Avicenna Journal of Dental Research
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Dec 2018

Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues. This disease occurs due to accumulation of subgingival microbial biofilm resulting in pocket formation and bone loss. Because of bacterial invasion, therapeutic role of antibiotics is an important part of periodontitis treatment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of adjunctive azithromycin therapy in nonsurgical treatment of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. In this double blind placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were randomly divided into 2 groups. After full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), azithromycin 500 mg was given once a day from the first day of SRP in the SRP group and the control group were given placebo tablets. Gingival index (GI), plaque index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and 2 weeks, one month and 3 months later. T test and Mann-Whitney test were used to do data analysis. Azithromycin had no effect on plaque index. Statistically significant effects could be seen on gingival index at first week, Clinical attachment loss at 2 weeks and probing depth at 1 month. Azithromycin may have positive therapeutic effects and can be used as adjunctive therapy in nonsurgical treatment of moderate to severe periodontitis.

Enamel defects can negatively affect the appearance of the teeth, increase the tooth sensitivity, disrupt the occlusal function, and make the teeth susceptible to caries. The present study was carried out to investigate if the delivery type and birth weight have any effect on the prevalence of tooth caries and enamel defects among a population of children from Hamadan, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 182 children aged 6-12 years old born from 2006 to 2012. Studied variables were birth weight, birth height, head circumference, gestational age, gender, delivery type, birth order, duration of nocturnal feeding, and nutrition type up to two years old. Developmental defects of enamel index were used to determine the prevalence of enamel defects and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index to study dental caries. The results of tests were analyzed by SPSS software using t test, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The overall prevalence of enamel defects was obtained 15.38%. The prevalence was significantly associated with delivery type (P = 0.05), while no significant association was found between enamel defects and birth weight (P = 0.684). DMFT index was significantly related to birth weight and delivery type, while duration of nocturnal feeding was the only variable found to be significantly related to DMFT index. The cesarean section and low birth weight (LBW) may be associated with the developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and dental caries. Nocturnal feeding was another factor that may be associated with dental caries and DDE.

Given the limitations of the use of common endodontic irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine (CHX), researchers are seeking out new irrigants with less complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) with sodium hypochlorite, CHX and Halita as an endodontic irrigant using MTT assay. In the present experimental study conducted from April 2016 to June 2018 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, cytotoxicity of CPC (0.05%), CHX (0.2%), sodium hypochlorite (2.5%) and Halita solutions was examined on human gingival fibroblast cell lines according to the standard MTT assay protocol. The solutions were diluted at ratios of 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001. Thus, four concentrations of each solution were prepared and evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and paired t test, one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and post hoc tests. P value <0.05 was considered significance level. In the first 24 hours, the lowest cytotoxicity was observed for CHX (6.19 ± 3.10) and CPC (7.08 ± 3.04) at dilution of 0.001 and the highest cytotoxicity was observed for Halita solution (25.15 ± 7.02) and sodium hypochlorite (22.91 ± 7.77) at dilution of 0.01 (P < 0.05). In total, the cytotoxicity of CPC at both concentrations and at all intervals was similar to CHX (P > 0.05) and lower than two other solutions (P < 0.05). At 24-hour interval, cytotoxicity of the solutions at both dilutions was lowest (P < 0.05). At 48 and 72-hour intervals, the cytotoxicity of the solutions increased at both dilutions; however, there was no significant difference in mean cytotoxicity between 48- and 72-hour intervals (P > 0.05). All solutions, particularly at commercial doses, had some levels of cytotoxicity depending on time and dose. The cytotoxicity of CPC 0.05%, at all intervals and at the dilutions of 0.01 and 0.001, was similar to the cytotoxicity of CHX and lower than the cytotoxicity of sodium hypochlorite and Halita, and therefore CPC 0.05% can be replaced with CHX in the presence of favorable antibacterial effects.

The diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis is important because the pathology, microbiology and the treatment of the odontogenic sinusitis are different from other forms of the sinusitis. In this study, the relationship between dental pathologies and maxillary sinus diseases was examined comprehensively. In this study, 500 dental volumetric tomography (DVT) images were examined retrospectively. The vertical distances between the maxillary sinus floor and the teeth apexes were examined. The dental pathologies and maxillary sinus diseases were reported. Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used for data analysis. Focal mucosal thickening (FMT) was the most common sinus pathology (60.2%). A relationship was found between the mucosal thickening of apical lesions, remaining roots and healthy implants (P < 0.05). Mucus retention cysts (MRCs) were associated with apical lesions and periodontal defects (P < 0.05). Polyp was related to the deep caries, healthy implants, horizontal bone loss and fixed orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05). Periostitis was associated with apical lesions and periodontal defects. A relationship was detected between sinusitis with root fragments and apical lesions (P < 0.05). Odontogenic infections and odontogenic sources may play role in the formation of maxillary sinus pathologies. DVT is very useful in showing the relationship between maxillary sinus and maxillary teeth and the diagnosis of odontogenic sinus pathologies.

The effect of cigarette smoking duration on salivary pH and its relation to the rate of dental caries is unknown. Our aim was to comparatively investigate the salivary pH and DMFT index in cigarette smokers and non-smokers based on the quantitative rate of smoking. This case-control study was conducted using simple random sampling. Three ml samples of not stimulated whole saliva were collected from 92 smokers and 37 nonsmokers. DMFT indices were recorded. The rate of smoking was calculated by pack-year index. Salivary pH was measured by pH meter (744 Metrohm). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare the status of pH and DMFT between smokers and non-smokers. The correlation of pH level and DMFT index with the amount of smoking was also investigated in smokers. The mean salivary pH level in smokers and non-smokers was 6.57±0.06 and 7.04±0.06, respectively. The mean DMFT in smokers and nonsmokers was 7.60±0.5 and 4.80±0.5, respectively. Salivary pH decreased significantly with the increase of pack-year index (P=0.01). The relationship between DMFT and the amount of smoking was not significant. DMFT index was significantly higher in smokers with over 300 pack-years than in other smokers (P=0.01). Cigarette smoking was associated with lower salivary pH and higher DMFT index. The increased number of smoked cigarettes was associated with increased number of decayed teeth.

In this study we used combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole and clindamycin for
treatment of 3 patients with infected primary molars until eruption of the first molars.
Materials and A single session LSTR was done using combination of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and
andclindamycin at the ratio of 1:1:1.

After 12- to 13-month follow-ups, the combination can greatly help save hopeless
infected primary molars before eruption of permanent first molars due to effective space maintenance.

Oral hemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumor. It may occur on lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, and palate. Hemangioma is a congenital hamartoma and its clinical presentations and patients’ history aid in its diagnosis. Histopathologically, hemangioma shows flatted endothelial cells and small capillary size space. In this report, we will describe a rare presentation of oral hemangioma as an asymptomatic tongue ulcer in a 32-year-old woman. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management will also be described in detail.