نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، پاییز 1396)

Cloves an important plant source of phenolic compounds, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, which has long been used. According to the importance of extracts and essential oils and the importance of them in various industries due to their unique characteristics, the extract and the essential oil of clove plant were extracted and subjected to chemical analysis to identify and evaluate the chemical constituents of them. Extract was isolated by maseratoin method and isolation of essential oil was done by celevenger. Extract and essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography in coupled with mass spectrometry (GC / MS). Eight compounds were identified in the clove extract that its main components were eugenol (85.5%), eugenol acetate (2.3%) and heptacosone (1.8%), respectively. Seven chemical compounds were identified in the clove oil which the main ones including eugenol (86.36%) and beta-cariophilic (7.66%). Eugenol was the main combination in both the extract and the essential oils and showed the highest concentration of this compound among them.

PCR-DGGE is one of the newest molecular methods. This technique separates co-size DNA fragments based on sequence differences and was originally devised to discover DNA polymorphism. PCR-DGGE uses in different fields of microbiology Such as medical microbiology, food microbiology and industrial microbiology. In this method, after DNA extraction from the specimen, DNA is amplified by universal primers through PCR. Subsequently, the PCR is loaded on the DGGE gel containing denaturing gradient of urea and formamide and the electrophoresis is performed. The DGGE separates the DNA fragments that belong to different bacteria, which can be used for further analysis. Despite of some limitation such as length limit of considered DNA fragment, the PCR-DGGE technique can be used as a fast and efficient technique for many purposes in microbiology. In this study, following the introducing of PCR-DGGE method, we are going to investigate the advantages and limitations of this technique in microbiological research.

In this article, a real liver tissue and soft tissue on the front of (such as fat and skin) decomposed to constituent elements And then irradiation with neutrons in radiotherapy action takes place. . This could be all about the treatment of liver cancer. The absorbed dose in the liver as a result of collisions between neutron core elements that make up the liver tissue was determined then obtained interesting results in this regard. In this cross - sectional study of liver tissue, the means of neutron irradiation to put And the absorbed dose or energy absorbed in each of the ingredients of liver tissue is obtained. The results of descriptive statistics using excel v2010 and spss v16 software were analyzed. The findings suggest there if the compounds in the liver, and skin following their elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and sodium, Absorbed dose levels of the constituent elements of the liver, and skin followed, each with mass numbers different. The maximum value of absorbed dose and the frequency of the element hydrogen. Determined by neutron radiation absorbed dose to the liver in practice.

Pepper is a bush shrub that belonging to the Capsicum family. From a long time ago due to the effects of hyperglycemia and hypertension has long been used in traditional medicine in Iran. The most important metabolites pepper are phe The aim of this study was comparison the amount of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and Flavonoid in pepper extract collected from different parts of Iran and investigate its antioxidant properties .

pepper plants collected of Isfahan, Urmia and Turkey in 1392.and kept in the freezer - 80 ° C until metabolites measurement . Then preparing the mix the peppers with methanol acidic, and measured phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties by HPLC.

Investigate methanol extracts of different areas showed that The highest amount of phenolic compounds according to vanilla acid (1.5 mg /g dry weight) as to reza Shahr and anthocyanins based on cyanidin - glucoside was as to Urmia region peppers and peppers area of Shahr Reza also had better antioxidant activity than other areas. Conclution: The results show that the pepper plant is rich in phenolic compounds and also have antioxidant properties. Eventually, it can be used as a herbal source of the antioxidant compound in food and pharmaceutical industry.

Studies your target reviews of risk factors and also treatment for harm reduction anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) assigned to help sports society.

systematic search databases Scopus, Pubmed, Cochran, Elsevier and google scholar for Assigning Articles performed on the injury anterior cruciate ligament particularly studies conducted on prevalence of the pathology in women that has case studies of ACL injury, especially women, as well as of risk factors and treatment of ligament injury was detected in athletes.

A total of 18articles in field of check the network particularly ACL injuries in sports studies were conducted on the prevalence of The case studies acl injury and ligament injury risk factors and treatments available at the athletes were identified.

The results showed that ACL injuries in athletes are more likely due to differences in neuromuscular. According to this study nonsurgical treatments surgical treatment including strength training, plyometric, weight bearing and proprioception whose activities the patient to return to the damage.

One of the major problems in hospitals resistance of pathogenic bacteria , including bacteria that cause urinary tract infections(UTI), antimicrobial substances , the problem of increased costs of treatment , treatment failure and mortality rates are increasing.The purpose of this research is to identify multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli of urinary tract infections with antibiotics and the effect of silver nanoparticles on them.Planting 240 clinical samples from patients admitted to two hospitals ( Fatemiyeh , Besat) within 6 months of 1395 a total of 150 gram negative bacilli of urinary tract infections was isolated. To determine antibiotic resistance of these bacteria, disk diffusion method was used, and their susceptibility was evaluated according to the CLSI(clinical and laboratory Standards Institute) . Gram-negative bacilli isolated were prepared and inhibition zone diameter was measured.The most common bacteria Escherichia coli was isolated and lowest frequencies of the Proteus vulgaris. All of the samples to a solution of silver nanoparticles at concentrations 200 ppm 100 ppm and were sensitive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30 mm) and Enterobacter aerogenes (27 mm) maximum diameter in the presence of silver nanoparticles showed 800 ppm.

The results show that silver nanoparticles can have an inhibitory effect on all tested Gram-negative bacilli , and the concentration of nanoparticles , the diameter of the growth of Gram-negative bacilli of urinary tract infections resistant to multiple antibiotics increases.Key words: Gram-negative bacilli, Silver nanoparticles, Urinary Tract Infection,Antibiotic Resistance, Hamedan