فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 34، بهار 1398)

Abstract This research is conducted using an analytical-descriptive approach with the aim of studying the spatial distribution of urban public services and ranking of Tehran's urban areas in terms of services. To achieve this goal, planning models including factor analysis, combined method of human development index, taxonomy model and standardization method have been used. The computational findings in the combined model of the human development index of regions 3, 1 and 22, respectively, have the highest degree of development, and areas 8, 17 and 14 are in the lowest development. The results of the factor analysis of region 22 are the highest and the 14th region is ranked lowest in 22 regions. Based on the output of the taxonomy model, Region 3 is ranked first, Region 1 is ranked second and 10th is the last rank. According to the findings of the standardization model, regions 3, 1, and 22 are the most developed and the 14th, 10th and 17th most deprived areas Areas are. Using the cluster analysis model, the areas of Tehran were clustered based on the numerical value of the regions in the models used. Based on the results of the above model, regions 3, 1, 12, 22, 6 and 21 with a final score of 66 and above The first cluster was identified as over-development regions and regions 14, 10, 8, and 17 with a final score of 13 and less in cluster 5 and identified as deprived area.

Abstract Governments as upmost authority and legislative of basic factor are regional development. The researcher past displaced regional system imbalance in Iran as basic problem and in the meantime Iran government role as main conversional was included in regional development. The search method this paper is descriptive – analytical. The data cumulation method is documental. In beginning Iran government role specify in regional development after Islamic revolution, then with detaes 25 indicators of economic – social to models antropy shnon and topsis rank province of Iran in decades 90s and 2010s. Great government nature (governmentalism) retained in first decade of the revolution, notwithstanding, performance of Structural adjustment program in decades 90s. in spite of regional heavy imbalance in this decade, least regional development proceeding for the reason that neoclassic nature of Structural adjustment accomplished in sazandegi state period. Regional development proceeding in reformation state period with governmentalism and centralized become less effect in ninth and tenth state period. Therefore necessity of equilibrate of Iran regional unbalanced system with addition 31 degrees of weight development of Tehran (first province) then Kurdistan(end province) is needed evolution in government structure and function based good government pattern as basic strategy in national and regional level.

Long ago, finding the best location for setting up of resource and equipments has been the most important part of urbanities and local plainings. In general, the best locality for setting up of sources and equipments is the place where be able to use either the best qualitative or the best quantitative. Among these, lavatoryis one of these basic part of urbanities equipments that has been forgotten in Ahvaz city because of mismanagement of urbanities management which has been made a lot of problems for Ahvaz citizens.This essay with emphesise on this case is followed location of this base in Ahvaz city by using geographic information system and analyse hierarchical process model. The procedure of this work, is also descriptive analyse with functional base and source collection of data and information is also tourism plans and rank plan of(city) urban. By using of these resources we can in traduce models for location of lavatorie. the conclusions of this study shows ahvaz city is faced by Shortage of lavatory locatins and needs new locations for establishing lavatories especially in tourism seasons (times).

Abstract In the southern part of the protected area with an area of Karkheh about 4822 ha, the area around the city of Shush and the North-Western Province of Khuzestan province is located. This study aim to Evaluation of carrying capacity in ecotourism development in the southern part of the protected area. Therefore, in order to identify after the ecological, social and cultural pressures, in a scale of 1:50000 information to Arc GIS software environment were introduced, to produce maps of the criteria and the rating they were ere. First, to produce maps of weighted criteria, and gradated criteria the following criteria and ecological, social and cultural pressures with model analysis of networking (ANP) and Super Decisions software and with the integration of ecological carrying capacity map and cultural- social carrying capacity map and finally the ecotourism carrying capacity map was prepared. The results showed that the physical carrying capacity with the most appropriate amount in be (2398401 visitors per year) and with the medium amount (12946532 visitors per year) and the cultural- social carrying capacity with the lowest amount in the appropriate potential (33534 visitors per year) and in medium potential (1136499 visitors per year) to you Have assigned. The final map indicates that 32% (14058785 m2) of the region high carrying capacity, 42% (18131157 m2) of the region medium carrying capacity and 26% (11249151 m2) of the region has a low carrying capacity.

