نشریه تحلیل های اقتصادی توسعه ایران
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، پاییز و زمستان 1397)

In this paper, horizontal and vertical integration of value added and the interaction of regions on value added tax capacity are calculated using multi-regional input-output table of Tehran-Alborz and other regions in 2014. On the one hand, based on regional economics theory, a smaller region is expected to have the greater propensity to import and the greater vertical integration index. On the other hand, according to the logic of value added tax system, the larger region is anticipated to influence value added tax capacity of the other regions highly. The calculations of this paper are compatible with theoretical expectations. The results indicate that, firstly, the vertical integration indices for the provinces of Tehran, Alborz and other regions are 9.7%, 17.9% and 3.5%, respectively, and the province of Alborz which is the smallest region (3.4% of country’s GDP), has the greatest vertical integration index. Secondly, Alborz province has relatively modest effects on the value added capacity of Tehran and other regions, so that providing the intermediate demands of economic sectors of Alborz by Tehran and other regions can only increase 0.33% and 0.72% of tax capacity in 2 regions, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact of other regions on Tehran and Alborz tax capacity is very significant and consequently creates a tax capacity of 8.5% and 14% in 2 mentioned provinces, respectively.

The purpose of this study is to measure the dependence of the economic sectors of Ilam province on the importation of intermediaries from three dimensions of source, destination and policy. To do this, a regional data-output table is designed with non-survey-based methods. One of these methods is the modified method of calculating regional tables in terms of mutual concurrent trading transactions, which is the adjusted form of commodity alignment method. Using the non-statistical Cross-Hauling Adjusted Regionalization method (CHARM), and national and regional accounts in 2011, this study aims to compute the input-output table of Ilam. The results indicate that “Making chemical materials and chemical products” among other economic sectors of Ilam is a sector with the most dependence on intermediary imports from the source dimension. Moreover, the “Residential buildings” sector is the highest dependent on intermediary imports according to the destination aspect. In terms of import dependence from political aspect, the highest dependence on imports occurs in “water, electricity, gas”, “industry” and “construction” sectors. This means that by selecting each of these sectors, as the policy sector in the province, imports of intermediary products would increase highly

In recent years, strengthening the economy and its impact on economic performance has attracted the attention of a group of economic researchers.  On the other hand, for many years, economists have concluded that the quality of institutions and good governance can play important roles in the economic performance of countries. Since economic risks may affect the level of GDP significantly, this paper aims to examine the vulnerability effect of GDP in selected countries of OPEC. It also investigates the ability of good governance in reducing the negative effects of the vulnerability on the GDP. For this purpose, a dynamic panel data model is estimated using generalized method of moments (GMM) over the period 2002 to 2013. The results show that the vulnerability has negative and significant effect on GDP, and good governance can help the countries to reduce these negative effects and may play essential role in strengthening of such economies.

This paper reports the results of an experiment designed to test the strategic behavior of a sample of students from Shahid Beheshti University. Their behavior is tested against the Nash equilibrium prediction of p-beauty contest. For this purpose, the game is repeated with six different parameters. To insure incentive compatibility, we used salient financial incentives  as 30x minimum wage. The behavior of a sample of 73 students is in sharp contrast from the Nash equilibrium prediction of the game. While responses can be explained by level-k reasoning, the findings indicate that most responses are rather random indicating level-0 reasoning. While there are some significant correlations between responses to cognitive mathematical questions and guesses closer to Nash equilibrium, there is no significant correlation between the results of Raven IQ test and better performance of players

Different cultural factors and indicators affecting economic growth should be identified and taken into consideration. Using their creative talents and cultural heritage, countries can support and improve economic growth and ultimately attain the welfare and prosperity of society. Cultural indicators can measure cultural status. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the cultural index affects economic growth in Iran's provinces. This index is calculated with regard to theoretical basics of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). In this paper, based on regional accounts of 31 provinces, first the cultural index of provinces is computed and the its situation is compared among provinces. Then, the impact of the cultural indices’ advantage on Iran's economic growth is estimated using a dynamic panel data model and generalized method of moments (GMM) during 2000-2016. The statistical population consists of Iran’s provinces.  The estimation results show that the effect of the comparative advantage of the value added of cultural variables on economic growth is positive and significant. In addition, the cultural index can increase the economic growth of the provinces if it increases human capital

Today, environmental protection is one of the most important concerns throughout the world. In this regard, the measurement of environmental efficiency has emerged as an important issue. The main objective of this paper is to measure environmental efficiency for Iran and developing oil-rich countries using the Data Envelopment Analysis in 2014. This paper considers undesirable outputs and the Shapley value for cooperative game theory. Since the classical Data Envelopment Analysis is not able to distinguish between efficient units, environmental efficiency is ranked based on combination of Data Envelopment Analysis with cross efficiency model and cooperative game theory. The results show that Iran’s efficiency score is 0.42. Thus, Iran ranks the eighth among the nine selected countries. In addition, the results show that the difference between optimal and actual consumption levels of inputs varies from 37% to 51%, so that, the greatest difference is relevant to labor and renewable energy, respectively. The study suggests a modification in the structure of important inputs

Trade liberalization is the removal of restrictions created by policymakers on the way of macroeconomic variables in the market. Trade liberalization leads to more specialization in production, division of labor, and increase in income. In turn, increase in income results in educational opportunities, better health and medical care services, and provision of more favorable social services by governments. Moreover, trade promotion improves the cultural interactions, and increases the variety of goods available to consumers. Trade introduces new types of goods and services, such as medical and sanitary equipment, to domestic markets. Thus, the health and longevity of individuals increase, and affect the human development index. Trade liberalization can reduce government tax revenues and tariffs. Reduction in government revenues affects the quality and quantity of public government services, such as education, health, and decreases the human development index. Trade promotion can also impose adverse effects on environment and sustainable development. In this regard, this paper aims to examine the effect of trade liberalization level on human development index in a group of selected middle-income countries during the period 2000-2015. The results of models estimated by the fixed effects method indicate that the trade liberalization has a positive and significant impact on the human development index