Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Apr 2019

This study aimed to provide a model in order to educate professional citizens through knowledge-oriented era of Iran's education system. The statistical population of the research consisted of all female and male principals and deputies of governmental elementary schools within cities of Tehran province (N = 11382). The sample size estimated to be 362 people based on the Cochran formula. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on a 5-point scale. Data analysis was performed by Cronbach's alpha test, Average Extracted Variance (AVE), Square root of AVE, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Friedman ranking test. Reviewing the research literature for understanding the complexity and extent of theoretical and practical domain of the research in training professional citizenship, and also reviewing the models, theories, and the study components, a global model of educating professional citizens was developed including the components of philosophy, goals, Perceptual framework, procedure of implementation, and system of evaluation and engineering. A survey was conducted through 30 experts of this field in order to determine the degree of quality of the proposed model for presenting the final model through an evaluation questionnaire including the philosophy and objectives of the model, the theoretical foundations, dimensions, components, indices, and mechanisms for educating a professional citizen in the knowledge-oriented era of Iran’s education system. In addition, this questionnaire was confirmed with a scale of 4.64 out of 5. Using this model, the country's education and training system can provide knowledgeable, committed, skilled, and professional citizens for society, knowledge economy and knowledge management in response to the third millennium generation.

This research aimed the effectiveness the dimensions of university education on women's social resilience to develop small and medium enterprises. The research was applied in terms of purpose and an exploratory blend in terms of the method type. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section of the research included all faculty members, and in the quantitative phase, all female graduates of the Governmental and Azad universities in Babolsar, Ramsar, Babol, Behshahr, Joybar, Chalous, Sari, Savadkouh, Noor, Noshahr, Neka, Amol, Tonekabon, Ghaemshahr, and Mahmoudabad. Through the qualitative section, the purposeful sampling method was utilized and the sample size was determined based on the saturation law of 15 individuals. In the quantitative section regarding the unlimited size of the society, 384 individuals were selected as sample using the cluster random sampling method. The measurement tool consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires based on the data obtained from theoretical foundations and interviews with the due experts in which included a 28 questions on university education with the aim of identifying small and medium enterprises and 35 questions on social resilience. In order to analyze the data, in addition to the encoding, the descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and the inferential statistics indices (confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis) were used in the framework of structural equations using the SPSS21 and Amos software. The results of structural equations showed that entrepreneurship education, university in-service training programs, virtual education, formal education, side skills training, and basic work and theoretical education affect the social resilience of graduated women. In addition, according to the standardized regression coefficients (β), in-service training programs with an impact level of 0.510 had the most impact and formal education with the effect of 0.264 had the least effect on the social resilience of female graduates of Universities of Mazandaran. Based on the findings of the research, the decision makers and the appropriate policies of the university administrators help to make more and better university education to promote social resilience of their students.

Social responsibility is defined as the voluntary efforts to eliminate or minimize the negative effects of business activities on stakeholders that are done by the organizations. The aim of this article is to present a model of Islamic social responsibility with an emphasis on good governance, with an interpretative structural modeling approach in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

In this study, fuzzy screening technique and interpretive structural modeling (ISM), were used to identify the criteria and the relationship between the criteria. After studying the relevant literature review and interviewing with the managers of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

After analyzing the data, the variables were classified into eight different levels and were plotted according to the relations of the ISM graph. After analyzing, the variables were categorized into three groups: independent or key variables, communication variables and the dependent variables and no variables were included in the group of autonomous variables. Social responsibility in Islamic style was studied in five economic, social-political, ethical, legal, and altruism dimensions, and aspects of good governance from the scientific point of view under the five dimensions of participation, accountability, justice and equality, rule of law, and efficiency and effectiveness of the government.

