مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 86، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398)

Diabetes is a metabolic abnormality in the body caused by the high activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates to glucose. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, play a key role in controlling diabetes. Thymus vulgaris is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae with a chromosome number of 2n = 30. The essential oil of this plant has phenolic compounds such as thymol, carvacrol, cymene, linalool, and pinene. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the main compounds found in the thyme extract on the activity of alpha-glucosidase by in vitro methods.

Extract was used to dissolve thyme powder in distilled water solution. The inhibitory effect of the extracts on the activity of alpha-glucosidase enzyme was investigated. In this experiment, the concentration of each extract that was required to inhibit 50% of the enzyme activity (IC 50) was obtained and compared with the needed acarbose as a positive control.

the results showed that aqueous extract of thyme Thymus vulgaris in all three concentrations (40, 20, 10, and 5 mg/ml) can inhibit the enzyme. And as expected, the concentration of 40 mg / ml was exercised the highest inhibitory effect on the enzyme. IC50 of aqueous extract of thyme Thymus vulgaris was equal to 29%.

Considering the effectiveness of plant extract compounds in in silico and in vitro studies, for supplemental studies, the effect of these plant compounds can be analyzed in vivo conditions.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 12 weeks interval training with high and moderate intensity on PGC-1α of skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetic male rats.

40 male rats were divided into two groups: High fat diet (HFD) (n=32) and standard diet (C) (n=8) for 10 weeks. After inducing type2 diabetes via STZ, 8 diabetic rats (D) and 8 rats in group C rats sacrificed and the remaining 24 Rats were randomly assigned to three groups of diabetic control (DC), moderate intensity interval training (MIIT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT).The MIIT protocol includes 13 bouts of 4-minute activity with equivalent intensity of 60-65% vo2max  and the HIIT protocol includes 10 bouts of 4-minute activity with equivalent intensity of 85-90% vo2max with 2 minute active rest periods that was applied for 12 weeks, 5 sessions per week. Western Blot method was used to measure PGC-1α protein levels.

The results showed that PGC-1α protein levels were significantly lower in the D group compared to the HC group. In contrast, the HIIT protocol resulted in an increase in protein levels of PGC-1α compared to DC2 group. While MICT had no significant effect on protein levels of PGC-1α (P <0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the two training groups (P<0.05).

It seems that the intensity of interval training plays an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle PGC-1α and possibly mitochondria biogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats.

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the onset and development of diabetes Complications, Including diabetic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of dichloroacetate (DCA) on SOD and GPX expression following six weeks’ endurance training in cardiac muscle of diabetic male rats.

In this experimental study, 64 male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into eight groups after streptozotocin (STZ) solution diabetic treatment. The endurance training protocol was performed on a treadmill for 6 weeks. In the present study, for Inhibition of PDK4 in the cardiac muscle, intraperitoneal injection of DCA of 50 mg/ kg body weight was used. Gene expressions were measured by Real-Time PCR method. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to analyze the data.

The results of the study showed that after endurance training, PDK4 gene expression increased and SOD and GPX genes expression in training endurance + diabetic group and endurance training group decreased compared to control group (P <0.05). By Inhibition of PDK4, the of SOD and GPX genes expression increased in DCA + training endurance + diabetic group and DCA + endurance training group compared to control group (P <0.05).

According to the results of this study, DCA injections may reduce the recurrence of free radicals induced by endurance training in diabetic patients by mitochondrial adaptation. Which can reduce the oxidative stress in the heart tissue of diabetic patients and increase cardiac efficiency.

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that children and adolescents do not have the ability to care for themselves, despite having enough information about their self-care (nutrition, insulin, exercise, etc.). Self-care, such as any behavior, can be influenced by the way of thinking, and the philosophy teaching method can be a suitable educational tool for changing thinking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching cognitive errors by philosophy for children on increasing the Well-being and reducing the cognitive errors and the level of glucose in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

The research method was quasi-experiment with pre-test post-test control group (waiting list) design. The sample included 22 children and adolescents of the Iranian Diabetes Association who responded to the cognitive errors scale of children and adolescents Quinn et al., Well-being Questionnaire (WHO-5) and blood glucose (A1C). To test the hypotheses, MANCOVA was used.

The result of MANCOVA was significant. Subsequently, there were significant differences between cognitive errors (F (17,1) =9/01, P=0/008) and Well-being (F (17,1) =7/4, P=0/01) between two groups, but the level of blood glucose (F= (17,1) =0/01, P=0/8) was not significant.

Learning cognitive errors in the philosophy for children and adolescents leads to the growth of reasoning, the rational thinking of children and adolescents, and helps them to take care of themselves in conditions of failure, stress and anxiety, and improves their emotional well-being. However, it seems that it takes longer to effect on blood glucose.

Inflammation plays an important role in the incidence and development of metabolic disorders and exercises along with dietary restrictions for weight loss. It has beneficial effects on reducing inflammatory markers, especially in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined exercise (resistance-aerobic) with and without diet restriction on weight loss on some inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α and ICAM-1) in elderly men with type 2 diabetes.

42 elderly men with type 2 diabetes (age: 67.6 ± 2.2, weight: 85.2 ± 7.4, BMI: 28.2 ± 0.2) after homogenization based on serum levels Glucose and mass index were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: Combined exercise (15), combined exercise with weight loss diet (14), and weight loss diet alone (n = 13). The combined exercise program included aerobic training with 50-70 percent of reserved heartrate and resistance training included chest press, cable pull-down, machine leg extention and machine lying leg curl on 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks.

After 12 weeks of intervention, there was a significant decrease in serum inflammatory markers levels (CRP, ICAM-1 and TNF-α) in the post-test compared to the pre-test in all three groups (P<0.001). However, bonferroni post-hoc analysis showed that combined exercise with diet compared to combined exercise and dietary restriction alone had more effects on reducing CRP, ICAM-1 and TNF-α (P<0.001). In addition, reduction of ICAM-1 (P<0.001) and TNF-α (P<0.001) after combined exercise compared to dietary restriction and CRP reduction after dietary restriction than combined exercise was significantly higher (P<0.001).

It suggested that in elderly type 2 diabetic patients, caloric restriction-induced weight loss with combine exercise is more appropriate for modulating of endothelial biomarkers and Inflammation dysfunctional levels than resisted exercise training or aerobic training alone.

Physical activity is an effective stimulant for improving the health of elderly people with metabolic syndrome by increasing energy consumption and thus reducing body fat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of high intensity circuit training (HICT) on serum BDNF and Irisin levels and body weight in elderly women with metabolic syndrome in Khorramabad city.

In this semi-experimental study, 18 females (age 71.00 ± 6.17 years; weight 62.22 ± 9.18 kg; height 153.67 ± 3.27 cm) with metabolic syndrome voluntarily participated. During their daily routine, the subjects participated in an 8-week HICT protocol that performed 3 sessions per week. 24 hours before the training protocol and 48 hours after the training protocol, the fasting blood sample was taken by the laboratory expert between 7:30 minutes to 8 hours. ELISA kits were used to measure serum levels of BDNF and Irisin. The paired-Samples T test was used to identify any significant differences and statistical significance was set at p < .05.

The results showed a significant increase in serum BDNF (p = .001) and Irisin (p = .033) levels and significant decrease in body weight (p = .001) in comparison with pre-test values in elderly women with metabolic syndrome.

High intensity circuit training in elderly women with metabolic syndrome increases serum BDNF and Irisin concentrations and possibly, the increase in these two factors can have beneficial effects on the lipid profile and finally body weight of these individuals.