فصلنامه علوم و فنون بسته بندی
پیاپی 37 (بهار 1398)

The development of the packaging industry is one of the requirements of the industrial excellence of countries.The Corrugated box making Industries has always been a privileged position.Unfortunately, with the increasing pressures on the industry and the constraints of currency exchange and liquidity coupled with the uncertainties in decision-making for large-scale industry management, the corrugated box making Industries have faced crises.To this end, the present study examines the challenges facing them and ways to overcome them in the corrugated box making Industries.A researcher-made questionnaire was used for the survey and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha calculation method.The data of the questionnaires were analyzed by the statistical software.The results showed that the supply of raw materials accelerated the replacement of other packaging’s instead of Corrugated -based packages, lack of specialized knowledge, lack of appropriate technology, worn-out and do not updating the machinery are  the most challenges that facing the corrugated box making Industries.To overcome these challenges, one can point to the use of regional comparative advantages in the provision of suitable raw materials and so on.

Packaging Design plays a strategic role in emphasizing messages sent by consumer goods producers. They make a contribution with a graphic designers in order to first visually position the superiority and philanthropy of their products among competitors, and then to influence choices of customers. More precisely speaking, logotype design have more to do with this influence, particularly nowadays when deconstructive perspective of speech as well as reconstructive power of writing generate the meaning from images, out of speech canon. In this paper, in order to achieve the aim of promoting environmental culture, to that end, the visual dimensions of writing, logotype design in particular was analyzed based on a theoretical framework of cultural graphology. This framework inspired of Jacques Derrida's Cultural graphology and Walter Benjamin's allegory was previously established for the analysis of Samani slipware epigraphy. The first question which is related to Derrida's cultural graphology perspective: in what ways it is possible to illustrate an environmental message in the logotype of consumer goods' packaging?. On the basis of Benjamin's allegorical reading, the other question is how graphic designers can develop an environmental message all over a package design? To briefly answer, since in graphology either letters or ligatures stands for a body member or behavior, there are an underlying visual language behinds the writing's elements that provides certain method for designing communicable environmental messages. The answer of second question is that if we develop environmental messages depending on both the name and the type of products by means of a series of Persian allegories, the underlying visual language of writing will spread throughout the packaging design.

After the Industrial Revolution and the increasing variety of manufactured goods, the role of marketing, advertising, and creativity in the design of packages came into focus. Due to the fact that regarding aesthetic principles in designing product packages effects the saleof goods, this theme became a high priority for package designers. Furthermore, the important role packaging design plays in the branding process and also the close link between a brands with customers made the designers apply some traditional symbols and motifs in their designs. This issue is reflective of the producing countries’ art and culture as well. In this regard, the present research, aiming at introducing some of the most commonly traditional motifs in Kerman, analyzed the aesthetic effect of using them in export pistachio packaging in this province. This study presented several designs inspired by these motifs and also discussed their effect on the consumers’ preferences and sales. The present research applied a descriptive-analytical method to do a corpus-based (library data) study. Attempts have been made to analyze the aesthetic aspect of traditional and local motifs, and the consumers’ level of preference and trust in choosing a package accordingly.

The aim of the present research was to investigate the effect of the combined use of apricot tree gum (Prunus armeniaca L gum exudates (PAGE)) coating with different concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15%) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with different oxygen concentrations (4%, 12% and 21%) on the qualitative and physicochemical properties of strawberry fruit. For this purpose, the texture and sensory properties of strawberry as well as anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents in strawberry samples were evaluated over the storage period. As expected, with increasing storage time, hardness of the tested samples decreased (P≤0.05) which may be attributed to an increase in metabolic reactions arise from cellular respiration. In the PAGE-coated samples, the hardness of the tissue was maintained for a long period of time. Additionally, packaging of the samples at low oxygen level preserved their textural quality. From a sensory point of view, color and textural properties of the tested samples were investigated. As expected, the coated and preserved samples in the presence of low oxygen had the highest color, texture and overall acceptability ratings. Chemical analysis of the samples also revealed that the coated and packed ones that stored at the atmosphere with a low concentration of oxygen had the highest amount of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin. Overall, the results of this study confirmed that the use of combined coating process by PAGE and MAP is a useful technique to preserve the quality of strawberry during storage period.

Boned muscle pieces were immersed in a film solution containing 5 grams of sodium alginate powder with 45 grams of maltodextrin and 20 grams of glycerol to cover the entire surface with film. Then it was brought out from the solution and allowed to remove the excess solution. Subsequently, the muscle pieces were immersed for 30 seconds in a second solution containing 2.74 g of calcium chloride and 0.9 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, and after bringing them out from the solution, it was allowed to separate the extra solution. Boned muscle pieces were roped from the end part to the thick thread, and they were hung on a plastic rope to set the covers completely. Afterward they were randomly placed in separate packages on days 0, 1, 3 and 5 and they were kept in the refrigerator at 4 ° C. Then, the moisture content and sensory evaluation were evaluated by 8 persons on the mentioned days. There were no significant difference between control and coated samples in terms of moisture content in meat. No significant differences were observed in the sensory examination of color and odor variables, but the coated specimens had better scores. The wetted and coated samples had significantly higher scores. The results of this study showed that the use of calcium alginate edible coating improves sensory properties.

Antimicrobial packaging has been very successful and well received due to its ability to inhibit food contaminating microorganisms and thus maintain product quality, in addition to increasing shelf life in meeting customer needs. In this project, antimicrobial and biodegradable films based on linear polyethylene/light polyethylene/poly lactic acid (blends of LLDPE/LDPE/PLA)containing potassium sorbate were prepared by blowing film method. First, linear polyethylene / light polyethylene blend was prepared with different percentages of poly lactic acid (10, 20 and 30%) and 3% component of polyethylene maleic anhydride. The sample of 20% lactic acid was selected as optimal  based on mechanical properties test. In the next step, 4% potassium sorbate was used as an antimicrobial agent to produce biodegradable and antimicrobial films and the films were prepared by blowing film method. The mechanical properties test results showed that the presence of potassium sorbate improved the tensile strength from 7.93 to 11.71 MPa and elongation to rupture from 282.57 to 551.57%. Also, the 72-hour microbial test results showed that the film contains 4% potassium sorbate against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus Niger completely inhibited bacterial activity and inhibited their growth by affecting the essential enzymes in the growth of microorganisms. Also, the 2-month biodegradability results for linear polyethylene/ light polyethylene films and films containing 20% poly lactic acid and 4% potassium sorbate films showed that by adding 20% poly Lactic acid and 4% potassium sorbate improved the biodegradability of the films after 2 months by 1.11% and 2.07%, respectively, however the figure is expected to grow further if time increase.

In this study, it is noteworthy that the packaging of Iranian teas in most cases lacks the creativity, standards, and up-to-date graphic methods demanded by the Iranian market and export markets, therefore in order to improve the Iranian packaging industry, the label and packaging of an Iranian company producing tea and herbal drinking has been evaluated, as well as analyzing its products in terms of packaging. This article examines the strengths and weaknesses of packages and concludes with tips and suggestions for designers and researchers who want to work in this field. This article is extracted from a master's thesis entitled "Investigating the Branding and Packaging Design Specifications of Tea and herbal in Iran" at Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch in Autumn 97.