پژوهشنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
پیاپی 7 (بهار 1395)

During the past decade, the intensification in the trend of domestication of ICTS, as a newborn social problem, in Iranian families has created a new experience and perception of everyday family life in the aspects of assignments and rights, imagination and expectation of roles, surveillance, as well as the parent-child relations. One of the most significant achievements of this problem has been the amplification of the activism potency and the potential dormant abilities of adolescent children as a result of adopting technological gadgets as a booster. The authors have investigated the analysis of the mentioned factors by conducting a field research in Tehran (regions 3, 6 & 11). For this purpose, the multi-dimensional theoretical and analytic approach was adopted concerning the relationship between technology and elements such as power, consumption, individualism, socialization, as well as language. The theoretical framework was inspired by the Structuration paradigm generated by Anthony Giddens. Furthermore, applying the semi-structural interview technique, 120 cases of 13-17 year-old adolescents were interviewed according to the theoretical and purposive sampling strategy. In order to achieve the reality reconstruction, the interviews were analyzed in a process consisting of multi-step ordering, coding, pattern revealing, and typology. Despite some vulnerabilities, the results show that 16 types of power for children are discoverable which one can classify into two major categories of acquisitive and transmitted power. Primarily, these types of power are of the dependent, conditional, temporary, potential, illegitimate, instant, exhibitive, and short-rang essence, and they should be considered in the power-dependency network and the need for parents.

The goal of this research was to study the mediating role of lifestyle on the relationship between economic-cultural capital and the attitude to divorce. The study is a survey of the casual comparative method. The theoretical framework of the study consists of theories by Weber, Simmel, Giddens, Chaney, Weblen and Chaney. The research sample included 278 divorced spouses who had referred to the Welfare Organization centers in Guilan. They were selected through random sampling and were asked to complete a questionnaire on attitude to divorce and economic-cultural capital. The conceptual model in this research was evaluated through a path analysis with an Amos of 18. The measured relative and absolute indexes confirmed the model. This suggests that the impact of cultural and economic capital on lifestyle mediation in the attitude to divorce is meaningful. The impact of cultural capital on lifestyle is significant but not for the attitude to divorce but the attitude toward divorce changes significantly. The impact of lifestyle on attitude to divorce is also significant.

This study investigates the status of corporate social responsibility fulfilment among the urban management partner corporations in terms of child labor in Tehran. It also studies how the use and propagation of the corporate social responsibility principle to decrease child labor in Tehran. The research method used in this study is qualitative using semi-structured interviewing techniques. Purposive sampling was used to choose key informants from activists in NGOs, experts & managers and academics. The interviews continued until reaching the point of saturation, which in this study was achieved by conducting 25 interviews. To reach the research findings, the content of the interviews was analyzed through thematic analysis. Once the analysis was done, we reached 5 comprehensive themes, consisting of two sets of quiddity and causes bearing the topic of the study. The resulted themes encompasses: transmission of child labour through three generations, defective supply chain, CSR effectiveness grounds, economic-welfare policies leading to child labour, loss of appropriate ground for acting based on CSR. The results show the nature and causes of child labour and how it relates to urban management partner corporates. Furthermore, it describes the nature of social responsibility in relation to child labor and shows whether the ground is available for social accountability for such corporates to perform upon. 

In the recent decades, some villages of Iran have had a feminine texture, the reason for this is immigration of men. Immigration of men from rural areas to metropolises mainly increased by virtue of various economic factors such as unemployment in villages, low income, seasonal unemployment and small size of farmlands. In this regard, the role of social policy making has been highlighted in order to create jobs and support key manufacturers in rural areas. In this research, we explored the role of women in two villages (Ghale Ghafe Bala and Kafsh Mahalle) located in the Golestan Region. These women succeeded in creating green jobs in their villages and eventually achieved sustainable livelihood after an empowerment process and improving human capabilities, recognizing geographical and environmental resources, and application of indigenous knowledge. In this study, we adopted the approach of Amartia Sen in human capabilities in order to solve the poverty and unemployment issue in the villages. The research methodology is case study, involving exploiting participant observation and in-depth interview techniques. The research results indicated that rural women could change the villages by grouping, increasing social participation, improving their capabilities, increasing agency capacity change and creating small and local community banks among rural groups. They could achieve sustainable livelihood and play an important part  decreasing unemployment and poverty.

Based on the theoretical and empirical relationship between the primary structures of social capital and job satisfaction, this article attempts to study it among the staff working at the police Head Quarters in Mazandaran province. In this regard, an applied survey method was used to collect data. The simple random sampling method was used to study 148 subjects working at the police HQ in Mazandaran province. The tools used were the questionnaire on social capital by Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) comprising 22 questions in three domains (structural, relational and cognitive domains), and the job satisfaction questionnaire by Brayfield and Rothe's (1951) encompassing 19 questions, and four elements (satisfaction from the job, colleagues, promotion in the organization, and salary and raises). The validity for the tools was α= 0.748 for social capital and α=0.839 for job satisfaction based on Cronbach's alpha. To analyse the data, a regression analysis, anindependent t-test, and One-Way ANOVA and structural equation modeling were employed. The results showed that social capital had a positive and significant impact on job satisfaction among the staff working at the police HQ in Mazandaran province. The regression analysis and structural equations concurrently represented a significant and positive influence of social capital domains (structural, relational and cognitive domains) on job satisfaction. There was no significant difference between social capital and job satisfaction regarding work experience. 

Mental health is a key factor in social life and its importance is emphasized in recent social sciences. Self-esteem, independency, ability to cope with pressures and stressors of life, social efficiency and participation in activities of community, are considered important factors of mental health. Historical observation of disadvantages and mental disorders in the immigrant population have helped to shape and improve prevailing theories on immigration and mental health and disorders. Immigration raises the issue of mental health since challenges such as learning new language, dealing with cultural differences, economic and residential instability, distance from ancestral lands and homesickness make the process of acculturation stressful, hard and complicated.  Although it seems that all immigrants are struggling for more adaptation and improvement of their status in the new culture, but in practice, each immigrant has a special strategy for acculturation or socialization in their new situation that has different consequences. These strategies can be adaptation, similarity, separation and marginalization in the new culture. In this article, we try to study the mental health of Afghan immigrants in Iran, using anthropological qualitative methods and applying theoretical frameworks of acculturation, considering social and demographical characteristics. The goal of this article is to draw conclusions concerning the relationship between status of immigrants and their mental health.