فصلنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 85، بهار 1398)

The similarity of the lithography to the manuscripts in terms of appearance and manner of writing is far more than the similarity to printed books, for example illumination and decorations, margins, notes of ownership and endowment, stamps, the name of the scribe at the end of the book, are examples of similarity to manuscripts and lithographs. For this reason, the catalogers of lithography are trying to express the details of each bibliographic and codicology information in the same way as the manuscripts in the catalogs. Due to the lack of fixed principles and rules of standardized cataloging of lithography that are accepted by all catalogers, catalogs and worksheets of lithography books in libraries are not monotonous. In fact, manuscripts, as the written legacy of the past are highly contributive in identifying the culture, civilization, and the ancient sciences, always considered by scholars of all disciplines. These precious and rich resources can be viewed in different perspectives like history, art, library and information science, sociology, etc.Form a Library and Information Science perspective, this study attemptsto explore the types of manuscripts and lithography in large libraries of Iran in terms of cataloguing, and present a unified common model for them. In this research, descriptive - analytic method has been used and the data collection tool was a checklist. It attempts to explain the current status of cataloging of manuscripts and lithography in five major libraries: Astan Qods library, National library, Marashi Najafi library, Central library of Tehran University, and the Islamic Consultative Assembly library. Given that the needs of the researchers are more diverse and more complex every day, it need to be answered review in the cataloging of manuscripts and lithography in Iran for Design and compilation of National Standard WorkSheet.The most important reasons for the formation of the idea of ​​designing a unitary pattern for the same processing and organizing of lithography and manuscripts are: 1. Lots of similarity to the books of lithography with manuscripts (with 76.5% share of the elements of worksheet of cataloging the manuscripts and lithographs); 2. Old and worthy of these two types of materials and their maintenance in the same storage in most libraries in terms of their special preservation and conservation; and 3. The need for more libraries to focus on lithography books, similar to manuscripts, with the uniformity of their cataloging. So, the unifying manuscript and rare resource cataloging practices is possible. Because of the nature of the research of the manuscripts and lithographs of various aspects, it is necessary that the information items of each book be recorded in their catalogs in order to We do not waste any data at the time of retrieval, and the end user will be easily guided to the desired text. In this research, a common cataloging worksheet of manuscript and lithography including 82 items was proposed to create a common cataloging model for the libraries. In this proposed model, we have tried to provide the most information elements for the common cataloging of manuscripts and lithographs.

Findability is a critical factor of usability and visibility in information architecture. One of the preparations developed to support the findability of social networks is the use of social tagging. Social tagging is an effective way for users to organize, manage, share and search various types of resources. This research done with aim of investigate information tagging behavior and the degree to which the content themes were matched in the educational and successful pages in Instagram visibility, to reach a model for social tagging that can be found to increase the information findability on Instagram that leads to success in information visibility on this social network site. This was a qualitative and exploratory study, carried out through thematic analysis. Thematic analysis is a way to see the text, the good perception and understanding of apparently unrelated information, qualitative information analysis, systematic observation of person, group, position, organization or culture; the transformation of quantitative data into quantitative data. In this regard, more than 2,800 labels (hashtags), from the Instagram theme and educational pages, were selected as a targeted sample based on a competitive bench-marking approach, and analyzed. While classifying hashtags, they were matched to the theme of the contents. Theses hashtags were surveyed from shared posts in 30 selected pages that picked by purposed sampling.     The findings showed that most content with more than 42% of the posts surveyed was related to the photo and the lowest content was allocated to the film with more than 26%. 2844 hashtags dedicated to 300 Instagram posts were categorized into thematic, critical, exclusive, common, descriptive, emphasis, location and event categories. The subject, common, and exclusive tags and hashtags were assigned more to content and used less to emphatic and critical hashtags. Having a well-defined and policy in using of hashtags, the assignment of subject and related hashtags to content, the use of exclusive hashtags for customizing and branding were the behaviors that were showed in these pages in regard of using social tagging.  The findings also indicated that 76 percent of the investigated hashtags matched to the theme of the shared content and were related to the main topic and theme of these pages. This can also cause networking among pages in same theme. The co-occurrence of the theme codes and subject hashtags suggests that the subject code has a co-occurrence with a large number of theme codes, which is due to the fact that many pages have focused on subject hashtags among a variety of hashtags. Investigations showed that the selected pages in the posts surveyed used a specific pattern for hashtaging. Most hashtags were in Persian, and in many cases hashtags contributed to the understanding of visual content because they were sharing the main theme of the content. Successful pages in visibility have more applied subject hashtags in the same time they used less and more the other categories. The type of tags assigned to the content depended on the pages' context. Tagging behavior may reflect information sharing motivations and the hashtags assigned in educational pages can be used as a pattern for the pictures organization, according to their relevance to content theme.