Abstract Today, climate change is one of the most critical issues that preoccupied the minds of planners and policy makers. One of the most important ways to prevent the continuation of the process of climate change, is attention to the energy debate. Fossil energy increased consumption of fuel and energy for heating and cooling buildings. Hence this study used Terjung- Mahani index to examine the effect of climate on the island vernacular architecture and solutions to create comfort through building design appropriate and consistent with regional climate and thus reduce energy consumption and optimize its consumption to offer. The results show that January and February of air days and nights are very cool and cold months of the year is the best of it after March and December are appropriate. June, July August and September are the most difficult and very warm and overwhelming months of the year. According to the investigations carried out by Mahan in June, July, August and September, the air flow is necessary because the weather is very hot and the air conditioner is in March. According to this method for the distribution of the buildings, the length along the east-west as well as wall and ceiling light would have a thermal insulation. In addition, large windows should be considered in the north and south walls of the building to be protected from the direct rays of the sun.

In this study, in order to trajectory of dust in Sanandaj, at First, the events of dust storm extracted from the meteorological data in the 24-year period (2013-1990 AD) and was statistically analyzed. Then, one dust events that happened in the warm half of year which Lasted for 10 days selected and dust particles in the atmosphere was trajectory using the model HYSPLIT. In order to investigate the events of dust storms in Sanandaj was used for macro-scale of science synoptic and mesoscale science dynamics. The results showes that the number of dust storms in Sanandaj ascending line and gets more events every year; peak of Dust storms happened in the spring and summer and in May month. Outputs of HYSPLIT Model showed that the dust storm, have entered to atmosphere from the deserts of Syria and northern Iraq and the desert of Saudi Arabia had no role in it. The dust particles at 500, 1000 and 1500 meter had a trajectory from Syria and northern Iraq. The study of 700 hpa geopotential and sea level pressure maps showed that lifting the middle levels of the atmosphere, causing create the ridge and the atmosphere of Iran, Syria and Iraq were under control of Subtropical high pressure (STHP) that causing stabilizing the atmosphere of these regions and this conditions caused create the low-pressure system in the Iran and rising the air.

Abstract Tourism industry enjoys assorted capabilities for innovation, entrepreneurship and the creation of job opportunities. The geographic extent and location, diverse and unique tourism resources, and the sovereignty of Free Zone laws could make Qeshm as the leading tourism industry in the country. Despite efforts, Qeshm has not achieved its distinctive position among the tourist destinations, and, tourism entrepreneurship opportunities have not been well exploited. This qualitative study was conducted to identify dimensions and components of tourism entrepreneurship development in Qeshm Island using a data-based theory method, and, 45 tourism experts were interviewed. The obtained data were analyzed in three phases of open, axial and selective coding, and, the factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship were identified. The relation between these factors was demonstrated in the paradigm of tourism entrepreneurship development in the form of socio-cultural factors, human resources, amendments to laws and regulations, economic factors, infrastructures, tourist attractions, and the improvement of sponsors. In the present study, human resources were investigated as the central theme of the process, and, other categories were theoretically connected to it. By providing the dimensions and components of tourism entrepreneurship development in Qeshm, findings of this study in a paradigmatic model could be a basis for the establishment of the tourism ecosystem, and a foundation for creating employment and prosperity of tourism sector in Qeshm Island.

Abstract Tourism is one of the main human needs in order to spend leisure time. From an economic point of view, for many countries, this industry is the main source of income, employment, private sector growth and infrastructure development. One of the attractive tourist areas for people and tourists is nature tourism or ecotourism. Ecotourism refers to a kind of tourism that tourists visit to visit natural resources and natural areas. This type of tourism emphasizes the attractiveness of the environment. This research is a qualitative-quantitative research method (in the framework of mixed research methodology) and from the point of view of applied purpose. At first, by studying the research literature, effective factors in the development of ecotourism were extracted and then, in interviewing the experts, the factors were categorized and then the prioritization was done using interpretive structural modeling. The results show that one of the most important factors that could enhance ecotourism development in this area is proper management. This factor can affect other factors and guide them towards sustainable development of tourism.

