پژوهش نامه اسلامی زنان و خانواده
سال هفتم شماره 15 (تابستان 1398)

The present study was conducted to explain women's and men's natural position with the help of content and conceptual analysis; thus, it reviewed research books and papers which had examined the creation of women and men in the Holy Quran, the Torah and the Bible and had published especially during the years after the Islamic revolution. After reviewing them, it was determined that there was no research that had examined the subject of this study. The findings of the present study show that women and men share the same components as the material of creation, the purpose of creation, the stages of creation, best creation, and so on. Nevertheless, in those verses, there are some notes that express the special trait of women and men and confirm their originality and essential independence. In addition, reviewing the creation of human in the Holy Quran (and Testaments) confirms women's and men's originality and essential independence despite their sharing in the principle of creation.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted with the aim of investigating the Shiite jurisprudential changes in women's rights and freedom and the effect of time and place on these changes; thus, jurisprudential sources, including original inferential ones during last forty years, were examined. After reviewing them, it was determined that there was no research that had examined the subject of this research. The findings of this research demonstrate that the open door of Ijtihad, the use of secondary and governmental orders, and the use of reason and custom in Shiite jurisprudence have caused to happen positive and considerable changes in women's rights and freedom. By examining Shiite jurists' Fatwas, according to women's current life, positive changes in some issues such as inheritance, blood money, women's right to leave home, freedom and independence in marriage, the right to divorce, all kinds of political participations, and novel issues about Hijab are visible and women have had more rights and freedom by them. This research concluded that from this point of view, women have had different legal orders compared to the early jurisprudence.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the structural concepts of personality from the view of Quran and psychology with an emphasis on the difference between the structural system of women's and men's personality. The interpretive method was applied for referring to the verses of Quran; thus, research sources, including personality books and studies which had been conducted during 2000-2018, were examined. After reviewing them, it was determined that there was no research that had examined the subject of this study. The findings of the present study show that psychologists have used different structural concepts for explaining mental structure that it indicates a kind of non-convergence in their theories. Thinking on religious teachings shows that each person has an early mental structure which is called Fitrat in Quranic literature. Then, each person obtains a secondary mental structure which is called Shakeleh after interaction between his/her Fitrat and environmental factors. The findings demonstrate that women and men have common natural traits in terms of the early mental structure, but they are different concerning the secondary mental structure and they have two different structural systems in which there are perceptual, emotional, and functional differences in terms of both biological and psychological dimensions.

This research was done with the aim of the effectiveness of functional family counseling with an Islamic approach on the conflicts between teenagers and parents and the attitude toward parents and with a quasi-experimental method and pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up phase. Twenty families (including fathers, mothers, and their teenage boys) were selected in the city of Isfahan by the convenience sampling and they were randomly placed in two test and control groups. The data were gathered by the questionnaire of teenagers' attitude toward parents and the scale of conflicts between teenagers and parents. Then, the data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures. The findings show that functional family counseling with an Islamic approach decreases the conflicts between teenagers and parents and improves teenagers' attitude toward parents (P<0.05). In addition, comparing the results of the posttest and the one-month follow-up phase indicates a sustainable change and continues improvement in the test group. This research concludes that functional family counseling with an Islamic approach has a positive effect on the conflicts between teenagers and parents and teenagers' attitude toward parents.

One of the most essentials of Islamic teachings is that women's body should be covered. Due to the importance of women's participation in sport competitions and the necessity for caring about time and place requirements of issues in issuing jurisprudential orders, the present research attempted to explore Imamieh jurists' fundamentals and ideas on women's coverage with an emphasis on their sport competitions with a descriptiveanalytical method; thus, by referring to Imamieh jurists' ideas, including jurisprudential works of some early scholars living in the age of absence, this subject was examined. After reviewing them, it was determined that there was no work that had examined the subject of this research. The results of this research show that women should have adequate coverage in the face of men. Regarding sport competitions, according to jurists who believe that women's face and hands to their wrist should not be covered, there is no exception more than that. In addition, based on the majority of Imamieh jurists, women should only cover their genital parts in the face of other women (Muslims or non-Muslims) in sport competitions.

This study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the effect of positive-thinking education based on religious teachings and family education through a cognitive-behavioral method on couples' marital compatibility and with a quasi-experimental method and pretestposttest design with a control group and a follow-up phase. The sample, which was selected by the convenience sampling, included sixty couples (120 people) whose children was studying in the academic year 2017-2018 and it randomly placed in two test groups and one control group. Each of the interventions of positive-thinking education based on religious teachings and of family education through a cognitive-behavioral method was performed in each of test groups. The data were gathered from three groups by the questionnaire of marital compatibility, before and after the interventions and one month after the last education. Then, the data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures. The results demonstrate that both educational methods have good effect on marital compatibility and there is no difference between them in terms of effectiveness. The results of the one-month follow-up also show that the effectiveness of both educational methods on couples' marital compatibility is sustainable. Therefore, both of these methods can be used to improve couples' marital compatibility.