According to the results, the components of financial responsibility and economic security, attention to the benefit of society, citizens' participation, social accountability, law enforcement, equal rights, rule of law, respect for norms and values, and beliefs have high dependence and conductivity power. In the other words, the impact of these criteria is very high, and any small change on these variables causes the fundamental changes in the system.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Comparison of Personality characteristics and Clinical syndrome owners Pets keeper and People without Pets. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all pets and non-domestic animals resident in the 20th district of Tehran in 2018. The sample consisted of 160 individuals with pets (80) and non-pets (80) who were selected based on available sampling. Measurement tool was McCrae and Costa's Personality characteristics questionnaire (1992) and clinical checklist Drogates and colleagues (1973). Data analysis was carried out through questionnaire implementation through spss22 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Multivariable Analyze of Variance). The results showed that the difference between the two groups was significant in all personality traits, except for neuroticism. According to the comparison of the averages, it is evident that pet owners and owners have extraversion, less openness to experience, duty, and acceptability than non-pet animals. Also, the results of multivariate analysis of clinical syndrome showed that the difference between the two groups in all clinical syndromes was significant except for obsessive-compulsive disorder.  Regarding the comparison of the averages, it was found that pets owning and having pets have higher levels of physical complaints, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, aggression, paranoid thoughts, and psychosis.

The purpose of this study was to design a stress management training program and determine its effectiveness on the quality of work life, career engagement and professional ethics for high school teachers.

The research was done in a mixed method in two stages. The first stage was qualitative that training package was created and the second stage was quantitative, implemented in the form of factor analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section included scholars and academic experts (psychologists and educational management) as well as those who had specialized research studies in this field. Purposeful sampling method was used to determine the samples. The sample size in this section was 12 ones based on the saturation principal. The statistical population of the quantitative section included all first-grade female high school teachers in Shahriar City in 2018. 474 ones were randomly selected and filled out the questionnaires. After designing the program, it was validated based on theoretical foundations and semi-structured interviews with teachers and experts in the field of psychology. According to the literature review, seven factors were identified using the exploratory factor analysis.

Based on the study on this field, the first factor was the recognition of tensions, the second one was expression, the third one was the anger management skill, the fourth one was replacing rational thoughts, the fifth one was the rational behavior skill, the sixth one was the time management, and the seventh one was called self-relaxation.

Stress management techniques are used successfully in many emotional and physical problems such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and career problems, and are effective.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on personal-social adjustment and psychological capital of high school students in Tehran during 1397.

The method used in this study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group and random sampling. The statistical population consisted of all female secondary school students in 1397. Using random sampling, 30 students in both experimental and control groups (15 subjects) and control (15 subjects) were considered as the sample size. The experimental group received 8 life skills training sessions, and the control group did not receive any treatment. In order to collect information, two questionnaires, personal-social adjustment (California, 1953) and McGee's Psychological Capital questionnaires (2011) were used. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and the coefficient for each questionnaire was higher than 0.7. Content validity was also used to assess the validity of the questionnaire, which was approved by the relevant experts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis).

Findings showed that life skills training increased personal and social compatibility of students. Based on the results of the findings, life skills training increased the psychological capital and its components in students(P> .0 / 01).

Therefore, it seems that life skills training can enhance students' adaptation and provide effective techniques for increasing psychological capital.

In the age of Communication, all aspect of education, especially sexual education, will be changed. Threats will be revealed, by inappropriate use of concepts related to sexual education. Therefore, the goal of this research was to explore the main elements of student sexual education in the age of Communication to design a model based on grounded theory.

This study has a qualitative approach and grounded theory has been used as a research method. For gathering data, high level documents have been studied and interviewed 25 experts who were aware of the subject. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling method and the data were analyzed simultaneously by continuously comparisons based on Corbin and Strauss method.

The findings of study formed the basis of a conceptual model including the following components: Casual Condition (necessity: Awareness, directing, lack of appropriate program), phenomenon(opportunities and threats of sexual education in  Communication), context conditions(Time, place and method of sexual education), intervening conditions(social-cultural structures including incorrect beliefs, parents' attitudes, family structure), strategies(Principles and Indicators of Sexual Education in the Viewpoint of Islam)and consequences(development all aspects of intercultural education at individual, national levels).

Basis of a conceptual model, necessity, education and social-cultural structures effected phenomenon (opportunities and threats of sexual education in Communication) in Iranian society. And strategies include of Principles and Indicators of Damage and Health of Sexual Education in the Viewpoint of Islam had to lead to development all aspects of intercultural education at individual, national levels.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Motor Skills Training on Improve the Ability to Fitter in University of Applied Science Students.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was all students of Applied Academic University (a subset of the motor skills industry sector) in Tehran during the academic year 2017. 60 non-random sampling methods were selected. Thirty of those in the experimental group were students who had high grades in the courses and the control group of 30 were randomly selected with high and moderate scores. The experimental group consisted of 9 sessions under Pede and Pegboard training with the proposed model, and the control group remained on the list. Data collection was performed on the basis of Purdapog board test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-23 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis).

