فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 37 (تابستان 1398)

In sustainable urban development, the quality of human life in urban space is considered as the main theme, and in moving to a sustainable city, there are involved many physical, economic and social factors. In this research, the effects of population density have been investigated on the level of quality of life in residents of the district 3 of Tehran by the method of cognitive knowledge based on field surveys. In this regard, 22 indicators of quality of life have been extracted from valid internal and external sources. Then the impact of population density on quality of life indicators has been studied. For this purpose, population density has been selected as an independent variable and 22 indicators as dependent variables, and they have been measured by focal correlation analysis. The analysis outputs show that the correlation between the two sets of variables is confirmed with a probability of 99%. Meanwhile, some of the indicators of quality of life have a significant relationship with the residents' satisfaction about the neighborhood population density. Based on detailed surveys, population density satisfaction has the most effect on the satisfaction of neighborhoods relationship, housing prices, bus services, urban open spaces and sports facilities. Therefore, modification of population density in Region 3 is necessary; Otherwise, the quality of life will decline in the region.

The sample studied in this research as the capital of South Khorasan provincial and the high concentration of services, unbalanced development, high volumes of inland traffic and the inappropriate nature of some of roads caused traffic, noise and environmental pollution is considered as a appropriate sample for sustainable transport. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to investigate and identify the factors affecting the establishment of a sustainable transportation system with an emphasis on green economy in Birjand. The present research is a descriptive-analytical research. Data collection method was library and field studies (interviews and questionnaires). The community of research has been experts in the field of transportation. Information from a sample of 175 people from the statistical community was collected through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Amos software. Variables affecting transportation are divided into five general components (infrastructure, smart city, environmental, economic and social factors), each containing several indicators. The results of the research show that the infrastructure component with 0.55, smart city with 0.43, environment with 0.40, economic with 0.35 and social with 0.30 have the most impact on sustainable transport with green economy approach, respectively. Unified management, promoting culture, providing training, replacing a old vehicle with a new and hybrid vehicle, installing traffic signs, and creating pedestrian centers in the city, especially the central tissue, are influential factors

The spatial structure of cities depends on interactions and various factors, and these relations is a particular complexity and entanglement on a large urban scale. the main goal of this research Understanding the spatial structure of the metropolitan area of Tabriz by spatial layout or configuration. The research method is quantitative and descriptive-analytic. The study area is the Tabriz Metropolitan Research Center and the main axis analysis unit and 1st and 2nd grade arteries. The data used in the present study were collected by library and field method. The method of analyzing the data obtained using the space layout analysis technique and analysis of the principles of interconnection, connection and selection. Another aspect of the analysis is the consideration of the functional dimensions of space in the form of the dispersion of commercial and service users as well as the theory of natural motion. The results show that the association of the routes leading to the city center and especially the central bazaar of the city is 0.85, more than other parts of the city, and this integration in the center of Imam Khomeini and the axes it has led to more of it. In terms of the principle of connecting and choosing, the two axes of Imam Khomeini (RA) and 22 Bahman are 21 and 1.2 times higher.

In this study, resilience of Bagher-Shahr city from Tehran cities and the capital's margins against natural disasters has been investigated. The present study is aimed at cognitive research and methodology with an evaluation-analytical approach. The data gathering was done using a documentary-survey approach using questionnaire tools and field surveys. The sample size of the study consisted of 30 specialist personnel in urban management structure and those who had enough knowledge about Bagher-shahr city were identified and selected using snowball technique. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical indexes, Shannon entropy model and vikor model with SPSS, GIS and Excel software. The findings of the research indicate that the four dimensions of resilience (physical, economic, social and institutional) have the most important physical and environmental dimension in the low resilience of the city of Baqera-shahr. Undesirable conditions in neighborhoods and inadequate access to relief facilities and services are among the features of this city that has affected its resilience. In the sub-indices survey at neighborhood level, it was found that the three neighborhoods of the south of the city, with respect to their physical, socio-economic and institutional characteristics, have a lower degree of resilience than northern neighborhoods. The overall results of the research indicate that Baqr -Shahr City has a low resilience to natural hazards and requires attention to its various dimensions, especially the city's physical-environmental dimension.

