نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 52 (تابستان 1398)

Emotion regulation plays an important role in responding to possible stresses and crises, especially among adolescents, So, it is important to examine the role of effective factors in the development of emotion regulation. Current study investigated the role of attachment and family functions in prediction of emotion regulation in adolescents. A sample of adolescents between the age of 14 to 17, selected based on multi-level cluster sampling, completed a battery of questionnaires including family function assessment, inventory of parent and peer attachment and children and adolescent’s emotion regulation checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the overall function of the family was most important in predicting emotional stability, self-awareness in expressing emotions, emotional expressiveness in suitable situations, emotional flexibility and control and management of emotions. Other family functions’ subscales including behavioral and communication control also played an important role in emotional expressiveness in suitable situations. However, attachment to mother showed weak correlations with several subscales of ERC, did not play a significant role to predict emotion regulation strategies in adolescents. Therefore, the healthy family function can play a crucial role in the formation of emotional stress during adolescence, and prevent many challenges during adolescence.

The women victims of domestic violence do not have a favorable situation in terms of psychological, emotional, marital and overall quality of  life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate  the effectiveness of cognition-based mindfulness therapy on social anxiety, resilience and emotion regulation in women victims of domestic violence. During a pilot study, 32 women victims of domestic violence with social anxiety were selected by using available sampling. They were randomly placed in experimental (16) and control (16) groups. Therapeutic intervention was performed for eight sessions of 90 minutes on the experimental group, and the control group don’t have any training at this stage. The data were collected by questionnaires of domestic violence against women, emotional regulation, social anxiety and vibrational scales. Analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (p<0.01). Cognition-based mindfulness therapy has reduced social anxiety, increased resilience and emotional adjustment in women victims of domestic violence (p<0.01). It seems that cognitive-mindedness has a useful effect on reducing the psychological and emotional problems in violent women. It is important to pay attention to this method of treatment for women victims of domestic violence.

One of the variables that plays a key role in the continuity of dependence, suicide and recurrence is cravings. Drug craving is the most important factor in returning to drug use, and the core of addiction. illness perceptions is also effective in motivating people to cure the issues, such as perceiving the nature, cause, duration and effectiveness of control, treatment and improvement. The aim of this study was survey the role of illness perception and craving in predicting treatment motivation for drug-dependent individuals. For this purpose 150 people were selected by sampling method from drug addiction centers in the city of Shiraz. They were evaluated for perceived illness, craving and motivation for treatment. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that recognition relates positively to therapy outcomes, disease consistency but negatively correlated with craving. Ambivalence relates positively to disease consistency but negatively correlated with craving. Taking Steps elates positively to disease consistency but negatively correlated with craving. The results multiple regression showed that 16% variance of recognition, 10% variance of ambivalence and 15% variance taking steps explained by illness perceptions and  craving.The present study supports the role of perceived disease and craving in predicting the motivation for drug dependent individuals.

Interpersonal problems are the result of the people’s attachment history. In the attachment theory, humans have been designed to aim for basic relationship needs needed for forming a strong bond with an attachment subject that provides security, intimacy and support. Earlier studies show that different interpersonal problems adapt with different attachment styles. The aim of this study is to investigate the interpersonal problems of people based on their attachment styles regarding the moderating role of compassion in couples. Therefore, as a descriptive correlational study, 200 couples were chosen from Tehran through convenient sampling and their attachment styles, self-compassion, and interpersonal problems were evaluated. The results of the regression analysis demonstrated that self-compassion played as a mediator in the relationships between anxious attachment and interpersonal problems and also secure attachment and interpersonal problems. All three variables of attachment style have a linear relationship with interpersonal problems and self-compassion. What’s more, the non-standard beta coefficient for these variables show that the anxious attachment variable weighs more than the rest of the variables. In other words, it can be said that 41% of the changes in the interpersonal problems variable and 61% of them in the self-compassion variable are predicted by this very variable. The result of this study supports the mediating role of compassion amongst attachment styles and the amount of personal problems.

