نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 16 (پاییز 1395)

Soft threat in the domain of the relations between the countries, is a country's software measures for the transformation in the areas of political, cultural, social, economic, defense of other countries. Threat agent relying on software, not hardware, and classical war, inculcate its wants and wishes to the target country and persuade the target country to do so.the soft threats suite with changes in cultural identity, behavior, value systems and life of political system, Compromise the national security target country. Because using soft threat can cause heavy blows to the life of political system. The main question in this study is; what is the Typology of the Soft Threats Posed to the National Security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The topic was considered from different angles Based on field research method and theory. And it was shown that cultural, social, political, economic, defensive and environmental soft threats target the National Security of Islamic Republic of Iran.These threats can be analyzed in various aspects of the above areas.That their agent / agents seek to create cultural, political, social, economic, military and environmental crises, to achieve their different purposes.And using a variety of tools and software measures at all angles, including cultural, social, political, legal, economic and defensive measures, try to undermine the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

There is no enough information regarding the practice and the amount of damage and the ways of dealing with the bombs used by US aggressive and bunker buster planes. This is an applied research, and its results can be used in the design of airplanes' shelters and trenches.The research method is experimental method using computer simulations. To deal with the enemies' bombs, designing of appropriate trenches is one of the priorities, which is of great importance in the future battle fields. Failing to study the ways of dealing with enemy bombs may lead to damages and bear lots of costs to the country. The purpose of the study, is to mitigate the damage caused by enemy bombing, through the analysis and simulation of various destructions caused by different types of bombs, and also the analysis of the vulnerability of different centers against air attacks. The research question is that; how is the performance and the explosive power of different types of bombs on the trenches with different shapes (cylindrical and semi-cylindrical) and types. And how much is the threats of these bombs against the vital, sensitive and important centers of the country.Studies and simulations showed that the wave caused by bombs with collision detonators in the air, are stronger than the waves caused by bombs with delayed detonators or so-called penetrating ones. But the effect of penetrating bombs, is higher than collision bombs. the results showed that To destroy the surface targets, it's better to use the collision bombs and to destroy subsurface targets it's preferable to use penetrating bombs. from weapons of influence should be used The study of the warhead of the ballistic missile showed that the warhead of these missile is the explosive type,And the explosive effect of these missiles can be calculated by adjusting their heights to the ground in the time of explosion and creating the Mach Steam flow. And the ideal height for Jericho missile, is 15 meters from the ground. The Observations and the simulations indicated that The explosive power of a Jericho missile,as one of the most important IRI Air Force's threats, at a distance of 50 meters, is about 2 times of added pressure.The result is that, the pressure was so high that could easily destroy a brick building.

This study was conducted to investigate the security issues from the Islamic perspective in passive defense in the city of Babol. The main question of the study is that; what are the effects of the security issues from the Islamic perspective in passive defense in the city of Babol.The research hypothesis is that the security considerations are effective, from the Islamic perspective in the passive defense of the city of Babol. The research is an applied and descriptive-analytic one.The study population consisted of all citizens living in Babol to the first six months of 1395, which are about 67069 families. Using Morgan table a number of 382 families were selected as the sample population of the study. Data collection was done using both library and field methods. The Cronbach alpha for this study was.921, which indicates that the study enjoyed from the appropriate level of reliability. The results of this study showed that the security considerations from the Islamic perspective as the independent variable along With six indicators and twelve components, has a positive correlation with the dependent variable which is passive defense.

Today, in the age of communication and information, the spread of the internet and the ease of access to it, makes the cyberspace as one of the most important channels of information exchange at the community level.The widespread use of the Internet had a variety of consequences on individual and group identities, as well as people's attitudes and beliefs, And provides many opportunities for learning, transferring of beliefs and changing the trends of communication from vertical to horizontal.This vast ocean of information, affects the human life in all dimensions, including the political dimension. This study seeks to answer the question that; "What is the role of cyberspace information in the political participation of citizens?" this Descriptive- analytic study,by collecting the data through the library method, tries to answer the research question.The findings suggest that the use of cyberspace has significant impacts on the two main components of political participation of the citizens, namely political culture and political socialization. And if the government system make a proper use of this capacity, it would exploit it in order to increase the active political participation of citizens. And if the government system neglect the opportunity, the opponents could make use of cyberspace information capacity, and consequently use it a tool to motivate citizens to have passive participation or even participate in the protests.

The creation and development of cyberspace paves the way for challenges to security, interests and national identity, due to the presence and activities of individuals, groups and governments, And governments,in order to use the cyberspace capacities and reduce the damage and threats associated with it, conduct various strategies such as reducing the speed and so on. The evidence shows, that these strategies failed for various reasons. One of this attempts,which is the main theme of this study, is the development of cyber literacy required for cyber protection,in the field of passive defense. The main question of this study is that: is it possible to make use of the development of cyber literacy as a step for cyber protection,in the field of passive defense? And the hypothesis is that; the development of cyber literacy in the community, specially for the police forces, can be important in the process of preserving cyberspace. Therefore, this paper, using descriptive- analytical techniques, and using the library and online information, proposes the development of cyber literacy strategy, as a step to protect the country's cyber in the areas of passive defense in order to reduce the damage and threats posed by cyberspace. The results of this study suggests that as the strategy is based on the basic infrastructure, By raising awareness among individuals, communities, employees of organizations and governmental institutions, police and armed forces can provide necessary conditions to minimize the impact of cyber damages in the form of passive defense in the country's cyber protection