Information literacy treatment is a new concept that is an important part of the disease process and patients should have good information in this area. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is a study of the needs and information resources for cancer patients in the components of information literacy treatment. The research is an applied type that was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 570 cancer patients who completed their treatment stages at Omid Hospital in Mashhad. They were referred to this center at the time of conducting the research. 230 patients were selected by stratified random sampling as sample size. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire that includes 37 items for 6 components of information treatment literacy (medications, treatment, nutrition, tests, treatment costs and sport) as well as 19 items on various sources of information literacy treatment. The method of scoring the questionnaire was based on a Likert scale (from 1 to 5). The validity of the questionnaire has confirmed by specialists and stability of the questionnaire also approved considering to Cornbrash's coefficient alpha. To calculate the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 30 questionnaires were distributed among the sample, the results showed that in all dimensions of the questionnaire, the coefficient was more than 9/0. The findings showed that among 6 components of information literacy treatment, 5 components such as medication, treatment, nutrition, testing and treatment costs are the most information needs of the patient and their least information needed was allocated with an average of 2.72 in the sport component. In relation to the information resources, the lowest mean refers to educational classes and the hospital librarian and only in 5 sources, the average was higher than the average level (3), these sources of information were in the order of average: "therapist", "other non-specialists in the disease", "hospital nurse", "nurse in the department of chemotherapy", and "other patients with the same illness". Patients' resources and how to understand the use of information resources should be given special attention because patients are exposed to a wide range of information sources. The role of hospital librarians in this regard can be very high, as they can provide information to the medical staff and also patients because they have enough cognitive information resources and they have the ability to identify quality and reliability of information.

The present study was conducted to determine the effective factors in sharing messages of non-profit organizations in social media. The present study tried to identify and extract the main factors affecting the sharing of the message in social media, and also determine their respective impact. This study was conducted using descriptive-survey method. For this purpose, after extracting some of the most important factors influencing the sharing of messages in social media based on exploratory study, the conceptual model of research was designed and after determining the validity and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire, 400 questionnaires were distributed using stratified sampling method. 366 questionnaires constituted the basis of data analysis. Structural equation method was used for data analysis. Four hypotheses were in this study. All four hypotheses were confirmed. Data analysis suggested that the involvement of emotions, social currency, practical value and altruism had a direct and significant effect on sharing any message. In a general summary of the variables studied, emotions, social currency, and practical value of message and altruism play an important and effective role as variables in sharing any message in social media. Thus if non-profit organizations opt for making  their voices heard in the multitude of messages  shared on social media at any moment and its being seen repeatedly they must strive to reach out to endless volunteers eliciting various emotional reaction-who have already been outside of the scope of their institutions. You must also connect with your audience by highlighting the social currency of the message. Non-profit organizations should be aware of the community's concerns and show enthusiasm about solving its problems so as to motivate people to share their messages with friends to start an online conversation. They should know that individuals tend to seem smart and informed in the eyes of others. Consequently, enriching the content of the message, they can persuade their audience to share it and expressing the concerns the society is already suffering from, they can trigger the altruism in people and make them react accordingly.