Worry, negative beliefs, rumination and flexibility are important topics in the phenomenon of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Worries are usually activated as a coping strategy in response to the disturbing thoughts. When negative beliefs are activated, a worried person evaluated a thought in a negative manner that is worried about worry. Rumination is similar to worry, with the difference that rumination focuses on the bad feelings of past experiences. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the components of meta-worry, mental rumination and mental flexibility with obsessive spectrum disorder. For this aim, in the descriptive - correlation research among all staff of Medical Sciences University of  Qazvin, 76 people were selected  by convenience sampling method and were tested in terms of mental rumination, contemplation, mindfulness, obsessive-compulsive, custodial, muscular, skin manipulation and practical obsessive-compulsive skills. According to multiple correlation analysis method (focal correlation) and multiple regression, there is a significant relationship between component of meta-worry, mental rumination and mental flexibility with obsessive-compulsive disorder and meta-worry component with obsessive compulsive and body deformity. It is suggested that therapists and specialist with educational programs that involve modifying and changing the meta-cognitive beliefs ineffective will result in the emergence and continuation of obsessive-compulsive behaviors in other obsessive-compulsive disorders that are seriously related to psychological, familial, social and economic harm. Followed, prevented.

Emotional regulation is the process of changing individuals emotions to adapt and adjust to their environment. One of the factors that affects “emotional regulation” is “self-awareness”. “Self-awareness” is the accurate identification of the situation by knowing and controlling of your feelings, thoughts, motivations and behaviors. Some studies shows the weakness of “emotion regulation” and “self-awareness” skills of delinquent adolescents. Regarding the fact that lack of skills in these two variables may be associated with mental disorders, such as conduct disorder, and delinquency, the aim of this study was the comparison of “emotion regulation” and “self- awareness” between normal adolescents and delinquent adolescents of the correctional center in the city of Isfahan. To do this, in a causal-comparative study, 130 delinquent adolescents and 130 normal adolescents were selected using available sampling research method and these two variables were evaluated. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed the significant lower scores of “cognitive assessment”, also “personal and general self-awareness” of delinquent adolescents compared with normal adolescents, However higher scores in terms of “expression inhibition. As a result findings confirmed the differences of “emotional regulation” and “self-awareness” between normal and delinquent adolescents.

Emotion regulation means people’s efforts to influence the type, time and how to experience and express, change the duration or severity of behavioral, empirical and physical processes of emotions and have been automatically or controlled, conscious or non-conscious done by using emotion regulation strategies, such as reappraisal, rumination of thoughts, self-expression, avoidance and inhibition. Emotional self-regulation refers to one’s own efforts to change the situation, including thoughts, emotions, impulses, desires and behaviors and attention processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional self- regulation and resilience with coping styles for stress among students. For this purpose, in a descriptive and correlational study, a sample of 236 students from the University of Roudehen was selected through accessible sampling method and in terms of the coping strategies, cognitive emotion regulation and resilience was tested. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression approach showed that problem-focused coping style could be significantly and positively predicted by resilience. Among the emotional self- regulation strategies, rumination and catastrophizing predict negatively and refocus on planning and positive reappraisal predict positively and significantly problem-focused coping style. Emotion-focused coping style could be negatively and significantly predicted by resilience.Among emotional self- regulation strategies, blaming oneself and others predict positively and accepting and taking a view predict negatively and significantly emotion-focused coping style.

Type D personality is susceptible for concern, tension, unhappiness and dark and negative view to the life. They easily get angry and in general experience less positive emotions, and this status may create problems in the process of therapy of chronic diseases or add difficulties thereto. This research aims to investigate the share of personality type elements (negative emotion and social inhibition) in disease perception of cancer patients. For this purpose, in a descriptive study of correlation type, 176 cancer patients of Shohadaye Tajrish and Imam Hospitals were selected as convenience sample and were assessed with regards to psychological traits, D type personality and attitude to therapy. The results of regression analysis of points indicated that high D type personality, negative emotion and social inhibition are associated with disease perception, and its subtests including consequences, timeline, personal control, disease control, identity, concern, disease understanding and emotional representation. Regression analysis indicated that the points of type D personality justify 71% of variance of disease perception points. Accordingly, whatever D type personality in them is higher, they have worse perception of their disease and its related aspects. Therefore, the effect of high D type personality should be taken into consideration in continue of treatment process of cancer patients.