مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار 1398)

Detecting the abnormal performance of diabetes and subsequently getting proper treatment can reduce the mortality associated with the disease. Also, timely diagnosis will result in irreversible complications for the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the status of diabetes mellitus using data mining techniques.

This is an analytical study and its database contains 254 independent records based on 13 characteristics. Data is collected by a researcher from one of the specialized diabetes centers in Mashhad.

After preprocessing of the obtained data, different methods of pattern recognition were applied. Using multilevel MLP neural networks, LVQ neural networks, SVM support vector and Kmeans clustering method, the mean square error (RMSE) was calculated. The correctness of each learner's performance is 94%, 92%, 96%, and 93%, respectively.

Reducing the diagnosis of diabetes is one of the goals of the researchers. Using data mining techniques can help to reduce this error. In this study, among different protocols used for pattern recognition, SMV method displayed a significantly better performance.

The American Psychiatrists Association has inserted Internet gaming disorder into Section III of DSM-V. The IGD-20 test has been introduced as a tool for investigating IGD. This study aims to assess the validity of the Persian version of IGD-20 test.

In this methodological study, 394 undergraduate students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were included using Convenience sampling method. The data were collected using social demographic form, Persian version of IGD-20 test, Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, and gambling behaviors form. A confirmatory factor analysis using the AMOS 22 was applied to examine the construct validity of the tool. Also face, content and criterion validity, internal consistency and test retest reliability of the scale were evaluated.

Content validity led to the revising of one of scale items appropriate to Iranian culture. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the good fit of the six-factor model to the data((P<0.001) CMIN / DF = 2.503., RMSEA = 0.043, CFI = 0.936).  The IGD-20 test revealed good internal consistency (α=0.91) as well as two weeks test–retest reliability (r=0.94). Criterion validity was revealed by a significant correlation between IGD and the scores of Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale and also duration of gaming during the day (R=0.13, P<0.05 and, R= 0.35, P <0.001, respectively).

It seems that this scale is a valid and reliable tool and can be used for research purposes in Iranian students.

Water is an important and vital factor for human activity and   is considered as one of the most important sources for development of countries. Due to the issues related to the water quality, this study was performed based on the two indices in order to evaluate the water quality and to take effective strategies for water consumption.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in four seasons in 2017. Samples were collected from different points of Mashkyd dam lake in the Siban and Suran city. After analysis of samples, obtained data was used for evaluating water quality r using the Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and Surface Water Quality Index (IRWQISC).

The water quality of Mashkyd dam based on the IRWQISC index was “relatively good” in all stations in spring and it was “good quality” grade in other seasons. Also, according to the NSFWQI index, the water quality was “moderate quality” in all stations and all seasons.  

Based on the international and national indices, the water quality of Mashkyd dam is usable for agricultural activity and conventional water treatment methods are sufficient to achieve the standard drinking water.

The consumption of food materials containing aflatoxin and saturated and trans fats can cause the occurrence of disease in human. The present study was done to evaluate the frequency of B1, B2, G1 and G2 aflatoxins and fatty acids in traditional sweet samples of Yazd city.

108 sweet samples including Louz, Baghlava and Ghotab were purchased from the shopping centers of Yazd city and transferred to the laboratory. Frequency of fatty acids and also different aflatoxins were studied using Gas Chromatography and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, respectively.

Baghlava had the highest amount of saturated fatty acids (28.76 ± 2.63%) and Louz had the lowest (27.34 ± 2.51%). Ghotab had the highest amount of trans fatty acids (2.11 ± 0.18%) and Baghlava had the lowest (0.84 ± 0.05%). The highest amounts of B1 and G1 aflatoxins were found in Louz (0.78 ± 0.065 ppb) and Baghlava (0.39 ± 0.022 ppb) and the highest amounts of B2 and G2 aflatoxins were found in Louz (0.32 ± 0.018 ppb) and Baghlava (0.15 ± 0.011 ppb) samples, respectively.

Amount of aflatoxin in samples were lower than rate announced by the Iranian Institute of Standards (15 ppb) but considering the high content of saturated and trans fatty acids and the high consumption of traditional sweet, the use of high-quality raw materials is recommended to reduce the amount of harmful fatty acids and mycotoxins.