Today, tourism as an industry, as a dynamic global and social phenomenon that knowledge and scientific analysis it has the ability to do this provide a secure framework to plan the tourism industry in the present and future. The purpose of this study is an Identify Key drivers effective on tourism development in Shiraz and how to influence these propellers on each other. This research is, in terms of purpose, applied and in terms of nature and method is analytical and exploratory that based on the new methods of futuristic science and it down in two steps, determine key indicators through the Delphi method and Identify Key Drivers using the MicMac software which is done based on cross-impact analysis method. The sample is in the first stage there were 40 experts in the field of tourism in Shiraz and has been selected in the second phase, 15 people were targeted. The results show that in total influencing 8 key factors in the tourism situation in Shiraz. These are the variables the most influential and least influential on the future of tourism development in Shiraz and includes propulsion water resources, advertising, local management, monuments, food security, security, national macro policy in the field of tourism and citizen participation. Among these factors, management is detected as the most important factor affecting other key factors.

The current pattern of urban land management in Iran is influenced by factors such as centralization in the power structure, parallel work of institutions, intermediation, weaknesses in the legal framework, and the underlying causes of the physical-spatial instability, especially metropolises such as Tehran. The purpose of this study is to investigate the urban land management model based on the physical-space sustainability of the 12th area. The method of research is based on the purpose of the applied and in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytical. To collect data, documentary and field methods were used for analyzing the data. One-sample T-test, Spearman correlation and multiple regression were used. The statistical population of the urban land management and referral authorities is 336 and 130, respectively. Model validation was based on the triple spectrum (low: 1- medium: 2-high: 3) with the mean of (2) and 7 criteria. These criteria include appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency, legitimacy, continuity, flexibility, utility and power of the model, and generalizability. According to the experts, the average of the total value obtained from the model's validity is equal to (2.81), which is higher than the assumed mean (2) and is close to 3 (large). The amount of variance explained by the optimal pattern is variable by the predictive variable components (0.63) which is significant. Therefore, 63 percent of the optimal pattern is influenced by the components and has a high degree of appropriateness and has the power to explain and predict the research subject.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the urban furniture layout on the urban flora in Shiraz. This research can be considered as a type of applied-development research. A survey-analytical study method. In the inferential statistical method, regression test has been used to determine the role of urban furniture in urban well-being. The statistical population of the city of Shiraz was considered to be 1712745 people in 1395, and therefore, based on the Cochran sampling formula, 384 individuals were selected as sample size. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 35 questions, whose validity was confirmed by the relevant experts, and its reliability was confirmed to be 0.84 based on Cronbach's alpha. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and regression test. The results indicated that in general, how urban furniture layout affects the urban flavors at a significant level of 0.000. It also has a significant effect on urban vitality, among other urban furniture variables (recreational-leisure, service, environmental, health, traffic, equipment and facilities), at a significant level of 0.000. Accordingly, it can be said that the use of urban experts, both inside and outside, in the field of urban furniture design, both in terms of tools and in environmental contexts, can underlie its systematic structure and Lead to more urban prosperity.

Choosing housing is the most basic need of every household.Therefore,identification and evaluation of effective factors in choosing housing from the viewpoint of the homeowner's households will play an important role in helping urban managers to promote and improve the housing conditions of the people.Accordingly,the present study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the factors affecting the probability of choosing housing with emphasis on the demographic characteristics of homeowning households in Isfahan. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey based on the data collection method. Data gathering method, documentary method by studying and investigating previous research, and field method. Data collection was done by designing empirical questionnaire, randomly from 300 households. These data were categorized in the EXCEL software and analyzed using the discrete multinomial logit model (MNL) in STATA software based on Random Utility Theory (RUT). The results of this study, taking into account the Z statistic of the variables, indicated that 11 variables were confirmed related to the properties of the housing, as well as the confirmation of 20 variables demographic variables defined in The model is relevant. The most influential demographic variables include: having children aged 18 and above, the number of home purchases, the reason for settling in Isfahan and the level of social relationships between the individual and his family, respectively,with 41,37,36,33%, the coefficient of positive effect on the probability of choosing in the multiple logit function.The results showed that the socio-economic are important and,in urban housing studies,should be specifically considered

Parks and urban green spaces are one of the most important factors in shaping social sustainability and urban solidarity. However, factors such as urban life problems, park safety, and green space, and the lack of security and fitness for the various age and genders in these places are among the factors that reduce the willingness of citizens to use these areas. The sample size was estimated to be 150 people and increased to 170 people to eliminate the effect of unanswered questions. This issue is seen in the light of the appropriate context of the Azadi Park in its social, cultural, and environmental context. Unfortunately, the function of this park in the field of social and cultural is very weak. According to the data gathering from park users and Its analysis through SPSS software, the problems of the Azadi Park in social sustainability from the user's point of view, are classified into perceptual, physical and spatial characteristics. These features include social outcomes, social interaction, equality, and social diversity, and social security, and its spatial factors related to park management, park lighting, security in transit routes, drinking water stays, land equipment, audio equipment, and resorts. Based on which effective strategies for research purposes and promotion of the role of urban parks in urban social sustainability were presented.

