نشریه پژوهش های ادبی
پیاپی 53 (پاییز 1395)

Heritage is one of the most famous poem of Mehdi Akhavān-Sāles where the poet has tried to establish a coherent relationship between form and content. In this study, using an analytic –descriptive research methodology, the author has investigated the elements of repetition, cohesion and narration in order to explain the functions of existent relations on structural elements which construct overall signification of this poem. This study shows the structural elements of this poem and its aesthetic aspects. According to results, in this poem, poet has paid special attention to structure, what makes the poem formally coherent. The use of structural relationships like repetition, cohesion and narration besides magnificent lexical selection at both levels of syntagmatic and paradigmatic axis makes this poem a successful examples of contemporary poem.

Synesthesia is one of the most frequent techniques to imaging in literary texts which merges the senses and set as a goal the imagery of language and linguistic devices. Due to the existence of synesthesia’s mentality among children and adolescence; this strategy is in accordance with the needs of children to these linguistic figures and imaging. Thus, Poets who work in the field of child literature uses this technique in their works. This article scrutinizes linguistic, rhetoric and semantic features of synesthesia among thirteen child contemporary poets. Research methodology of this study is descriptive –statistical. According to results of this study, the frequency of synesthesia usage and its diversity is high. All poets of this study have benefited from this strategy even in expressing abstract concepts.

Besides beautiful description of affective emotions and love, Vis and Rāmin love story by Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani includes religious beliefs of pre and post Islamic era. Through the challenge of ardent love of two main protagonists of the story, we encounter some crucial points on importance and necessity of oath and abstinence from its denial. This issue led the writer to analyze this theory of ancient Iran and even the main pillar of Islamic judgments (the oath of the parties and witnesses that their speeches were correct), besides how and why it was used in this poem as a fundamental element, as well as the importance of paying attention and engagement to it. Probably, the key element in the genesis of this love story is the oath of Shahru , the mother of Vis vis –à-vis Monikan priest

Structuralism is one of the method to analyze the text. Binary oppositions in this approach are considered as foundations. Structural theoreticians believe that the main function of human mind is to create these binary oppositions which are the underlying structure of each culture. In fact, our cultural actions originate from these binary relationship in which lexical contrast and contradictory thought are hidden. By adopting this research methodology, this article investigates Baharestan by Jami; a literary work with social, ethical and mystic thoughts or background whose foundation is based on these binary oppositions. In parallel with explanation of thought and origin of Jami’s stories at the level of deep structure; the authors tries to show these oppositions at the level of surface structure. The main question of this study is that to what extent the reading of Baharestan illuminates its literary value.

By adopting an analytic –descriptive research methodology, the present study analyzes the narrative acceleration in the “Stone of Patience “novel. To assess acceleration of narration, Gérard Genette divides the time of narrative text’s reading in the required time of novel’s events to be happened in real time. In this novel with stream of consciousness narrative technique, the future comes back in advance. From this view point, frequent retrospections along with several long shows guaranty the existence of novel. In this novel, temporal limit of fiction is not clear and the measurement or assessment of narrative acceleration based on speculation is not realistic. Since fictional axis of this novel except the shows are the result of two or more characters’ monologues. To assess narrative acceleration in each fictional axis, it should never ignore this phenomenon in the narrators section of that part. It is expected that narrative acceleration in this novel be fix and neutral due to this fact that the “Stone of Patience” is a text with numerous scenes. But, this novel is full of descriptive and explicative pause, retrospection, the representation of characters’ internal world and outer fictional narratives making the narrative acceleration slow.

In this article, at first, the authors have tried to scrutinize some of the most important attributes of Nima Yushij’s engaged poems in the first decades of 20th and 30th from the view point of extra-linguistic and sociological aspects. Then, in the framework of intra- textual and linguistic essay artistic and literary quality of these poems are evaluated. From the view point of extra-textual approach, descriptive research methodology and content analysis of results show that ideological representation of Nima’s Poem and Tudeh’s Party reading and interpretation of those poems make sense that these poems have been just engaged in this party. The interpreters and critiques of this party have reflected a uniform and concordant atmosphere with their own thoughts in relation to the poems of Nima ideologically. So, Social poems of Nima have been always interpreted with political bias on behalf of dominant discourse. But, in fact, the engagement of Nima has been totally toward the society and left Party not Tudeh’s Party. From the view point of Intra-textual and linguistic approach, Nima has never ignored literary aspect of his poetic work in favor of engaged mottos with directive and referential language. He has applied the technique of semantic foregrounding and symbolism to produce an open text which is devoted to the signification process