The results showed that the motor skills training model was able to increase the agility of dominant, non-dominant hand agility, as well as the experimental group assembly compared to the control group (P <0.05).

Implementation of the proposed model of motor skills training can improve students' assembly ability.

The aim of the present research is detecting spiritual leadership factors and indicators at high schools of education system regarding interview with informants.

the current research has applied aim. The research population includes all of high school teachers of Ministry of Education in Saveh in 2017-2018totaling 905.  The research sample was based on Krejcie and Morgan Table including 270 subjects using purposeful and snowball sampling. Data gathering tool was semi-structured interview. In this paper, at first based on theoretical and research literature detecting factors and indicators and their informants were rated on 5-scale Lickert based on significance and also proposed some answers to the open question. Data analysis was performed using mono sample t-test and the results of qualitative data were analyzed by MAXQDA software.  For data analysis, average and standard deviation indexes and in deductive section discovering factor was used for detecting elements of spiritual leadership with structural equation techniques.

The findings of current paper were detected from the perspective of informants and opinion makers of effective factors on spiritual leadership at high schools in 4 factors and 14 indicators. The results of mono sample t-test showed error level of α=0.05 indicating meaningful level in all factors and indicators was obtained less than error rate (α>sig=0.05).  So with 95 percentage ensuring all factors and indicators were confirmed from the perspective of this research informants.

 Spiritual mangers due to virtues like bravery, justice, humanity, foresight, correct judgment, modesty in mood, behavior, perspective develop their skill and proficiency to consider constant and long-term educational activities and cause basic changes at schools.

The purpose of this study was to design and test the structural model of the effects of life experiences, personality traits and thinking styles on the success of teachers with the mediation of job interests.

In order to achieve this goal, 234 teachers were selected using a cluster sampling method among high school teachers in Bojnourd city as the sample of this study. At first, their success rate was assessed by managers and students through a researcher-made questionnaire. Then Sternberg-Wagner Stress Thinking Styles Questionnaire, Five Factor Questionnaire, Short Form Personality Traits, Job Awareness Questionnaire and Researcher-made Life-Exercise Questionnaire were completed by the teachers. At first, the descriptive characteristics of the data from the research sample were examined. In the next step, based on the path analysis method, the research model was extracted based on the relationships between the variables and finally, the fit of the extracted model with the experimental data was evaluated using the structural equation modeling method.

 The results indicated that the personality traits of psychosis, extroversion and direct consistency, and personality trait of conscientiousness indirectly through external job interests, have a significant effect on the prediction of teachers' professional success. Also, Kurds of thinking styles, cognitive thinking, forms of thinking styles, group thinking, levels of thinking styles, holistic thinking, and the domains of thinking styles, external thinking, and the forms of thinking, thinking, and marital styles are also Both indirectly and indirectly through interpersonal and interpersonal interests, and the work of thinking styles, peer-to-peer, indirectly through external job interests, coefficients have a significant effect on the prediction of the professional success of teachers.

successful teachers include content knowledge, teaching skills, classroom management, communication skills and motivation, creativity development, interaction power.</div>

One of the elements of success in each organization in achieving its goals is the competency of organization managers who can be effective in creating innovative behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study is examination of the effects of the managers in training departments.

This paper has applied objective and descriptive-survey and correlational methodology. The statistical population of the study consisted of 355 managers of educational departments of Fars province universities. Using Morgan table, 185 people were selected by simple random sampling as case study. The data collection tool on dimensions of competency and entrepreneurial behavior was developed by a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was measured by confirmatory factor analysis with factor load of more than 0.4 as well as face validity (expert approval) and reliability by Cronbach's alpha more than 0.7  (managers’ competency questionnaire with 0/93 and entrepreneurship  behavior questionnaire with 0/87 validity).