Over the past few decades, inattention to the Zarjub River in Rasht, the degradation of the environment and the neglect of its economic potential has led to adverse consequences. Because this river has the potential for the tourism development as a sustainable economic resource, by choosing it as the case study, the goal of this research is considered assessing the economic criteria of sustainable tourism. Using descriptive-analytical method, in order to assess the current status of the river based on economic criteria of sustainable tourism, 400 citizens, 25 local experts and 20 urban authorities were consulted and the status of each criterion was calculated based on the average score. The criterion of "foreign investment attraction" with an average of 1.05 and the criterion of "land price" with an average of 2.80, respectively, have the lowest and highest scores among the economic criteria. In fact, all criteria in the current status are lower than average. In the next step, the strategies derived from SWOT were ranked by TOPSIS method. In order to weigh the criteria using the Shannon entropy method and also ranking the strategies based on the criteria, 25 local experts were consulted. Among the criteria, the criterion of "Citizen's willingness to participation in financial affairs" with the weight of 0.2772 is ranked first in terms of the impact on prioritizing strategies and among the strategies, the strategy of "planning for trust formation and increasing citizens' willingness to participate financially in the tourism sector" is in the top priority.

In recent decades, the growth of inconsistent in urban environments has had a direct and indirect impact on the quality of life, historical and valuable textures and human beings. Improvement approaches have evolved over time that newest approach is the urban renaissance. Current research is the assessment of life quality in the historical context of Imam Ali Square (Isfahan) based on three social, economic and physical criteria with regards to urban renaissance approach. The method was descriptive-analytical. Also, the statistical population is the area residents and the urban experts, 30 of them were selected selectively and the questionnaires were distributed among them. Then the SWOT method analyzed the present situation and then the social, economic and physical, as well as the urban renaissance options, were prioritized through the Analytical Network Model. The results of this research showed the most important criterion for improving the quality of life was the economic criteria. For social quality criterion, the satisfaction level of the neighborhood, for economic criterion the housing and land market, and in the basic criterion for monitoring new construction and in urban renewal alternatives, flexible development plans are one of the most important factors. The impact on quality of life was recognized in the study area. In the end, strategies such as balancing the functions of the tissue by injecting business, tourism, etc. for achieving this goal were presented.

Urban codes, in terms of zoning ordinance, are the executive mechanism of urban development projects. Over the last century, the evolution of zoning codes, from the formation of functional-based codes to the emergence of form-based codes and hybrid approach, have represented a growing interest in the qualitative dimensions of built environment. The investigations show that the changes from function to building forms is in parallel with the implementation of a model based on humanized and sustainable urbanization. In this research, four qualitative criteria of functional flexibility; form predictability; the facilitation and predictability of issuing building permit; and transparency and readability of the form-based codes were selected to review the evolution of codes due to the expected positive outcomes of form-based codes. Aiming at explaining the need for change in the quality dimensions of urban codes, and through inspecting documents, and by applying a comparative-analytical approach, Shiraz urban codes were examined via three master and detailed plans prepared in the years 1972, 1995 and 2014. The results represents over a period of 40 years, developments in design codes have been in line with developments in the zoning system in terms of functional flexibility. However, these codes have some shortcomings regarding the form predictability; the facilitation and predictability of building permit; transparency and readability. Nonetheless, due to the spatial structure of the functional zoning system in the 2014 detailed plan and its appropriate flexibility, there is a potential to prepare the form-based zoning in order to improve the above qualitative criteria.

"Lifestyle of the audience" is one of the issues which invariably influenced by both "effective" and "influenced” on architecture. In this regard, attention to the green space of housing, as an independent variable that changes the lifestyle of a person, and as a consequence, lifestyle as a factor affecting on the amount and mode of energy consumption (sustainable development), is necessary. The present study examines the effects of green space on residential complexes on the sustainability of residents' lifestyles. In this descriptive-survey study, library research was first gathered, and then the architecture of residential complexes and the amount of green space in each complex were measured in pure form and per capita. Energy consumption was introduced as a representative of sustainable lifestyle and electricity bills (consumption index) of all residential units were reviewed in two months of September and January 2017. A questionnaire was used to explain the effect of green space on energy consumption and its relevance to lifestyle. The data from the questionnaires indicates that having green space restricts the use of television and the internet and reduces the hours of the beginning and the end of sleep and consequently reduces electricity consumption. Also, the results of the estimation of the model in the Eviews 7 indicate a coefficient of 0.05 for the green space. This means that with a 1% increase in green space in residential complexes, the cost of consumed electricity will be reduced by 0.05% and will move towards a more sustainable lifestyle.