نشریه پژوهش های ادبی
پیاپی 58 (زمستان 1396)

The horse with the ahoorian character of Iranian thought is considered to be the perfection of the Divine and Holy heros. Psycologist considers this animal as the unconscious psychological symbol. The present paper seeks to symbolize and distinguish the phenomenal and charming phenomena of the Shabdiz and Golgoon in Khosrow and Shirin of Nezami military by qualitative research methodology analytical- descriptive type and method of studying texts. The results show two horses with an overwhelming capacity of mythological، artistic and literary change of gender. By transforming themselves into the central stracture of the story، the poets poetry is in the most sensitive scens of this passionate love affair and love. On the scens where lover and beloved are confronted، they associate them with singularity and non-human forces are super- natural and beyond the animal body that appear as a complementary and exclellence element in reaching the destination of love.

Linguistic studies under the influence of second wave of feminism, has been introduced scientifically in linguistic field. Lakoff, a famous linguist, believes that different socialization and power sharing between men and women leads to difference in their language. After representation of this theory,many linguists start to investigate in this context and following these investigations they found different language variables in language of men and women. Some of these variables are standard and informal language, imperative speaking commands, moderators, curse words and so on. These variables are significant in works of fiction. The aim of this article is to study female language characteristics in “Kanizo” a novel by MoniroRavanipor based on sociolinguistics and considering suggested variables by Lakoff and other linguists. The result of studies showed that women’ language in Ravanipor’s novel is not weak in contrast with the belief of linguists. In spite of the fact that these women are weak and oppressed by men, there is a significant difference between their language and men’s and this weakness is separate from what linguists introduced as weakness.

Mashrotiat’s era has had very great impact in different areas, especially in the field of Persian literature. Elders and intellectuals of the period by recognizing the global and national, new design and new themes were based on Persian literature. so in its place is notable. The poets such as Aref Ghazwini, Mirzadeh Eshghi, Dehkhoda, Irajmirza and Nasime Shomal, were creator of the new literature in the era of mashrotiat. They had an effective role in the development of major literary especially in the satire literature. The answered to this Question:  the poets how much were used the satire potential and how using the disclosure to improving the knowledge society?  Social protest and disclosing in the poems of the above mentioned poets is obvious and is common indicator. Disclosing is very important in durability of the satire poems. Conclusion shows the maximum percentage of the disclosing poem couplets belong to the Dehkhoda, and the minimum to the Irajmirza. Study of the percentage of disclosing poems of the above mentions poets showed that they are changeable between 17 to 30%. Meanwhile, the percentage of Dehkhoda and Nasimeshomal’s poems   are superior to the Eshghi, Aref and Irajmirza.

The story of line and cow is one the main stories of Panchatantra, in which power relations and its connection with science and rationality, can be investigated. In Fukui treatment, power is and interactive and mutual action, which is productive and ways of resistance against it leads to creation of new forms of behavior. Knowledge and Truth regime is not neutral and forms based on the discourse of power in each period. Sixth century is the peak period of intellectual and cultural interactions between different ideas. Panchatantra that is confluence of Iranian Islamic and Hindi culture, similar to epistles of this period which are affected by Iranshahr idea, is based on three major principles, including: Importance and attention to wisdom, justice and class meditation. What can be observed regarding power relations in story is challenge in these three situations. Panchatantra Opposition to accepted definitions of wisdom as well as its expertise in language, challenge the established order and logic of its resistance practices  against ruling power and discourse system. On the other hand, the policy of governed power to punish and insist on enforcement of intellectual practices in punishment, is a respond, which is apply due to fear of reverse power relations. In this story, power play is not based on force and one-way domination, but it is based on a reading of rationality that show the whole system and structure of story believable, logical and rational.

Study of human being in a literary text based on philosophical is a comparative approach from literature and philosophy that its shortage and necessity is obvious in literal researches.”Self-consciousness” and “Death” are  basic disputes in recognition human being philosophy and subject analysis in a literal text. In this essay the novel  Tarikhe Serrie Bahadorane Forse Ghadim written by Siroos Shamisa from the style of acquiring knowledge point of view, reaching to self-consciousness, the textual condition of appearing such condition and its effect on mind, human being life in the postmodern is analyzed. Theoretical basses of this research is more based on philosophical source and the important aim is analyzing the condition of human being as human not as a story character. So it will be obvious that human being in the condition of postmodern self-consciousness is a subject that its perfection and integrity is impossible but there will be condition which empowered the human objective features and it can be considered as “Death of Subject”. Death of Subject in this sense is not the mystical death in its perfection step, but this death is another path of its perfection.

This article aimed to introduce Paul Simpson’s model (2004) at the point of view of "Ayenehaye Dardâr" and "Ham Navayie Shabaneye Orcestre Choobhâ". Simpson applies "sequence, duration, and frequency" in the spatial planes of point of view from "camera angle". He also uses "Modality" in psychology, and "Helidian transitional system" in ideological. Exploring the point of view provides a better understanding of the thoughts and feelings of the characters. The research method is to evaluate the entire text of the novels in the temporal, spatial, and psychological points of view and identifying the "processes" and "aspects of verbs" in the "policy and beliefs motifs" of the authors’ ideology index. The flashback in two novels plays an important role. Ghasemi, with a partial view, and Golshiri, with the "here and there" frequency pronouns show the contradiction between the origin and destination community in the lives of immigrants. A confirmative attitude is dominated on novels and the narrator explicitly speaks of his dreams and beliefs. The high frequency of material process reveals realism and reports the specific application of the news, personalities, and lives of the characters.