Data were analyzed by SPSS and PLS software. The composite validity amount, the extracted variance and factor load have been achieved based on modeling for elements of competency and entrepreneurship behaviors.

 The results of structural equation modeling showed that there is a meaningful relationship between dimensions of managers' competency including communicative skills, encouragement and innovation, leadership skills, applying professional positive capabilities, team empowerment and decision-making and entrepreneurial behavior.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Stress Coping Skills Training on Mindfulness of Students' Girls.

This quasi-experimental study was carried out in a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Sixty-nine students were selected from among the girls of the 9th grade in Tehran during the academic year of 1969-97, and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Mindfulness Questionnaire (Bauer et al., 2006) was performed in the pre-test phase and after training the skills of confronting stress with the experimental group, the questionnaire was repeated on both groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS19 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance).

The results showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, the mind-consciousness scores of the experimental group significantly increased in the post-test phase. The results show that the teaching of skills to confront mind-tone stress increases students' awareness. Learning these skills will increase the decentralization and dare of students' exposure to stressful thoughts, which leads to higher awareness. Also, stress coping skills lead to cognitive reform and the ability to manage themselves, and subsequently their minds increase.

Therefore, it can be said that teaching strategies for coping with stressful situations is an effective way to increase students' mindfulness.</div>

The present study was designed with the aim of Complication of Courses of Sport extracurricular in Education with Using Weisbord’s Model. The method of this research was survey.

The statistical population of this research is all sports teachers in North Khorasan Province, and their number is 750, according to the obtained data. Based on the Morgan sample size table, 256 sports secretaries were identified as the research sample. The data gathering tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire with 22 questions, whose questions were designed based on the Weiss board design. The face and content validity of this questionnaire was evaluated using the opinion of the university experts. In order to study the construct validity of this questionnaire, an exploratory factor analysis was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was 0.87. The statistical methods used in the present study included K-S test, exploratory factor analysis, and T test. All data analysis was done in SPSS software version 22.

The results of this study showed that the identified complications in accordance with the webs board pattern in the present study, explained 75.25% of the total variance of the questions. The number of complications detected in the research includes the complications of the wi-board model in all dimensions and domains below the average level of 3. Considering the significance level below 0.05, it can be stated that these complications are in poor condition. In the meantime, the status of the complications related to the goals is in the more inappropriate conditions than the other complications.

The results of the present study showed that there are some complications in post-exercise training programs in education, all of which are in poor condition. The results of the present study indicated that goals, structure, rewards, useful mechanisms, communication, and leadership are all complications of the post-training exercise in education that all of them are in undesirable conditions.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual (religious) education on happiness and responsibility of high school students.

The method of this study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of all eighth grade students, 350 students in 12 classes. According to Cochran and Krejcie's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 23 in each group and 46 in the two experimental and control groups. For sampling, two classes of 12 classes (experimental group and control group) were selected by random stratified sampling method. Students first completed the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Argyle, 1990) and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) Responsibility Scale (Guff, 1987), and then for the experimental group, 10 sessions of spiritual multidimensional instruction derived from multidimensional spiritual therapy. Was executed. One week after the last session, the post-test was performed for the groups and finally, 45 days after the post-test, the follow-up test was performed for the groups and the results were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (Mancova) SPSS software was compared.

The results showed that the effect of independent variable (spiritual education) on the dependent variables (happiness and responsibility of male students) was significant and significant.

If spiritual education can enable meaningful, valuable and purposeful mechanisms in students' mental system, then spiritual education can be a good way to increase mental resources and capacities such as happiness. And their responsibility.</div>

 The purpose of this study was to identify the concept of ethical sensitivity as an essential component of ethical decision making and provide solutions for teacher education students in order to develop ethical sensitivity training.

In this study, concept analysis method was used. In this regard, we first explained the preconditions and characteristics of ethical sensitivity, with emphasis on Weaver's studies (2005), and then, based on these preconditions and attributes, some approaches were presented to develop the teacher education students’ ethical sensitivity training.

