نشریه پژوهش در مسائل تعلیم و تربیت
شماره 58 (Winter 2017)

In Iran as a developing country, university administration or higher education administration is gaining popularity as a specialized Ph.D program. This program along with programs such as “planning the development of higher education”and “economy and financial management of higher education” was first initiated in one university, Shahid Beheshti University, in 2002. Thus, it is a very young course among Ph.D programs in Iran, and just during the short period after its establishment, the course has experienced some decrease in the number of the credits the students must pass before their comprehensive exam as a measure to improve the program effectiveness, but it seems still some problems persist. As a result, using Beredy’s comparative method and applying content analysis, the present work aims at comparing the curriculum for this program with those implemented in University of Michigan, University of Nevada, Las Vegas and University of Texas at Austin in the United States and providing clues on the ways to improve the program . 

Democracy, which is nowadays accepted as the best way to manage societies, has requirements and prerequisites that cannot be realized without them effectively and effectively. Active and informed political participation is one of the most important preconditions for democracy. In democratic countries, political parties and political organizations operate such as mediating between the people and Goverment, introducing electoral candidates and citizenship education. In Iran, political parties are formed immediately after the victory of the Constitutional Revolution and they are more than 110 years old. However, based on the results of numerous studies, the organizations considered as party political parties in Iran have not been more successful. This weakness is also seen in the implementation of the specific political education of citizens and facilitating the process of political socialization. In this study, the ineffectiveness of political parties in Iran is examined, focusing on the issue of citizenship education. The research was carried out using descriptiveanalytical method and data were collected by library studies and official documents and statistics. The results of the research show that political-historical factors, government and rentier economics, political culture and the kind of electoral system have caused the ineffectiveness of Iranian political parties and consequently their educational special work have faced difficulties to implementation.

This study investigated that how positive self tried to draw and to encode different and alternative perspectives for life and living based on life coaching. The study investigated empathetically and soundly thinking on the” qualia” and quality of transformation of positive self's effects on nihilistic approach. positive self tried to recodify and present different meanings and alternatives of “evaluation and “conflicts”. “evaluation “ conflict resolution” and “life style” are forms, contents and sketches of the relationship between man and existence. Positive living can often takes shape in liberating through re-codification and symbolization for modeling, enhancing of psychological capital of the individualities and identities. The social, societal/mediating/ commitments show the uniqueness individuality and at the same time the an undeniable and indispensable societies’ need to the all of the individualities. That is to draw another mediation discourse: “openness” for individualities and identities from one hand and social structures on the other hand. through transcendental ideation, enhancing of psychological capital could construct and codify a lovely immersed self and lovely structure. Self awareness is the most effective cognitive solving the life problems. Contribution:. People solve their problems firstly by imitating/observational learning. It is assumed that for positive coaches reviving and enhancing of “esteemed self “can convert the anomic,blindfold and uncertain situations into positive and optimistic nihilism.

The purpose of this study is to verify the performance of the Iranian formal education system in implementing developmental prevention programs. In order to achieve this goal, the descriptive-analytical method has been used. The data required were obtained through field visits and surveys by traveling across the country to different education departments. They consist of conducting interviews, providing statistics and reports, examining the instructions issued by the Ministry of Education and inspecting the available documents and pieces of evidence. Research findings indicate that the educational system was weak in identifying and protecting students at risk of delinquency. The inconsistent structure of the administration of the prevention programs, therefore, led to a limited range of developmental programs. They were done in a limited number of schools in the country due to the limited budget and the shortage of specialized staff. Thus, in order to overcome the problems, the authors of the present paper present the following suggestions: repairing the administrative structure, taking advantage of a larger range of developmental programs, compiling educational books on the protection of high school students, addressing functional disorders of schools in parallel to the government's efforts to overcome the country's underlying problems and paying more attention to the educational system by allocating funds to the developmental programs and plans .

purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Developing Pragmatic Competence through Tele collaboration on Improving Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Proficiency and Motivation. In this study 60 English language learners who were studying English as a second language were selected from SABA language institute in Tehran. divided in two control and experimental groups each including 30 participants. In this study quasi experimental design was implemented which was pre test/post test control group by random assignment of participants to two equal groups; one group merely received writing instruction while the other linked to target language speakers besides receiving writing instruction, and by administering three writing tasks immediately before instruction phase. T test and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), were used to compare two samples means. The findings concluded that the experimental groups demonstrated a better performance in terms of motivation and writing skills comparing the control groups.

To achieve wide-ranging and stable development is difficult, but it requires everyone’s active and effective participation especially of women’s, although the subject of participation, in the general concept, includes various individuals and groups in society and their ability to influence the decision-making process in public affairs. This research focuses on the participation of women and their motivation to participate that is worthy of examining. If women’s participation is considered and included, it will increase efficiency of development programs in the economic, social, political, and cultural areas. Developing and maintaining motives for participating and a sense of belonging to organizations are the most important concepts which have a crucial role in promoting the ability of organizations for bringing about change in society. This approach has been followed to maintain and develop individuals’ active motivation for participation and enhancing inter system and inter group self-worth to the extent that maintaining motivation for participation is a long-term strategic plan for presidents, managers and governors of organizations as change agents. Regarding the differences between the motivation of active and inactive members of the Tasnim Houses, the research found a significant difference between active and inactive members for religiosity, social trust, interest, tension and stress, need for successfulness, need for self-esteem, family style, the involvement of a family member in NGOs, education and marital status variables.