Abstract Interest in climate changes has significantly increased in recent decades due to the important economic and social consequences connected with extreme atmospheric occurrences. Hence, analysis of extreme precipitations and related extreme occurrences is of great importance in management of variety of sectors including agriculture, water resources, urbanization and transportation. In the recent research, Aphrodite gridded precipitation data set for the time period from 1951 to 2007 were applied in spatial resolution of 0.25 longitudes by latitude to explore possible trends in extreme precipitation over Karoon basin. The initial matrix of the data in the dimension of 20819*21000 was constructed for whole of the Middle East region in Matlab software. Then the second matrix in the dimension of 20819*100 was extracted from the first matrix that covered the studied region. The rows of this matrix represent the days and the columns show pixels. The selected indices used in this paper including Maximum 1-day precipitation (Rx1), Simple precipitation intensity index(SDII), Number of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 10, 20, and 25 mm(R10mm, R20mm and R25mm), Maximum number of consecutive dry and wet days (CDD and CWD) and Total precipitation when daily amounts are greater than 95th and 99th percentile of wet days(R95p and R99p) have been chosen from the indices recommended by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and then the trend was evaluated using Mann-Kendall nonparametric test. The results illustrate that extreme precipitation trend is positive in the eastern, northern and central regions; while over a small part of the west and south, it was found to be negative. Indices did not follow any specific trend in the west part of Karoon. Not only has frequency of extreme precipitation increased, but also the intensity has been risen during the study period. In other words, the precipitation was concentrated in some days of the year and the high value of precipitation occurred during days with extreme and super-extreme precipitation. The greatest trend was seen in the indices of the simple daily intensity index (SDII), very wet days (0.99p), days with super heavy precipitation (R25) and days with very heavy precipitation (R20. The least upward trend was associated with the consecutive dry days index (CDD).

Abstract Providing housing and improving the quality of urban life of poor and vulnerable communities is one of the important issues in urban studies. The outcomes of these studies can provide useful information for planners. The urban planners' awareness of how their decisions influence the satisfaction of poor sections of the community from urban life will have many benefits. The quality of urban life is usually measured through the mental indices (assessing citizens 'perceptions and citizens' satisfaction with urban living) or using objective indicators (derived from secondary data) and rarely using both types of indicators. The purpose of the present study was to study the quality of living space of the residents of the Kemalvand Meshkan city of Khorramabad city in relation to their living space using the field method. The governing approach is descriptive-analytic research. First, using analytical and documentary methods, data and information were collected through library studies and field survey (questionnaire). In this research, Factor Factor Technique was used to assess and analyze information. Out of 31 variables related to quality of life, 18 items were extracted from KMO. Selected indices were reduced by factor analysis method to five factors, which consisted of 591.291% of the variance. Among the five factors, the environmental, social and institutional factors were 27.84% of the variance in the research. Based on the results, residents' satisfaction is moderate (with a theoretical average of 2.37), which indicates that the residents are not satisfied with the living conditions of the site.

Abstract The design and evaluation of urban spaces, scientists are very attentive to Human basic needs. and all believe that, regardless of These needs, access to space and mobility will be limited considerably. They are influenced By the various factors and gender is one of the most sensitive subject About that issue. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the gender perspective in the design of urban spaces with an emphasis on Urmia narges women’s park. The Research method based on the purpose is applied and according to the nature is Descriptive – analytical. Required information is obtained from two types of visual and no imaging questionnaries. For evaluation and data processing methods of descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the form of SPSS software. The obtained results show that only housewives and religious women tend to use women’s park And the third category of women including working women population and women's fourth category of women who have feminist attitudes and trends, do not want to use of these parks’ type. such a situation about the feeling of safety and security for women applies of the women’s park. Therefore, And regard to the traditional limitations, the project of women’s park is desirable for women’s free use of public Spaces in short term. However, Can’t help the distribution of urban areas in long term fairly. the results of the questionnaire image represents the only significant difference between housewives with men and the other women's groups of the study for choosing elements of the park; then, there is no significant of gender in the choose the elements of parks and it is expected that the park elements is according to the needs of housewives (most visitors to the park Women) And is better that to be paid to present practical solutions for the design and locating the elements to better of the women’s park.

