پژوهشنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
پیاپی 10 (زمستان 1395)

Suicide, as a conscious action in hurting oneself causing death, is among the social issues of human society that is increasing day by day. Suicide epidemiological studies inIran have shown that attempting suicide and committing an act of suicide is increasing. Using a qualitative approach, and based on the grounded theory of the social and cultural reasons behind suicide attempt, the current study aims to investigate the interaction between the person who commits suicide and his/her family, group and society as well as its relationship with suicide attempt. Through this, the present study seeks to find a more vivid image of the relationship between

Social capital provides a backdrop for vitality and happiness of the society via elements such as participation, social trust and social solidarity. This study sought to investigate the relationship between social capital and social happiness among the youth aged between 18 and 30, in the city of Dehloran in 2017. The theoretical foundation of the present study was the views of major experts in social capital, including Putnam, Coleman, Bourdieu, and Mazlow.  A quantitative correlational research design was utilized for this study. The population included all the youth aged between 18 and 30, from which 400 were selected as the sample through cluster sampling. To collect the required data, the standard questionnaires of social capital used in the NationalCenter for Social Observatory (2015), and the modified Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were employed. To test the hypotheses, multiple regression and structural equation modeling (Lisrel software) as well as factor analysis were used. The results suggested that there was a direct positive relationship between social capital (trust, universalism, moral values and attributes, participation, give-and-take, national affiliation, life satisfaction and sense of security) and social Happiness. The size of the relationship was about 57%. The mean values of social capital and social happiness of the sample were 3.90 and 3.68, respectively which was slightly over the medium level. In addition, the relationship between demographic variables (age, marital status, education and gender) and social happiness was investigated. Age, marital status and gender were significantly related to social happiness; while, no relationship was found between education and social happiness.

This article seeks to examine the development of urban residential spaces in Kermanshah in 1996-2016. The theoretical framework of the research is based on Lefebvre’s views on production of space. The research method is qualitative and the data collection technique includes observation, interviews, and evidence analysis. The findings of the research indicate that the city has undergone external growth in different directions, especially northeast, northwest, southwest, and east during this time. Natural population growth and rural and urban immigration to Kermanshah are of the main reasons for the growth of the city in this period. Three processes have played a part in the development of the residential spaces of this period. First, the government-funded residential apartments policy, which stimulated the growth of Pardis, Dolatabad, Danesh, and Kianshahr towns. These towns brought about the dispersal and disruption of urban space. Also, due to a shortage of substructural facilities and public space, they are devoid of urban life. Neighborhood identity has yet to be developed there, and people tend to stay in their houses. Secondly, the growth of informal settlements of Darederaz, Nookan, Karnachi, and Dehpahn enjoy more dynamism in daily life in spite of the lack of substructures and shortage of facilities. Thirdly, the economic and recreational functions of the new residential spaces have made their interaction with the interurban arcades inevitable. Additionally, it has brought about the growth of the phenomenon of Alley Life, defined as spending one’s free time in alleys near their residence, as a tactic of resistance against the shortage of recreational space in the informal settlements.

Regarding the increase in the incidence of risky behavior among young people, the present study has investigated the impact of social alienation as a risk factor in the tendency toward risky behavior in the City of Mashhad. In this research, Agnew’s General Strain Theory, Sutherland’s theory of Differential Association, Hirschi and Gottfredson’s Social Control Theory, and Seeman’s Social Alienation Theory were used as the theoretical framework. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey. A total sample size of 384 individuals from Mashhad were interviewed in the present analysis. Respondents were selected using the cluster random sampling method. The instrument used was a questionnaire. In this regard, reliability and validity of the scale were assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and content validity. The findings showed that risky behavior among boys was higher than girls, but there was no significant difference between social alienation of boys and girls. There was no significant relationship between age and risky behavior and social alienation. The mean of risky behavior among single participants in terms of tendency to alcohol, tendency towards violence, tendency to sexual behavior and risk-driving tendency was higher than that of married participants, and the average amount of social alienation in dimensions of social isolation and self-denial of single participants was higher than that of the married participants. The results showed that social alienation and its dimensions have a direct and significant effect on risky behavior and its dimensions.

Social happiness refers to behavior that is demonstrated by expressive and behavioral modes to convey a sense of passion and vigor, and contribute to enhanced relaxation of people. This paper uses a social well-being approach and a pragmatism strategy underlined by a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative step, the descriptive survey and in the qualitative step, the point interpolation (spatial analysis) have been used to analyze behavioral and expressive modes of social happiness. In this research, purposeful sampling consistent with the size of each area and the spatial and regional sampling methods was utilized. The data collection was based on thematic analysis (open and axial coding), statistical descriptive, and spatial analysis. Semi-deep interviews and self-administered questionnaires along with urban maps were used to collect data. The study area covered urban areas of Mashhad in the first half of the year 2018. The unit of analysis was family, in the quantitative step, the participants, in the qualitative step, and urban areas, at the level of spatial analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for the research items (α=0.80). The main categories of the qualitative procedures with emphasis on warm

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between communication patterns and marital trust among married users in cyberspace from Langroud city in order to create social and welfare policies in family discourse and to develop programs focusing on the role of social workers in educating couples and families before and after marriage. The theoretical framework of this research is the system theory, communication theory, Bowlby's attachment theory and Giddens’s trust theory. The research method was a survey and the data were collected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method using the Rample and Holmes Trust (TS) and the Christensen and Salavi (CPQ) questionniares, as well as demographic questionnaires. The sample size includes 382 cyberspace users in Langroud. For analyzing the inferential data, chi-square correlation, v-Cramerz and gamma correlation tests were used in SPSS version 23 software. The novelty of this study was to em[3]phasize preventive policies based on the promotion of positive male and female communication patterns in order to reduce the social harm of cybernetics by educating married peoples on appropriate communication patterns. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the subscales of communication patterns and the subscales of marital trust as well as the total amount of marital trust. In addition, the results of this study showed that the use of cyberspace indirectly and through communication patterns that couples choose in their married life are associated with marital trust and in fact, the reduction or increase of trust among married users of cyberspace is due to the consequences of the type of communication patterns the couple select.  In conclusion, the study recommended a focus on prevention policies related to improving positive marietal communication patterns through education programs to reduce social problems in cyberspace.

In this study, we aimed to investigate effective family factors on girls’ social empowerment. For this aim, 192 admitted girls to the Omid-E-Mehr institution were selected by random sampling. The theoretical framework of the current study included the Resource Theory of Blood and Wolf, Empowerment Theory of Sara Lange and the family management theory of Anthony Giddens. The data were collected through a standard questionnaire and was analyzed by SPSS using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Descriptive results showed that 82 percent of participants are at an average level in social empowerment. Hypothesis testing indicated that there is a significant relationship between the patterns of household management, mothers’ views of gender-based roles and girls’ social empowerment. While there is no significant correlation between the social status of the father and the girls’ social empowerment. Regarding the significant correlation between “Mothers' views toward Gender Roles” and “Family Management Patterns” variables, a multiple regression analysis was used simultaneously with a dependent variable. The results of this study showed that the effect of the theoretical model on the dependent variable was significant. So views of mothers toward gender roles could explain more than 30% of the variance in girls’ social empowerment. It should be noted that the variable of “the family management model” did not have a significant effect. The results show that socio-cultural policies should emphasize the development and expansion of educational and cultural programs in order to improve the influence of the role of mothers on the girls’ social empowerment.