فهرست مطالب

دانش امنیتی - پیاپی 8 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

مجله دانش امنیتی
پیاپی 8 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/06/13
  • تعداد عناوین: 5
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  • Seyyed Hasan Abdollahi* Pages 5-44
    The relationship between the United States and Iran has always been faced with many ups and downs, so that the United States has attached Iran, in various periods of time, with different means and methods, from the 1953 Iranian coup d’état to the military strike against Iran in Tabas, provoking Iraq to invade Iran and weapons aid to this country during the war, as well as supporting the internal opposition of the regime and the cruel sanctions in recent years. In this study, we want to comparatively study George W. Bush and Obama’s policies toward Iran. The incident of September 11, 2001, collapse of the twin towers of global trade in the United States caused a huge turning point in its foreign policy. In this context, Bush put forward a preemptive war plan for countering terrorism, as well as the Greater Middle East project became the leader of the US foreign policy. After this incident, he divided the countries of the world into two categories, sponsors of terrorism and anti-terrorism, and called Iran, along with Iraq and North Korea, the axis of evil. When Obama came to power in 2008 took the slogan of change, he defined the policy of multilateralism and internationalism as part of his doctrine. Although he pursued the policy of interaction and diplomacy of negotiation in the Iranian nuclear issue, he was pushing for pressure on Iran to change its behavior, like Bush. Obama and Bush’s first goal and priority is to control Iran’s power and strike the regional balance of power in favor of the security and national interests of the Zionist regime; but with different methods; one with force and threat (hard power), the other with negotiation and threat (smart power), one through changing the regime and the other through changing the behavior of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The question of research is that what is the distinctive feature of the US foreign policy toward Iran during Barack Obama’s presidency compared to Bush’s presidency? In the following, this hypothesis was proven that the US foreign policy regarding Iran during Obama’s presidency continues Bush’s policy, with the difference that he chose to stop the forcible way based on coercion and threat, and used a more lenient approach coupled with active diplomacy and multilateralism to pursue foreign policy goals.
    Keywords: Foreign Policy_Hard - Soft_Smart Power_coupled with Multilateralism_Preemptive War_Terrorism
  • Sajjad Amoozadeh Khalili*, Ahmad Rashidi Pages 45-64
    Iran is a country with numerous ethnic groups located in the four corners of the country and they play an important role in the security of the country and national solidarity. The prerequisite of the national unity in Iran is the unity among the ethnic groups and the central government. The Turkmen Iranians living in the north and northeastern parts of the country are racially, lingually and socially different with the other compatriots, but the difference has not prevented the interactions of this people with other Iranians, except in those cases where the internal or external factors contributed to increasing the contradictions and differences existing. Considering the importance of the effect of the Turkmen people on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the quiddity of this (positive or negative) effect has become an important and necessary question. This paper, written by the library-documentary approach and the descriptive-analytical approach based on the Copenhagen Security Theory, relies on the hypothesis that relying on the social and cultural distinctions of the Turkmen along with belonging to the elements of national culture have had a positive role in national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to the research findings, the Turkmen have always considered themselves part of the Iranian people, as evidenced by the cultural and social activities of elites, religious clerics and people of this race in order to preserve the unity and convergence of the people of the region with Iran’s nation. By this description, it should be said that the cultural and social distinctions of the Turkmen and their interest in maintaining their ethnic and indigenous traditions have always been part of the elements of the national culture.
    Keywords: security, national security, ethnic groups, socio-cultural characteristics, Turkmen
  • Ghorbanali Ghorbanzadeh Savar, Hashem Nateghi* Pages 65-88
    Intelligence agencies play an important role in the implementation of government objectives based on different strategies. One of the success factors of these agencies in the present era is the effective use of information resources for the implementation of organizational missions that the correct adoption of strategies in these agencies is the first step for the successful integration of human resources with information resources; perhaps if their measures are based on having command of information sources and the proper understanding of opportunities and threats, it will be of more importance than organizational resources in providing social security. Social security is one of the basic needs of the security of the system, individuals and entities of society, because in the absence of it, all elements of the country are damaged, because social security creates cohesion, dynamism and ability of society and strengthens the foundations of government against internal damage and external threats, especially in the changing circumstances of the region and the world. Today, in the era of information and communication technology, the effect of the performance of information organizations on the social security charter is doubly needed. This study, considering the importance of the effect of information organizations’ activities on social security, was to answer the question that the positive effect of the performance of intelligence agencies on social security in the context of which strategies are more: positive or negative. The research hypothesis was examined in the conceptual-theoretical framework of sociology of security with a focus on intelligence agencies’ function by library and analytical - descriptive methods. The findings of the study showed that by comparing the intelligence agencies’ function in securing the system, the effect of their activities in the positive strategy of effect-oriented on social security is more positive than the negative strategy of product-oriented.
    Keywords: Intelligence Agency, Effect-Oriented Strategy, Product-Oriented Strategy, Social Security
  • Mehdi Shahin *, Mozaffar Hoseynvand Pages 89-112

    The end of cold war and disability of governed theories on the international correlations established through forecasting evolutions, caused formation of criticizing trend about positivism assumptions. Based on this theory, there is a need for a modern view for analyzing and understanding regional and international revolutions. The research investigates the issue that what are evolutional paradigms after the modern changes in the international correlation theories after cold war and specially the September 11 attacks and what is the emphasis of the recent decade findings about efficient concepts for analyzing issues. Based on the main question of the research, the main question is that after cold war and specially September 11 attack, the modern theories have moved toward analyzing (criticizing positivism theories) realism, neorealism, toward regional analysis levels and the importance of entity in analyzing international changes. The research results demonstrate that unlike positivism theories, modern theories have social and international relations. Secondly, September 11 attacks is considered as a guideline for worldwide actors goals such as the U.S.A. third, in order to understand the modern evolutions we need theories and concepts that emphasize regional analysis. Fourth, the issue of entity in the new decade is mixed with the issue of entity and universal and regional conflicts show that it is possible to observe it in Islamic sample such as correlation between Iran and India.

    Keywords: theory, cold war, September 11, security, regional part, entity
  • Danial Kordabadi*, Hadi Sharifi Pages 113-141
    Informational organizations are established in order to create recognition for politicians and also prevent the subject of raiding. So analyzing the connection between informational analysts and politicians is considered as a principal issue, since every kind of discord and tension in the connection can decrease decision making quality and guiding decisions and finally insecure national security basis. Firstly, the research analyzes the conditions of an ideal informational organization and then it investigates idealistic relations of between informational organization and politics making system. The next step is analyzing existence of disadvantages in the relationship between informational organization and politician system that includes disadvantages such as natural conflict, politics games, extravagant consistency and negligence. Finally, the research suggests some solutions for destroying or fading above mentioned damages.
    Keywords: informational organization, politics making system, ideal interconnection, pathology