مجله کاشان شناسی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 20، بهار و تابستان 1397)

Neolithic period, the time when human start to change its way of life from hunting and gathering to framing and herding, is one of the most noticed cultural phenomenon by archaeologists. Kashan area is one of those regions that contains the oldest traces of this phenomenon, hence archaeological activities in the area goes back very early in Iran. Besides Sialk, that is most famous archaeological site of the region, Kashan area contains many other important archaeological sites that some of them are better known like Tepe Shourabeh, Arisman, and recently excavated Estark-Joshaqan from second millennium B.C. One of these important site is Tepe Qabrestan, near Noshabad city that maintains early evidences of cultural evolution of local societies of the region. It seems Tepe Qabrestan contains late Neolithic layers and is contemporary with late Sialk I and possibly early Sialk II period, are destroyed unfortunately by farming activities in the way that after one seasons of archaeological field work, it became clear that nothing important of the site has been remained for more investigations. Nevertheless this paper present the results of only season of archaeological activities at the site in 2009.

Self-knowledge is one of the most important topics of Islamic philosophy. This research studies the position of the soul and its perfection in the intellectual and philosophical system of Afzal al-Din Kashani, and has achieved the following results: Afzal al-Dīn has a philosophical discourse in Ishraqi's approach; his conscious awareness of philosophy is the "soul" as slef consciousness; the intellect / soul is a self-conscious divine and metaphysical fact of entering into the philosophy of Afzal al-Din. Therefore, consciousness and perception of the soul up to the stage of achieving the truth is one of the most important philosophical debates of his, so far as he considers the perfection of the soul to be in line with the levels of knowledge and consciousness, and according to the seventh stages of ritual and mystical conduct, perfection draws the soul through the seventh rational stages. The distinction between the levels of perception in all these levels leads to the truth of the unit of consciousness; as the soul, by achieve at each level, increases its awareness and consciousness to reach the rational level of the degree of unity of reason, wise and reasonable.

Manuscripts, which are considered to be the cultural, scientific and artistic heritage of nations, are important from three aspects of cultural, scientific and artistic, and are considered to be signs of cultural power and scientific development of every country and region. In Iran, most of the manuscripts are in a few cities with a rich civilization history, science and culture, one of which is Kashan. Therefore, in this research, the role and contribution of Kashan in the field of Islamic manuscripts of Iran and Iraq have been studied.

in this research, the role and position of Kashan in the field of Islamic manuscripts of Iran and Iraq was studied using a library and descriptive method.

In terms of frequency of manuscripts, Kashan ranked eighth, and in terms of the number of collections with 17 libraries, ranked ninth in Iran. Most works in the 11th century AH. (Safavid) has been compiled, and Shiite authors, poets and Jurists have been compiled more than other classes of scholars in this city, also in terms of compilation place, ranked 14th in Iran and 23th in Iraq and in terms of transcription place, ranked 12th in Iran and 28th in Iraq.
 

Kashan, along with the Iranian cities and capitals, is one of the most important civilizational, cultural and scientific centers of the country, which reached its peak in the Safavid period, and the name of Dar al-Momenin, which the Safavid kings gave to the city, was logical, scientific and worthy. It has a significant contribution to the development and expansion of Persian language and literature in Iran and Islamic sciences, and was as one of the centers for the transcription of manuscripts in Iran and Iraq and provides support for international interactions and dialogues.

Qazi Asad Arin is a poet of 11th century AH. No information is available on his story. He originally was from Saveh, who lived in Kashan and was buried in 1048. He is a collection of large buildings and gardens that are destroyed in half a century ago and only Tombstone Gnostic is left. He is from the elders of Sufism, which is the way through Ali Sedeyri to Mohammad Nourbakhsh and other elders of Nurbakhzi and Kobruyeh. Mohammad Mohaqeq Ardebili owns numerous works in Sufism and the buried in Bidgol, as well as Ali Moalem, who is also a Monastery in Qom's most important students. The Court of poetry has remained a judge of the Assad, which has been reflected in it. He is a passionate and randy lover of Qalandar and witnesses in his manners and sometimes authoritarian of dignity, but the king of the received of Shia, Shiite Imams, and especially Imam Ali, social events including the The Ottomans invasion of Iran and the defense of courageously people against rapists in poetry Wide reflection

Kufic handwritings have been among the most prominent handwritings in Islamic World that geometric nature, these handwritings have opened their place in architectural spaces well and comprise a significant part of brilliant decorations of the early centuries architects to the advent of The Safavid. These are regarded as an important elements in linkage between feature, geometry, word and meaning in architecture. These handwritings have used in forms of construction Kufic, scribal Kufic and decorative Kufic and each category itself, includes numerous kinds of handwritings. For instance, decorative Kufic handwritings themselves contain woody configurations, combined with nodus, eastern, western and … ; in such a way that the types of these handwritings reach over 360 types of Kufic handwritings in the Islamic World. Since, unforunately, these handwritings havne not continued and have forgotten during an historic era, they contain limited buldings. Therefore, each of these works is a unique document which can be studied and analyzed. The Tomb of Sheikh Abdul-Samad in Natanz is one of the most outstanding monuments of the Islamic World with its attractive Kufic handwritings. In this paper, in addition to introducing Kufic letters' pattern used in structure and rules and geometric principle governing it, this pattern has been campared with the decorative Kufic handwritings used in Gadamgah of Farashah in Yazd. The results of this study show that the existing differences back to the writing method, type of line, field dimensions, construction materials and the method of running the handwritings that have turned the Kufic line tablet into a unique and brilliant example.

In Masnavi, the great work of Malawi (famous poet and mystic of Iran) limited cities has the chance for presentation and among these few cites’ names, Kashan has the glory of entering in one of Masnavi’s stories. In this essay, firstly, by short reviewing of Malawi’s life, works and bibliography and background of Masnavi’s generation, the story of “Omar in Kashan “has been  studied and analyzed. Entering the  name of Kashan under the sunni  man  who is  squint, has notions for studying the causes for illumination and demonstration of Kashan in Masnavi  and so Malawi’s mind and  thinking and so social and ideological situation  of  Kashan in Malawi’s era too. in this regard, suppositions same as passing of Malawi from Balkh (probably via Kashan ) to Ray and Mecca and so  traveling memories of these cities in Malawi’s childhood, common and lay discourse and stories  about Kashan and his people, religion and personality and rituals  in age and era of Malawi and at last  and most, a  cultural and religious powerful supposition  for  appearance of this story are analyzed. this last  hypothesis  is based on  religious conflicts among theological groups and cults mainly shia and sunni  states in middle of Iran(Jebal  district) which the best  representation of these  debates  and discourses is famous and influential book of Al-Naqz .following of  this investigation,  the essay  analyses  social , cultural and religious condition and  prominent events  of Kashan in the century’s  generation of this story  and memorandum of Kashan and so contemporary’s implications  same as truth finding  and tolerate characteristic and ethos  for new city of Kashan.