Abstract The crime spatial analysis with the approach of the crime in the face of the crime - ridden is an effective approach to control urban crimes prevention. The necessity of accurate knowledge and understanding the crime - ridden places and highlighting the peak period of some crimes can be helpful in organizing the security forces and the optimum use of minimal force with a maximum function. Present study surveyed urban crimes with the policies towards the hot spots of cities Using spatial analysis and its impact on the prevention of urban crime. The research method has an applicable procedure in quantitative and qualitative aspects and its case study is Babolsar city, data collection in this study is librarian, field and analytical and Gis software was used for data analysis. The range of matching for dense population and location of the crime - ridden in Babolsar city’s level, showed that there is considerable alignment among the population density factor and Crime and the formation of the crimes focus in Babolsar city. On the boulevard range and parking lot “zero to five “ and the range of Javadieh Town and Imamzadeh Ibrahim were known as crowded limits and dense city, which has possibility of control and they are considered as the main crime - ridden focus in babolsar city. These areas, particularly in southern and eastern parts has serious problems, including the structural imbalances in such areas as small pieces of lands, small homes, the low quality of materials and the lack of road network and non - standard construction and lack of infrastructure facilities, as well as the high number of non - native and resident population which destabilize urban life in these districts. This is more visible in eastern region due to the fact that the city's western region has more suitable and also more attentions paid to the social control, and force existence.

Abstract The term means to use the land and includes any type of land used. Studying and recognizing land use underlies the analysis and planning of land use. The title of this article is < The Economic Role And Change Of Land Use In Rural Development In Talesh Tolaroud Village>.  The type of research is descriptive and analytical. Regarding the statistical population on the basis of Cochran Test the number of 375 questionares was used and completed using random sampling. The result of this research showed that changing land use affected more the cultivated lands and caused increasing economic income, improving the condition of houses and increasing the price of land in the villages. It is suggested that encouraging and supporting of the government from the agricultural sector and establishing small manufacturing workshops and developing the population of the villages and supporting agricultural products to improve economics and finally it helps rural development.

Abstract For crop growth and phonological stages of their development requires appropriate environmental conditions of air, water and soil are. This study to evaluate the climate and environment for the province and determine the saffron crops susceptible to these product areas by GIS software is. For this study data from 12 meteorological synoptic stations in the province at a statistical 20-year period (1987-2006) are used. The study by comparison with regression stations province city Torbat Areas of saffron-rich Khuzestan province in Iran similar climate and Torbat of precipitation and temperature were determined and other climatic conditions for the product has been evaluated saffron. This study shows the topography role for plants such as saffron, elevation and slope, northern and eastern province talented and suitable for cultivation of saffron are the product. Khuzestan province away from the northern and northeastern and unfavorable conditions for the cultivation of saffron is faced with constraints.

Abstract Nowadays, the city's main places of work and major life Are human, so that more than 50% of a population of 7 billion people in the world live in cities.Therefore, pay attention to the quality of life, conditions, facilities and the needs of the inhabitants of the cities, a vital issue.Considering the numerous problems of different cities, The attitude to upgrade and improve the conditions of life in them that the proposal is raised and the urban environmental impact is one of them.Nowadays, in most developed countries environmental impact as an ASL discourse in politics within the framework of stability help investment and urban planning the expansion there.The aim of this study was to determine the environmental component of understanding and flexibility in bandramam Khomeini (r.a).Therefore at the beginning of the city area called 5, Faz 1, 4 and 5, sandman, and dastgheib Shahid town settlements were selected randomly.Then rIn the research literature7 environmental indicators, economic, social, cultural, medical and health, the quality of the green space and urban infrastructure was chosen and why was the preparation of the questionnaire and distributed between localities.Then the questionnaires were examined separately.For the analysis, the findings of the researchThe hierarchical model is used.The results of the researchIndicates that the status of quality of life and environment in the region, the status of each vulnerability is not a perfect 5.In between the 7 indicators used, the urban infrastructure of the highest weight and medical and health considerations are the least weight.Between regionsThe study also compared to other parts of the neighborhood, phase 1The optimal situation in Terry.

