نشریه مطالعات تاریخی قرآن و حدیث
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 64، پاییز و زمستان 1397)

Ḥamza-t bin Ḥabīb Zayyāt is the prominent Qārī of Kufa in the 2nd century AH. His reading of the Qur'an has always been the subject of scholarly attention. Ḥamza's reading, however, with all its significance and credibility has some syntactic flaws that sometimes provoke protests against him. The reading of the term "al-Arḥām" with I'rāb al-Jarr in the first verse of Surah Nisā, reading of 'Lā Yaḥsabanna' in the form of third person, in verse 5 of Surah 9 Anfāl, reading of 'Yukhāfā' in form of passive in verse 229 of Surah Baqara, reading of 'Yubaliqāni' in deuteronomy from in verse 23 of Surah Isrā and reading of ‘Thalāthami’ in verse 25 of Surah al-Kahf, without Tanwin, are some examples of syntactic alienations presented by Hamzah. The present study seeks to elucidate the mystery of this phenomenon by the fact that Hamza's commitment to the Ottoman’s Mushaf and his simultaneous inclination to Ibn Mas'ūd’s manuscript have led him to such challenging readings. In this type of examples, although, ibn Ma’sūd’ Mushaf provides a sympathetic account of the reading of Hamzah on the one hand, but and on the other hand, his belonging to the Mushafd of Ibn Mas'ūd is what challenges Hamza.

Ibn Ghazāerī and his book Rijāl, have long been criticized by the scientific circles, especially the scholars of Hadith and Rijāl, and there have been various criticisms and perspectives about his book and his credibility and credibility, Ibn Ghazāerī. Therefore, this research, as needed, the introduction of Ibn Ghazāerī's personality and circumstances expresses the views of the scholars of Rijāl about him and also examines the standard of Ibn al- Ghazāerī in the revision of the ḥadīth narrators. In the following, Ibn Ghazāerī's conflict with the famous religious scholars' tales and his writings have been investigated and compared to the extent of the influence of Rijāl scholars on Ibn Ghazāerī's words and examples of this influence. In the main part of this article, the scientific position of Ibn Ghazāerī (The weak) from the 5th century of the Hijri so far has been criticized by the author in two parts of the old perspectives and the latest, and a summary of the important results of this discussion is presented at the end.

The Theory of "Revelation of the Qur'anic Rhetoric and Theological Structure" has been the dominant theory among Islamic scholars on the question of what and how the Qur'anic revelation has been since the beginning of revelation and the emergence of Qur'anic commentary and debate. However, some contemporary writers have, at a rare glance, believed that the Qur'an was a product of the spiritual encounter of Prophet Muhammad in the dream world, in which truths were revealed to him has been released by the Prophet in Arabic rhetoric and structure. This descriptive-analytic library research based on five groups of Qur'anic verses which, in their own words or verses, have considered the Qur'anic rhetoric and theological structure as well as its content from God. It argues that the theory of "revelation of the Qur'anic word" is a solid theory derived from many verses of the Holy Quran, and that the "dreamlike revelation" view is incompatible with a large collection of Quranic verses.

Asbab al-nuzul science is one of the oldest topics in the knowledge of Quranic science and is related to understanding of the Quran. In the present time, although theories of the Qur'anic scholars of the past have continued with the classical Qur'anic scholars, Changes and developments have occurred in almost all the topics of this science. This paper examines the approaches of the Qur'anic scholars and the evolution of their views in this science based on a descriptive and analytical method. The analysis shows that the persistence of the views of the of the Qur'anic scholars of the past in the present era is due to the rule of the atmosphere of narrative, imitation of the predecessors, and so on. The changes and developments are mainly due to the evolution of views on the nature of the Quranic text, the critical approach to narratives, the revision of the views of the predecessors, and so on. Regardless of the weakness and inaccuracy of theories such as "the knowledge of interpretation does not need to Asbab al-nuzul ," based on the reasons for the approval of these developments, they emphasize their importance. Regardless of the weakness and inaccuracy of theories such as "the knowledge of interpretation does not need to Asbab al-nuzul ," based on the reasons for the approval of these developments, they emphasize their importance.

One of the technical issues regarding to the Quran, is the Theory of "multiple revelation" based on the traditions of the " Seven ‎ Letters". Regardless identify the cause's expression of the traditions of the Prophet (pbuh), what is very important and has made numerous disagreements among Shiite scholars to be created, is express the traditions confirmed that theory by Imam Sadiq (AS) and Imam Baqir (AS). Since these narratives, in appearance, disagree with other narratives regarding the revelation of the Qur'an to the "single word" and cause a discussion about the distortion of the Quran, Therefore, in this research, it has been tried using the two methods of "Sentimental Criticism" and "Historical Analysis" and attention to the discourse governing the era of the Imams (AS), the reason for the issuance of these narratives and its relation with the social religious trends of the early history of Islam Explaining a new perspective on understanding these narratives. Considering the flow of cereals, studying their motivation for discussing the issue of Quranic recitation and the way Ahl al-Bayt (AS) confronts these false ideas is one of the issues discussed in this article.

TThe mystics, like other Islamic groups, have narrated the hadiths and expressed their attitude in line with their epistemic foundations and their intellectual roots - both historical and non-historical - in the universe. Among these mystics is the same Imam of Hamedani (525 AD), which, in many cases, has narrated some of the hadiths, including the Hadith of Abelbah al-Alam and Lau al-Bassin, and presented his misunderstanding. The subject of the research is that the historical roots of the attitude of the Islamic Revolutionary Court to the hadith "What is the infamous Al-Alam and the Lebanese?" The research method is librarian and descriptive-analytic. The results of the research indicate that, for the sake of equality, the purpose of the narration is to go to the fountain of sights to acquire the knowledge of the face and face. The historical root of the attitude of the Qur'an to this hadith returns to his gnostic and rational thinking because, based on the Gnostic thinking - which has been established in part of the path of his transfer through Christianity and manicism to Is

Abstract muslims need to understand quran attracts their attention into hadis and its understanding and made hadis science the most popular and important science all over islamic lands. The Rabc_E Nisvabur as a part of Islamic territory enjoying partiular geographical characteristics and perfect environmental conditions changed into a place for gathering large number of jurisconsults and scholors of hadis and a place for formation of grand activities in hadis science during first four islamic centuries . The aim of the research is to investigate the state of Hadis science in The Rabc_E Nisvabur in first four islamic centuries. In this research, in order to study Hadis science historical_ analytical and documentary method is used. the researcher according to Analysis of information come to this conclusion that credit of Hadis science owe to large extent to religous scholors like Imam Reza (peace be upon him) , correction of Hadis collection and Valid and well_ founded narrations also activities of great soni and shia narrators. Following tryings of hadis scholors from Nisvabur in complying correct hadises and learning and teaching them,great works is complied by Moslem Nisvaburi, Fazl Ibn Shazan ,Hakem Nisvabur.correctness and validity of works like Sahih Moslem changed into an axis for other new hadis collection as Almostakhraj and Almosnad.