran are targeted with missiles, Current process of affairs in the city will encounter with disruption. 2.Top destructive missiles and Satellite navigation systems with high accuracy would be in the spotlight of the world. 3.Sticking to the Principles of passive defense like coverage, camouflage and retrofitting, are considered as the possibilities of passive defense against missile threats. The present work is based on applied research and is implemented through descriptive method. The statistical population comprises 100 persons and the sample population on the basis of Cochran formula comprises 61 people randomly selected. Method of data collection is library-field and interviews and questionnaires are used. All hypotheses are confirmed by the statistical inference method, and statistical data have been analyzed Through SPSS 16 and EXCEL software. In order to rank the variables and selection of effective and key indicators Friedman test was used under SPSS 16 software. The results show that Top destructive missiles and Satellite navigation systems with high accuracy would threaten Tehran's strategic areas such as Oil depots, military headquarters, refineries, power plants and substations, warehouses and grain silos, railway stations, Mehrabad International Airport, water and sewage treatment plants, industrial facilities and missile defense, the Ministries of Health and treatment centers, TV broadcasts, radio finial, data processing center banks, and the traffic control center and the Metro police control Centre of the city And sticking to the principles of passive defense such as coverage, camouflage and retrofit will reduce vulnerability.

The main responsibility of Iran Sea Force (Nedaja) is guarding its Southeastern coasts (Makran).To fulfill this aim, it has developed various infrastructures and also is seeking new ones too. Passive defense is considered as an economicaland cost- effective method in confronting threats. This article tries to explain Nedaja’s passive defense role in developing and maintaining important infrastructures in Makran coasts. This survey, in which viewpoints from different Nedaja professors, commanders, and experts can be found, shows that positioning, camouflage, and fortifications are three main factors that increase the possibility of coastal infrastructures up to 98%. This article has used descriptive and analytic method. Observation, documents, andstatistics (Excel and SPSS) are used to collect and analyse data.

This article was presented under the title of Physical Protection Measures of Hydrocarbon Systems from the Perspective of the Passive Defense (South Pars Refineries: A Case Study) with the aim of the continuation of the activities of the above mentioned refineries in order to provide energy, foreign currency income and country’s economic development. The scientific content of this article analyzes the effective features which influence physical protection of gas refineries in Asalouyeh area as an economic pole of the country from passive defensive perspective through statistical methods and data gathering via measurement tools such as questionnaires and technical interviews. Fifty of senior security and hydrocarbon systems experts were chosen as sample groups. Causes such as preventive increase, vulnerability decrease, crisis management facilitation, continuation of activity and stability have been challenged through this dissertation. The results show that physical protection of vital equipment of Asalouyeh area need the observation of passive defense principles and the allocation of necessary budgets and constant training are of important prerequisites.

Due to the fault of Tehran, the city is one of the cities seismic. therefore Crisis management is of particular importance.The aim of this study was to design a program of crisis management in the form of the design of a system for crisis management headquarters at the time of the occurrence of the risk of earthquakes in Tehran and studying it in the municipality of Tehran 8 zone 4 Region.The main objectives are risks and vulnerability reduction, preparedness, response and rehabilitation.The necessity of doing this study was the lack of operational emergency management program in the form of a command system design accident within the scope of the mentioned area operational planning is in the form of crisis.The population of this study is 30 members of the regional deputy, deputy mayor of the area, senior managers,municipalities zones, crisis management,heads of departments technical and traffic zones and a number of experts in the field of urban Affairs and environment, eng and traffic engineering. However,due to the limited population of the Respondents,whole number of practices in the field of library and research as well as the independent variable , dependent variable plan of emergency management and research , has been determined to reduce the impact Resumes .With the design of the program in the range can be specified at the time of the occurrence of the earthquake monitoring and supervision, how items such as communications, security, financial and Johnny and inform the survivors, as well as how to evacuate the injured and temporary accommodation for the determined and efficient by specifying forces given in executive posts of this program, the main cause of the crisis management is to reduce losses and damages caused by accidents and tragedies caused by natural disasters, is achieved. In this regard, using the experiences of crisis management headquarters of the municipality of zone 8 Region 4,ultimately results in the form of a chart was prepared by determining where the Mayor of the district, as the Region commander of the crisis management headquarters and its subset, the four parts include safety and Operations Division, administrative,logistics and financial planning, strategies and organizations that fix the issues after the outbreak of the crisis caused by the earthquake are involved,along with a description of the tasks Is specified for them. These charts can be a recipe for disaster management in emergency situations.

