نشریه تاکسونومی و بیوسیستماتیک
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 35، تابستان 1397)

In the present study, molecular phylogeny of the genus Geum L. in Iran, including 5 species (G. kokanicum, G. iranicum G. heterocarpum, G. rivale and G. urbanum) from two subgenera (Orthostylus Fisch & Mey and Geum) were studied using nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rpl32-trnL(UAG)and combined sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum parsimony approach as implemented in PAUP*, Bayesian method using MrBayes programm and Maximum Likeliood analysis using RaxmlGUI software. The parsimony analysis led to the formation of nrDNA ITS majority-rule consensus tree with a main clade (A), comprising Geum species and its related genera especially Coluria R. Br., Acomastylis Greene, Erythrocoma Greene and Novosieversia F. Bolle., arranged in two monophyletic groups. In all obtained trees, the two representatives of subgenus Geum completely were resolved and formed monophyletic group. While 3 species of the subgenus Orthostylus formed both tritomy (in nrDNA ITS sequence data analysis) and monophyletic group (in cpDNA rpl32-trnL (UAG) and combined sequence dataanalysis). The results of the present study showed that phylogenetic relationship of the genus is strongly under the influence of hybridization and polyploidy (allopolyploidy). The current result support circumscriptions of the genus presented in flora Iranica and flora of Iran. In this study, the evolutionary trends of fruits morphology, exin sculpturing, seed micromorphology and petiole anatomy were evaluated. Key words:

The Carex L. includes 62 species of 4 subgenus belonging to 30 sections in Iran. This genus has numerous complex taxonomic groups that make it necessary to evaluate the diagnostic and differential traits. The reproductive characters especially inflorescent showing the high value to taxonomic delimitation in Cyperaceae as well Carex. This study examined 48 taxa of Carex on the basis of herbarium accessions of Iran and Shahid Beheshti University herbariums that was performed using cluster analysis as well PCA methods by PAST ver. 2.17 software. Cluster analysis did not support the classifications of Flora of Iran and Flora Iranica. However, as subsidiary evidence accompanied with other systematic traits can be effective in delimitation of taxa. Besides, due to closure of the apertures that known as harmomegathy, pollen grains has been deformed. Moreover, the pollens are classified in the small to medium class. Also, some characters such as sculpturing the sexine as well the number of apertures show some evolutionary tendencies in the genus.

Genomic aspects of animal’s hybrid zone are studding in the recent decade. Introgression of gene in the evolution process is a very challenging issue among scientists. Gene flow reduction is probably a consequence of the speciation genes involvement. In this study, the influence of different geographical factors on gene introgression in hybrid index (genomic cline) was analyzed. We investigated 127 D-Loop sequences containing 140 independent loci for analysis: 82 sequences from M. m. castaneus and 45 sequences from M. m. domesticus. Results of the Introgress and Barrier programs showed gene invasion of M. m. domesticus subspecies in genomic background of M. m. castaneus subspecies. So, M. m. domesticus subspecies acts as an invasive subspecies and M. m. castaneus as a genome receptor. Also, our results showed that environmental elements such as mounts, lakes and salt marsh play the role of the barrier between the two subspecies in the studied regions. The results of the genomic cline represent the asymmetric genomic influence

Artemia, small crustacean, not only is very useful in aquaculture industry but also is a model organism for biologists. The parthenogenetic population of Artemia has not been classified so far mainly because of high dispersal, different ploidy levels and diverse physiological and morphometric characteristics. Due to the importance of the morphometric traits in taxonomy of Artemia, in this study morphometric characters of 11 Artemia populations, comprising 7 parthenogenetic Artemia populations from Turkey and 4 populations from Iran were studied. Most of Turkey populations were studied for the first time in the world. In this regard, eleven morphometric parameters of laboratory cultured Artemia were compared. The results showed that the characteristics such as the compound eyes, abdominal length, head width, Telson length and the number of left and right thorns could play an important role in the separation of populations. This study revealed that some morphometric characters of Artemia Can be of high significance for morphometric studies of Artemia. Based on DA (Discriminant Analysis), using some morphometric traits of Artemia, the studied parthenogenetic Artemia can be classified into three groups.

The current investigation concerns the flora of Bahadoran Kalmand protected region, 10 km southeastern of Mehriz, Yazd province. To this end, in the spring, summer and autumn of 2015, sampling was done from the area. A total of 168 plant species belonging to 30 families and 103 genera were identified. From the total identified species are 3 gymnosperms, 140 dicotyledones and 25 monocotyledones. The largest families in terms of species richness were Asteraceae (24 species), Fabaceae (23 species), Poaceae (21 species), Amaranthaceae (12 species) and Lamiaceae (10 species), respectively. Hemicryptophytes (31.6%), therophytes (30.9%) and champhytes (23.8%) constitute the dominant life forms of the study area. From a chorological point of view, Irano-Turanian elements were dominant chorotypes (78%) and the other species were belonged to two, three or more phytogeographical regions. The area comprises 31 (18.5%) Iranian endemic species which according to IUCN conservation categories were classified as Endangered (EN) and lower risk (LR) in Iranian red data list.

Wildlife management and conservation requires a comprehensive picture of genetic variation and variability in geographic structures. The purpose of the present study was to assess the genetic relationship and diversity of Iranian wild boar populations by analyzing a 572 bp fragment of mtDNA control region. To this end, a dataset was created using our sequences (29 wild boar) together with additional 75 sequences (from the south of Iran) downloaded from GenBank. Our analyses identified four distinct maternal clades within Iranian wild boars including Near East 1 (NE1), Near East 2 (NE2), Asiatic, and European. The European and NE1 clades have the smallest and largest geographical ranges in Iran, respectively. Furthermore, all of the clades are sympatrically distributed in the northwest of the country that this area could be considered as the contact zone of the four clades. According to the results, a total of 20 haplotypes were identified among the 104 sequences belonging to wild boars from Iran. The haplotype and nucleotide diversities were estimated as about 0.882 (±0.014) and 0.0145 (±0.00047), respectively. The AMOVA results of the Iranian clades demonstrated that the proportion of variation among clades (82.84%) was higher than the variation within them (17.16%). Also, the fixation index (FST) confirmed a significant genetic structure among the boar clades. Our findings revealed no evidence for a recent demographic expansion in the Iranian wild boars.