Background &

Nowadays, one of the most important indicators in evaluating the performance of hospital services is the satisfaction of patients with the provided services. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients' satisfaction with hospital services after health evolution plan in hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. The statistical population consisted of hospitalized patients with hospital stay of more than 2 days in 7 educational hospitals. The required information was collected from 980 patients through “the questionnaire of Iran national institute of health research about patients’ satisfaction with inpatient services ". Data analysis was performed with Stata software version 14.

Approximately 92% of patients were satisfied with the admission process in public hospitals. More than 84% of hospitalized patients rated the quality of hospital welfare services as appropriate. Also, 35.5% and 54.1% of the patients were satisfied with the behaviors of physicians and nurses and their responsiveness to their needs. More than 70% of the patients were satisfied with the amount of coinsurance payment after the implementation of health evolution plan. Many of the patients were dissatisfied with the process of complaints.

The overall satisfaction level of the services offered by hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah university of Medical Sciences after the implementation of the health sector evolution plan is desirable and acceptable. Given the patient's dissatisfaction with the process of complaints in hospitals, it is necessary to design and perform related programs to facilitate this process.

Increasing of air pollution in cities seriously threatens the health of its inhabitants.  PM2.5, PM10 and volatile organic compounds are amongst the air pollutants that their existence in the air in excess concentrations, leads to respiratory and cardiovascular problems, cancer and mortality. Therefore, the concentration of these pollutants in the air of Gorgan city was measured and zoned.

The present study is an observational and cross-sectional descriptive work during which the concentration of mentioned pollutants were measured at 8 stations in different parts of the city for 12 months between June 2016 and May 2017. The obtained results were zoned in the Arc View ver: 10.3.

The results showed that PM2.5 emission is higher at the square of the shahrdari, mazandaran and jahad depot and the maximum emission of PM10 and volatile organic compounds were found at the Sayed Masoud station. Generally, the average monthly concentration of each pollutant during one year, was higher in the cold seasons. The average annual amount of PM2.5, PM10 and volatile organic compounds was 30, 41 µg/m3 and 0.81 ppm, respectively which amounts to PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds according to the EPA standard and the clean air was more than limit standard.

Therefore, regarding the adverse effects of these pollutants on human health and the environment, and in order to reduce the release of these chemicals into the air, policies and control measures should be taken.

Endocrine tumors are amongst the neoplasms with low prevalence that are found most often in the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and infrequently in the lymph nodes of the inguinal region.

In this report a 42-years woman who referred to a doctor with a chief complaint about the presence of a mass in the right thigh. The mass was removed by surgery and after being sampled and tested, referred to an oncologist. Pathological examinations indicated a metastasis of carcinoma with unknown origin. According to results of immunohistochemical staining, Neuroendocrine Grade 1 tumor was detected with Ki 67 index = 1%. Except for ultrasound that was indicating the presence of a non-cancerous cyst in the left breast, the rest of the blood tests and imaging did not mention a particular problem. Since this tumor was reported without the involvement of other organs and initially in the lymph node of the inguinal region and after the removal of the mass, patient status was reported to be stable, no specific treatment was performed and only follow up was done for the patient.

Regarding the low prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors and the clinical similarity to other cases, accurate clinical examinations, in particular, specific staining, can be useful for precise diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.

Bilirubin belongs to a phylogenetically old superfamily of tetrapyrrolic compounds. Although for decades bilirubin was believed to be only a waste product of the heme catabolic pathway and a potentially toxic compound; recent data has convincingly demonstrated that mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels are strongly associated with a lower prevalence of oxidative stress-mediated diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, cancer and all-cause mortality. Therefore, bilirubin is emerging as a ‘health- promoting’ molecule and the role of bilirubin as a biological predictor in the risk assessment of chronic disorders is of great medical and economic importance. In the present review, detailed information on the association between bilirubin and all-cause mortality, as well as the pathological conditions of CVD, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and organ transplantation is provided. All of these pathological conditions represent an important threat to human civilization, being the major killers in developed countries, with a steadily increasing prevalence. Thus, it is extremely important to search for novel markers of these diseases, as well as for finding new therapeutic modalities to reverse this unfavorable situation. Thus, it is suggested to consider bilirubin in clinical trials as a molecule which may be involved in resistance to diseases.