مجله دانشکده بهداشت و انستیتو تحقیقات بهداشتی
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 66، تابستان 1398)

Food-borne diseases, with an upward trend worldwide, are a major public health issue. On the other hand, resistance to antimicrobial agents is also a global problem. Thus, a knowledge of antibiotic resistance is vital for the proper treatment of food-borne diseases. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency, antimicrobial resistance and serotyping of Shigella-contaminted food samples in foodborne disease outbreaks in Iran.

This was a descriptive study including 1012 fecal swab samples from 239 foodborne disease outbreaks in different provinces of Iran during the period 2005-6. The isolated Shigella samples were transferred to a microbiology laboratory for microbial culture, serogrouping and antibiogram tests.

Out of the1012 fecal swabs collected 29 (2.86%) isolates contained Shigella. The largest Shigella outbreaks (20.6%) were found to have ocurred in 3 provinces, namely,Esfahan, Kurdistan and Semnan. The most common clinical symptoms were abdominal cramping, vomiting, nausea and non-bloody diarrhea. Th frequency of contamination with Shigella Sonnei and  Shigella flexneri was 16 (55.2%) and 13 (44.8%), repectively. The rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin was reported to be 3.4%.

Considering the frequency of food contamination with Shigella in the summer and its  in resistence to ciprofloxacin, assessment of its antimicrobial resistance are very important as regards reduction in treatment costs and taking action to control and prevent the disease.

Happiness and benevolence in individual life and satisfaction in marital life are very important from a social point of view. Happiness is one of the most important factors for strengthening and sustainability of marital relationships.

A thorough search was done in the following data banks using the Persian and English key words happiness, marital satisfaction and Iran: Magiran, Pubmed, Web of Science, IranDoc, IranMedex and SID. In the initial search, 41 articles were found and studied. After reviewing the full texts of the articles, 8 papers were finally selected for analysis. Data were analyzed using the Revman software, the statistical test being meta-analysis (random effects model).

In the 8 articles (published during the period 2006-2018) which were analyzed, the total number of study participants was 1563. The means of the completed Oxford happiness and Enrich's marital satisfaction questionnaires were 57.3 and 137.2, respectively

Based on the findings, it is concluded that there is a positive correlation between happiness and marital satisfaction of couples in Iran.Therefore, implementing appropriate educational and public health programs is necessary to strengthen the underlying factors of hope and happiness in order to increase the life satisfaction of couples and reduce family conflicts and divorces.

The present study aimed to determine the stages of changes and cognitive and behavioral processes (Transtheorical model) in the use of nutrients in overweight middle-aged women.

The present study was a descriptive-analytic. The research sample consisted of 281 middle-aged women with overweight referring to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan. Personal characteristics, stage of change and behavior and cognitive behavioral processes, and FFQ questionnaire (168-item) were completed by Questioning, and then the information entered the N4 and SPSS 18 software, and information was analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests.

57.7% of the people were inactive (pre-thinking, thinking, preparation) and 42.3% of them were in active phase. There was a significant difference between the different stages of change and the use of behavior change processes (p=0.001) And Benfrown's test shows the increasing use of cognitive and behavioral processes during the stage of change in use of nutrients (p<0.001).

The difference in the mean of changes processes during the stage of change show the impact of these processes on the nutritional individual's behavior, which is recommended to use stage of change and behavioral change processes for education nutrition behavioral.

Accreditation is one of the important measures in the evaluation of health services. Today, the issue of accreditation has been established with the aim of creating and promoting a safety culture and quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of accreditation on key and performance indicators of public hospitals in Zahedan before and after its implementation.

This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in 1396 in governmental hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (Khatam-ol-Anbia and Ali ibn Abi Talib, AS). All of the key indicators of hospital performance were evaluated two years before the implementation of the accreditation (years 1391-1392) and two years after the implementation of the accreditation (1394-1395) in these hospitals. Data was collected using a form designed for study purposes. Descriptive statistics, tables and descriptive charts were used to draw information.
 

Based on the results of the study, the duration of stay of patients after the implementation of the accreditation scheme in hospitals has improved somewhat and decreased by 0.5 days to 4 days in 1395. The rate of cesarean delivery has risen from 49.2% in 1391 to 56.8 in 1395. The percentage of flat occupancy has risen to over 90 percent in 1395. The bed rotation distance was reduced by 31.1%, and releasing by personal desire in 1395 was 9% lower than in 1394. The personal satisfaction score of the emergency releasing by personal desire also dropped by 7%. It should be noted that there was no change in the net mortality index before and after the validation.

Accreditation has had a favorable impact on hospital performance indicators of course, the implementation of the healthcare reform plan may also have an impact on this. In general, the implementation of accreditation in the hospitals of the country can reduce the problems in this sector and provide more quality services to clients. Also, for better implementation of this program, emphasis on mortality and cesarean section rates can lead to improved hospital performance.