Considering the potential threats and risks to national security, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country aimed, Passive defense debate in recent years by high-ranking civilian and military officials, much attention has been And managers and analysts believe the more important issue, Can be the factor of safety against possible invasion by aliens increase. One component of the safety, security, water and sanitation in areas of Tehran. Accordingly, a researcher with the main objective: Assessing the vulnerability of wells and reservoirs in the area of water and sanitation in Tehran with the approach of passive defense posing the question: what are the Wells and tanks for water and wastewater vulnerabilities in Tehran with passive defense approach and are After the impact, or reject the hypothesis of the study is including: Use of passive defense measures in the field of water and wastewater wells in Tehran (Physical protection, camouflage, deception, strengthening, privacy and the chemical and biological contamination As well as cyber attacks and system management facility telemetry ...) And water tanks (Dispersion, barriers, traffic control, intelligent use of equipment, staff training and operational methods of monitoring, etc.) is Suitable And the study of these variables(Breakable wells and water tanks with passive defense approach in the areas of water and sanitation in Tehran) And how to reduce the vulnerabilities discussed and examined.

Passive defense, and its new ways are considered As an integral tool of crisis management. In recent years with the introduction of passive defense issues in various fields of applied science which is coincided with The emergence and rapid growth of science and the crisis management methods, Rescue as one of the pillars of crisis management, The greatest impact on the preservation of human capital in the event of natural disasters and man-made play And from this point of view has found an important role in crisis management issues. The present article, using descriptive-analytical method examined passive defense in relief and rescue And choosing "The role and application of passive defense in the relief and rescue the Red Crescent Society of IRAN" As its main objective, Seeks to answer the following research questions: " A. What is the role and function of passive defense in the relief and rescue of the Red Crescent.? " And hypothesis that "Passive defense is effective in the relief and rescue of Red Crescent Society" Evaluated And finally to the conclusion that Although man-made disasters and new threats are rising, do to the conclusion that... But the most effective and cost effective methods of passive defense is still available In order to reduce vulnerabilities and improve the quality of the field of crisis management and rescue organizations are considered.

The present study attempts to find out The Role of Technical and Vocational University in Resistance Economy from the viewpoints of administrators. The research method used was a combination of descriptive methods inclusive of descriptive and solidarity. The statistical population of the present study comprises 34 people choosen from among all of the managers in the Technical and Vocational colleges of Tehran Technical and Vocational university; samples are selected in full-counted manner. The data collection instrument was a researcher developed question naive And analyzed through SPSS employing various descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (in inferential statistics, parametric tests are used due to the data scales; simple t-test with two independent groups; one way ANOVA (F), and other follow-up tests related to inferential analysis). The validity of the research instrument was confirmed by specialists and the reliability was found for the questionnaire managers was 97% through alpha Chronbach. The research finding indicate that from the viewpoints of the managers, The Role of Technical and Vocational University in the of strengthening work culture and strengthening self-esteem, protect national production and maximum use of capacity spirit of the upper limit. To answer the main questions of the research, two hypothses are set and a questionnaire is designed to be completed by a sample size of 34 people; using the descriptive-inferential statistic, the researcher confirms his hypotheses with a confidence-rate of 95% and at the end provides his executive suggestions. Regarding the paramount mission of this University, it can pave the way for more research on the purposes and components of resistence economy, with the enhancement of knowledge and raising the consciousness of managers, culturalization in the field of resistence economy, promotion of the optimal consumption pattern, motivation, and encouraging managers