Regarding the analysis of the concept of ethical sensitivity through the research backgrounds, it can be stated that the purpose of the education and development of this concept is to assist students in accepting and analyzing the views of students, answering them, identifying and interpreting ethical issues, and finally, justify, reflex and anticipate the consequences of its ethical actions, and using methods that are effective in maintaining the student's personality coherence.

ethical sensitivity and explaining the methods to develop it on education of student-teacher can lead to the behavioral contradiction of the educators and lead to less emphasis of ethical sensitivity (grey) among the educators.

 Today, countries around the world have come to realize that a wide range of capabilities, thinking skills, and basic skills are needed to prepare students for an unpredictable future. To achieve this, learners must expand their awareness of themselves as thinkers and learners, practice strategies for effective thinking and develop the thinking skills they need throughout their lives, because thinking and thinking are at the beginning of any Production and construction is in the human world. New education is trying to provide children with the necessary curriculum preparation to deal with the issues raised above. One of the methods that has been considered in recent years for thinking and reasoning is the teaching of philosophy to children.

Based on the studies conducted, it was concluded that teaching philosophy is possible with two approaches: The first approach, teaching philosophy is to teach how to think; teaching to ask and how to ask. The fundamental point in teaching philosophy is that in this realm, the emphasis is more on right thinking than on right thinking. According to the second approach, the teaching of philosophy is the transfer of philosophical ideas to learners. The purpose of this article is to review the approaches to teaching philosophy to children.

Involving children in philosophy education leads to cognitive effects as well as self-esteem, self-efficacy, social intelligence, emotional intelligence, and perhaps transferable skills; Emotion and irrational thinking are effective.

the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social health and the usage of social networks among the parents of female students in Baharestan.

for this purpose, 370 parents (172 males and 198 females) were selected randomly through cluster sampling based on Morgan's table. In the next step, the social health questionnaire developed by Keyes and Shapiro (2005) and a researcher-made questionnaire about the usage of social networks were distributed among the subjects. The data were thus collected and analyzed using Smart PLS (partial least squares), SPSS, and statistical models such as convergent and divergent validity, composite reliability, Cronbach's alpha, average variance extracted, factor analysis, Stone-Geisser's criterion, goodness of fit, and independent t-test.

the results revealed a significant relationship between all the components of social health (i.e. social integration, social coherence, social actualization, social acceptance, and social contribution) and the usage of social networks. Accordingly, social health explains 42% of the usage of social networks. As regards the components, the percentages are social integration (86%), social coherence (52%), social actualization (25%), social acceptance (44%), and social contribution (36%). In addition, no significant relationship was found between gender and usage.

there is a positive and significant relationship between virtual social network and the components of physical health and general health scales, physical function, physical role, and physical pain. Social health refers to how a person's relationship is with others in a society is, or to his socialization. Therefore, social health is one of the three components (plus physical and mental health) of general health.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the school dropout of female students in Jargallan District of North Khorasan Province.

The research method was quantitative-qualitative (mixed). The statistical population consisted of all female leavers in the first grade of 2016 to 2018, including 200 students. In the qualitative stage, sampling was carried out using saturation method, which consisted of 20 people. In the quantitative section, 128 persons were selected based on the available sampling based on the Cochran formula. Semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire were used for data collection. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.8. To analyze the research questions, a confirmatory factor analysis was used.

To analyze the research questions, a confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results of the implementation of the test by PLS software showed that economic factors, educational factors, factors related to individual beliefs, factors related to specific culture and family factors are the factors that contribute to the dropout of girls in the first secondary school.

Education is the most important instrument of human resource education that will save every society from the stagnation and degradation of its society in terms of progress and progress.

Considering the importance of cancer in human societies and its negative effects on human body and psyche, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Schema Therapy on resiliency of breast cancer patients in East Tehran Medical Centers.

This study is a pilot study with single stage cluster sampling method. We selected 150 patients with breast cancer in East of Tehran. The Connor-Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire was presented. Forty-five subjects were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 15, consisting of two interventions and one control group, 12 sessions of group schema therapy and 12 sessions of acceptance-based therapy, each session lasting 90 minutes. Each intervention was performed twice a week for 3 days. At the end of treatment all three groups were tested.

The finding showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental group under the influence of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Schema Therapy in post-test resiliency. F (1.41) = 530/35.

The results showed that schema therapy is more effective on resiliency than, Commitment-Based and Acceptance.