Abstract Urban land management for rent control is one of the key arena for sustainable development in countries. Hence, the constraints on land supply and supply against the increasing demand of urban populations have created an additional surplus of land and a speculative demand, which has led to higher land prices and, consequently, housing. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate policies to get out of inappropriate rents in urban spaces and have a high status. The present study, using the number of factors affecting the increase in rents, is analyzed in district one in Tehran metropolitan. The research method is descriptive-analytic and uses multi-criteria technique to identify the effective and effective components on rent. The findings show that in the managerial sector, the component of construction density, in the economic sector, the price of land and housing, and in the social sector, the fast population growth component has been associated with increasing components of rents, causing instability in urban management and planning in district one in Tehran metropolitan.

Abstract This research’s aim was assessing the fitness of path analysis model to compare the neighborhood identity of three neighborhoods with different characteristics in Tehran. Velenjak in area 1, Hesarak in area 5 and Vahidieh in area 8 have been studied. Neighborhood identity was dependent variable and independent variables were social capital, lifestyle, physical quality, contemporary capitalist economy, social security and telecommunications. The research method was survey and the data were collected using a questionnaire which was validated by a pre-test. The statistical sample of this study, based on the census of 1390, was estimated using 382 by Cochran formula, and 428 questionnaires were distributed in order to assure and cover invalid responses. The sampling method was classified by the population of neighborhoods from the total population. Sampling was done randomly and SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that based on the multivariate regression model, 30.9% in Velenjak, 53.8% in Hessarak and 62.4% in Vahidieh were explained neighborhood identity changes by independent variables in the model. In all three social districts, social capital had the most impact on neighborhood identity, with the explanation equal in Velenjak was 0.366, in Hesarak was 0.654, and in Vahidieh was 0.522 at 95% confidence level has been. The variable of lifestyle also had the greatest impact on social capital change as an interface variable in the local identity. Finally, the effects of each of the significant variables in explaining neighborhood identity in the three neighborhoods studied in the tables are shown.

Abstract The human resources environment in Iran is not influenced by global change and its goals are changing in line with global developments. Competencies have different benefits for the development of organizations in different regions. In fact, competence is a kind of systematic and evolving attitude that includes all those attributes, characteristics, skills, and attitudes in relation to the effectiveness of tasks and responsibilities. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of key management indicators (personality traits and competencies) on regional development (the study of school administrators in Namin city). The statistical population of the study was 180 teachers in Namin Schools, which were all numbered. For data analysis, simple regression and multiple regression tests were used in SPSS software. The results show that the dimensions of managerial competence have a positive effect on regional development. In general, 55.2% (R2Adj = 0.552) changes in increasing regional development are predictable by the dimensions of managers' merit.

Abstract Indigenous land use for tourism development, including access to the area by creating a convenient transportation network, Increase the quantity and quality of tourism services, educating residents about tourism in the region, Marketing and incentive programs to attract tourists, management and implementation of optimized development plan for tourism. Priority in spatial planning in conjunction with the launch of tourism, exploring the tourist attractions in the area. The aim of this study was to develop strategies for tourism development urban land use perspective (study: Kurdistan), has been developed. The research method is analytical Which uses a questionnaire to gather information. Information is used and the number of samples in the geographical area consists of 171 people. The sample, the sample used for analysis and prioritization of tourism development strategies from the SWOT (SWOT) has been used. The results show that with regard to the assessment of internal factors, external factors, Offensive Strategy (peak-peak) as the optimal strategy for achieving Niloo urban tourism development in the city of Kurdistan.