The purpose of this research is identification and ranking of methods, techniques and tools for book marketing from the viewpoint of publishers. The research has used quantitative methodology, library and survey method, and a questionnaire tool. In order to access the techniques and tools, we first studied all the related works in the field of marketing books and cultural goods. Then, by studying them, the methods, techniques and tools were scattered and the researchers set them up in a table format to identify the elements that influenced the marketing of the book. In the next step, all factors were made in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire and its validity and reliability were measured. The statistical population of the study consisted of active publishers of children and adolescents in 2016, publishing more than 24 book titles. In total, according to the Cochran formula, 72 publishers participated in the research. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between marketing methods based on Friedman test and guerrilla marketing, direct and relationship marketing are the most important marketing methods used among publishers and content marketing is at the lowest level. There is also a significance difference between marketing techniques among publishers. Results show that the most important techiniques in each methods included: Among direct marketing, catalog and direct post, among cooperative marketing techniques, are most concerned with allocating credit to buyers based on their net purchases last year, among the guerrilla marketing techniques associated with With a customer and an effort to create a sense of friendship, among the content marketing techniques of producing appropriate content, among the viral marketing techniques, the use of various media, among the Internet marketing techniques, search engine optimization, among the sensory marketing techniques of the variables of point of purchase (packaging and appearance of goods), among the techniques of the relationship market communication to build and maintain relationships with our customers. In addition, telephone and print advertising are the most important tool used by publishers in this field.
  Given the limited use of winding devices in public places, it is recommended that publishers use these devices. In particular, part of their book will be inserted on their site to encourage readers to increase their advertising through various media. Also, using the poll form will increase the awareness of publishers about the wishes and needs of users. Also, the use of content marketing is suggested by presenting book materials in various formats. Moreover, publishers need more effort to achieve the desired status.

Today, social networks play a significant role in providing services in the libraries because of their capabilities, due to the benefits of using social networks in libraries, examining the factors that increase the use of social networks among librarians can help to provide better services in the library. In various studies, many variables have been identified as factors affecting the adoption and application of social networks, one of these factors is the technical variable. Therefore the present study attempts to investigate the effect of technical components on the application of social networks in the Iran’s academic libraries in both current and ideal condition This research was an applied one in term of target, and methodologically was an analytical survey research. The research sampleconsisted of146librarians who are working at central libraries of 40 state universities in the capital of province subordinated to ministry of science, research and technology. Data collection instrument was a researcher- made .10 items were included in questionnaire such as accessibility, ease of use, fresh and up to date, multimedia capability, structure and presentation of content tailored to the needs of the audience, accuracy, ability to understand the content, appropriate graphical and visual structure, subject coverage (comprehensiveness), communication and interaction (interactivity) which were designed by likerts' five-choice scale. Out of 180 questionnaires, 146 questionnaires were completed and returned, and returned questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS 22 software package in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. To analyze the data, descriptive (frequency, percentile of frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-tests) were used. To assess the validity of the research questionnaire, the content validity method was used and after designing the questionnaire, some corrective actions were taken with the help of specialists. Also Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire.In this method, questionnaires were distributed among 15 librarians to determine the coherence of the questions and to ensure the possibility of repeatability of the test under the same conditions. The reliability coefficient of the test was calculated separately from each component of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0,94, which indicates that the questionnaire is suitable for internal consistency. Based on the findings of the research, about the current status of the impact of technical components influencing the use of social networking in the academic libraries, the two items of the ease of use with average 3,47 and accessibility with average 3،38 had the greatest effect. In fact, the ease of use of technological tools will make this tool much better.On the other hand, the two items of communication and interaction (interactivity) with average 3,18 and structure and presentation of content tailored to the needs of the audience with average 3,19 had the least impact on the use of social networks.Also about the ideal status of the impact of technical components, the two items of ease of use and fresh and up to date with average 4،56 had the highest effect on using the social networking in the academic libraries. And two items of the ability to understand the contents with average 4,34 and accuracy with average 4,37 had the least effect on the use of social networks. Therefore, as much as the use of technological tools is facilitated and the up-to-date information is exploited, the positive impact on the use of social networks in libraries is strengthened. Findings showed that the average total impact of technical components on using social networks in the current condition is 3,28 at moderate level and in the ideal condition it is 4,44 which indicates high level of effectiveness. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the effect of technical factors on the application of social networks in academic libraries in the current and ideal status. This situation shows that there is a very good capacity to use social networks in libraries, and in the current situation this capacity is not exploited. Upgrading the status quo can ultimately improve the effectiveness of academic libraries. and managers and librarians can play essential role to reduce the gap between exciting and desired situatin by doing several activities such as: Providing required hardware and software, as well as high-speed Internet and amplifiers in the library, upgrading the technical infrastructure of the library, including the Internet, hardware, software, and library generators to provide better services and determining the budget for building the appropriate technical infrastructure for the library. applying the most important, user-friendly, and best social media to improve services in library, determining the budgeting for building the appropriate technical infrastructure for the library, organizing appropriate training courses for better understanding of librarians with social networking tools, receive feedback from users in order to increase the effectiveness of these networks in the library, participate librarians in conferences related to social networking and Analyzing various social networks with their facilities for library activities