This research was conducted of determining and comparing the heavy metals of zinc, iron, manganese, copper, nickel and vanadium in summer in waters and sediments of Naseri wetland in Khuzestan province, 2017.

Sampling of water and sediments from three areas of north, central and southern Naseri wetland was carried out in summer. In order to measure heavy elements, the ICP-OES model Varian 710-ES was used to measure the induction plasma (ICP) and its composition by mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

The average concentration of heavy metals in Naseri wetland water was obtained at station 3 above the first and second stations. Zinc, iron, copper and vanadium were lower in the wetland water than national and international standards, but higher levels of manganese and nickel were obtained. The average of the concentrations of the studied metals except the nickel in the surface sediments of the wetland in the second station was higher than the first and third stations. Ni was found higher in the sediments of the third station.

The results of calculating the contamination factor showed that heavy metals were zinc, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium and copper in low pollution levels. The degree of contamination of the studied metals also showed that pollution of Nasseri wetland sediments was low. The degree of contamination of modified heavy metals indicates very low contamination of sediments of Naseri wetland. The ecological risk of zinc, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and copper was in the low-risk category. The total ecological risk of heavy metals at the stations was also classified as low risk.

Along with the expansion of health systems, the importance of primary health care as the basis of an efficient health system is more evident and the quality of the provided services at this level becomes more important. In this way, the present study attempts to collect patterns used to improve the quality of primary health care.

The present study is a systematic review. The advanced search was done in the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, SID, MagIran, IranDoc, and Google Scholar databases in title, abstracts and keywords fields. Inclusion criteria include a comprehensive attitude, focus on primary health services, English or Persian language, published between 2006 and 2018. Exclusion criteria include studies that focus outside of primary health care. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the JBI checklist. Two independent researchers conducted the task of selecting studies, extracting data and evaluating the quality of studies, and disagreement cases were resolved by the third researcher.

After screening and reviewing the criteria for the entry of 10095 studies, 11 studies were finally included. The quality of the four studies was evaluated average and the rest of the quality was high. Two studies have provided patterns for improving the quality of primary health care, three evaluated the effectiveness of quality improvement tools, and five presented conceptual frameworks.

A total of eight types of systems extracted to assess and improve the quality of primary health services. Studies on primary health care have been used at various levels of personal, professional, practical and national policy, and have developed models, tools and frameworks that each of them can be used separately or combined for different situations with regard to the limitations and facilities mentioned and improve health outcomes.

In recent years bullying behaviors among school adolescent have risen and have raised concerns for psychologists, teachers and their families around the world. The use of bullying control methods in schools is important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bullying control training program on health promotion behaviors in bullying adolescents in Tehran.

The statistical population consisted of students aged 12 to 17 years old in public schools in Tehran. A total of 40 subjects (20 controls and 20 experimental groups) were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control groups. Using a pilot, pre-test, post-test and one month follow up with the control group, Hartler's bullying questionnaire and health promotion behaviors were implemented on both groups. Then, experimental testing of bullying control training was performed in 8 sessions on the experimental group and after the completion of the sessions the post-test was presented to both groups. After that, a month's follow-up was carried out. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of repeated measurements was performed using SPSSV22 software.

The results showed that the cognitive-behavioral bullying control training program on health promotion behaviors between the two groups was significantly different in three stages (p<0.05).

According to the results of this study, bullying control education can be effective on health promotion behaviors of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years and can be used to improve their health. Parents, teachers, managers and other professionals can learn from these trainings.

Bullying is one of the most common problems among teenagers in many schools around the world, which is recently considered by researchers in the fields of psychology and even criminology as a traditional and cyber bullying.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the rate of traditional and cyber bullying among male and female teenagers in the secondary schools of Herat-Afghanistan three levels;first, second and third ones.

This paper was analyzed by quantative method and random sampling which used questionnaire such as bullying ,Punchin,Hindouja,llinios and Aleous questionnaire in Traditional and Cyber by using Spss software.The research sample included 360 students from the first, second and third grades of high schools in the city of Herat.

The results of follow-up tests (Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney) with a significant level of less than 0.5 and 0.01 showed that the prevalence of traditional and cyber bullying among female students was higher than male students.On the other hand, there is a significant difference between traditional bullying and social dimension grades of the tenth -eleventh and eleventh-twelfth.The prevalence traditional of bullying in the eleventh grade is less than tenth and twelfth grades.

The results of the research indicate that students whose fathers are farmers are more bullied than other jobs.The results also showed that the prevalence of bullying in students whose mothers are housewives are lower than those students whose mothers are employed. Father's education does not affect student bullying, in addition the results of the study showed that cyber bullying rates are higher among students whose mothers are educated than illiterate mothers.