Abstract Today, Historical-cultural cities are Special kind of tourism distensions. These distensions with their attractions such as architecture, culture, city elements and symbols, arts and various crafts, are always considered as tourism markets. But many of distensions have both city's nature and specific function that called tourism phenomenon. These distensions are planned to achieve development, with emphasis on their available resources. Different creativities in connection with tourism attractions such as environmental, socio-cultural and management practices in order to supply of tourism products and the creativity in the planning of tourism development can guarantee achieving this goals. Isfahan is one of the special distensions for local and foreign tourists with emphasis on art and historical-cultural capacity. The aim of this study is assessing tourism creativity in the historic and cultural city of Isfahan from the viewpoint of cultural heritage and tourism experts. Survey methods are Descriptive analytical study with an emphasis on field study (expert opinion). The main tool is questionnaire that obtained based on study the theoretical foundations and academic experiences after index classification (Researcher made). Data of this research were analyzed by statistical models. Nature of the data and purpose of research was considered for tests selecting. The results of this research show that according to the creativity criteria, Isfahan is creative city for Art tours, and inherent capacity of culture and art as well as management performance, have greater impact on urban creativity of tourism in this city rather than man-made components.

Abstract City considered as a complicated and dynamic phenomenon, which always experience changes in physical, social, economic and even political and cultural dimensions over time; as a result, the increasing development of cities faces urban management with challenges due to the lack of resources and time required for responding citizens’ increasing needs. Becoming free of these challenges can be found only in the framework of new solutions. In this arena, strategic planning can be considered as a modern approach in eliminating these challenges. The objective of the present study is to investigate and study strategic planning for spatial development of neighborhood in Zahedan which evaluate sociocultural, economic, and physical dimensions of the city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data were collected using documentary, library, and field studies employing the SWOT method. The results of the study indicate that the existence of expansive arid lands that are appropriate but without users in the city considered as the first priority in the spatial development of neighborhoods in Zahedan. Paying attention to server poverty, green spaces, and entertainment centers for spending leisure time in neighborhoods can be important factors in line with the spatial development of neighborhoods in Zahedan City.

The existence of a regular urban hierarchy results in the distribution of goods and services to the entire community and the balanced distribution of facilities and services to all parts of a region. The urban network is not just a collection of physical elements, and the role and importance of each settlement is the extent and dimensions of communication and flow. They set up an open system. Greater cities, with more concentration and concentration, apply their domination to smaller cities. This research is purpose-oriented, applied in terms of nature and method of descriptive-analytical type. In this research, the survey indicators were collected in two stages through a study of extracted from available sources; research plans, statistics, books and expert opinions, and finally, using the Lorenz curve models, the Gini coefficient , Entropy coefficient and coefficient of elasticity of the city of Khuzestan. The results showed that the study of the urban dynasty of Khuzestan province during 1335-1383 based on the models showed the imbalance in the urban system and the concentration of population in the cities above the urban hierarchy system, and especially the first city of the province. Based on the model, there is no reasonable relationship between cities and their rank. The city has maintained its focus on other cities by concentrating its facilities and services at different levels. Also, according to the calculations, the cities of Ahvaz, Dezful, Abadan and Mahshahr, Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Khorramshahr, Izeh, Shushtar and Behbahan are the population potential And the cities of Bidabad, Bali, Yazdno and Abadan have a much lower population density. Based on the results of calculations of the relative entropy of the population of the Stoa cities of Khuzestan, it is indicative of a movement towards increasing concentration of population and imbalance.

Abstract Fao-Unep for control of desertification in world, suggested Provisional methodology for assessment and mapping of desertification and recommended to countries with this problem for edit and investigation. Thus, this method studied in Kashan basin that located North West of central Iran basin. In this research, five desertification processes studied: Degradation of plant cover, water erosion, wind erosion, soil salinity creation and reduce of sub ground water level. This processes investigated in two aspects: Status and inherent risk desertification. In status aspect of plant cover calculated plant cover, range quality and quantity. In inherent risk aspect calculated temperature and moisture regime and lands capacity. Maps of aspects divided four degrees: slight, medium, sever and very sever. The result show that the most area of basin is belongs to very sever class of desertification.