فصلنامه دامپزشکی ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 64 (پاییز 1398)

This serological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in sheep in Khouzestan province, Southwest of Iran. For this purpose, blood samples were taken from 318 sheep of 5 districts, Baghmalek, Shoshtar, Hendijan, Ahvaz, and Behbehan that dived into sex and four age groups (1, 2, 3, and ≥4 years old). Sera were tested by virus neutralization test (VN) using NADL, strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 for detection of antibodies of BVDV. The results indicated 134((41.2%) sheep had antibodies to BVDV. The prevalence of infection in females and males were 40.8% and 55.2%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in 4 age groups were 36.5%, 31.4%, 44%, and 47.1% respectively. Behbehan (70.2%) and Baghmalek (26%) respectively, had higher and lower rate of infection. Statistical analysis showed no-relationship between age and sex groups with infection while this difference between districts were significant. It is concluded that BVDV infection in Khouzestan province are endemic and infection of sheep and transmit to cattle should be considered in control and eradication of BVDV in cattle.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of processing date palm leaves with urea and enzyme on digestibility, rumination and some blood and rumen parameters of Arabian sheep. In this research, 16 Arabian sheep with an average age of 8 months and weight 28 ± 1.5 kg were used. The ratio of concentrate/forage in the treatments was 50:50. Treatments were including 1) diet contains wheat straw (control), 2) diet contains crude date palm leaves, 3) diet contains crude date palm leaves+ 3 g/kg Natuzyme enzyme and 4) diet contains date palm leaves processed with 4 % urea. In this experiment it is considered 21 days for adaptation and 14 days for sampling. At the end of the experiment, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior and blood and rumen parameters were determined and the obtained data were analyzed in completely randomized design. Results showed feed intake, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter and blood cholesterol level were not influenced by experimental diets (P>0.05). However, digestibility of NDF and ADF, blood glucose and urea and ruminal ammonia concentration significantly increased in sheep fed with date palm leaves processed with urea (P

Anatomical studies of the spinal cord of animals have always been of interest to the anatomist due to its high importance in various fields of veterinary and zoology. The present study was conducted in order to survey the quantitative and morphometric aspects of the spinal cord and vertebral column to measure allometric growth rate in Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi). For this purpose, the carcasses of 10 dead adult mongooses which had been found in Shiraz regions were used. In the following, the spinal cord structure was accurately dissected and placed in formalin 10%. In this study, the regional and total length of the spinal cord, vertebral column were measured and allometric growth rate was calculated regionally and totally. Spinal cord in adult mongoose was a cylindrical structure which was compressed dorsoventrally with an average of 292.38 ± 11.47 mm in males and 244.48 ± 10.83 mm in females. In both sexes, the thoracic, lumbar, cervical, sacral and caudal regions of the spinal cord were the longest respectively. Also in the study of the vertebral column, the caudal, thoracic, lumbar, cervical and sacral regions had the longest to shortest length respectively. Therefore, in the study of the allometric growth rate, it was found that spinal cord growth rate in the cervical and thoracic regions is more than the vertebral column and is less than in the lumbar, sacral and caudal regions. These results were extremely consistent with the findings of previous researches about the other species.

In the present study, the effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) on some antivirus-related gene expressions including IFN-γ, MX1, MX2, MX3 and HSP70 were evaluated in rainbow trout. One hundred and twenty fish (mean weight 23.5 ± 2.5 g) in four groups were fed on diets containing 0, 20, 100 and 500 mg kg-1 for 35 days. Results showed that green tea at 500 mg kg-1 enhanced IFN-γ gene expression in the kidney and liver whereas 20 and 100 mg kg-1 green tea upregulated IFN-γ transcription in spleen tissue. All doses of green tea upregulated MX1 transcription in the liver, while MX1 gene expression was upregulated in the spleen of fish received 100 and 500 mg kg-1 green tea. MX2 gene expression was upregulated in the kidney of high dose of green tea and spleen of all doses of green tea. In fish received green tea at 100 and 500 mg kg-1, MX3 gene expression in the kidney tissue was upregulated. In fish fed 100 and 500 mg kg-1 green tea, upregulation of HSP70 gene in kidney were shown. The present study suggests that green tea especially at higher doses may effectively modulate the expression of some genes related to antiviral activity in rainbow trout.

Lesions of kidney are the situation that it can failure and decrease the function of kidney as accumulation of uric acid (urinary nitrogen) in blood and body fluids. Subsequently, the uric acid as urate crystal can precipitate in different part of body. This study was carried out in 2014, in Isfahan province. After identification and history taking, the samples were taking from the chickens with 30-40 age weeks that dead during one week. After examination and necropsy of carcasses, the carcasses that have macroscopic lesions in kidney were sampled from kidney. In this study, from 500 samples, the microscopic lesions of kidney were been in 40% of samples that including of 21 samples by pyelonephritis, 74 samples by glomeronephritis, 105 samples by interstitial nephritis, 5 samples by interstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis and 2 samples by glomeronephritis and pyelonephritis, simultaneously. All samples have urate precipitation and some chickens have kidney stones. Results show that the highest nephropathy in studied flocks was interstitial nephritis. The chickens that were infected to infectious bronchitis in growing period have higher mortality than others. This study shows that the kidney lesions are one of main factor in decreasing of production and mortality of chickens in this flocks.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder among women in reproduction age that is usually associated with insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and cardio protective effects. This study carried out to evaluate effect of resveratrol on lipid profile and atherogenic index in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

In this experimental study, 15 female wistar rats (21 days of age) were divided into 3 groups (n=5): Control, polycystic rats, polycystic rats treated with resveratrol. To induction of polycystic ovary phenotype in the immature female rats, testosterone enanthate 1mg/100 g body weight was injected for 35 days subcutaneously. Then, resveratrol 10 mg/kg were injected interapritoneally to rats of polycystic group treated with resveratrol for 28days. Finally, the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), VLDL-C (Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), HDL-C (High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), glucose, and atherogenic index were measured.

Treatment of animals in the polycystic model group with resveratrol significantly decreased the serum levels of LDL-C, atherogenic index and glucose (p<0.05) and increased the serum HDL-C level (p<0.05).

The results indicated that treatment of polycystic ovarian rats with resveratrol may improve the dyslipidemia status and may reduce the atherogenic index and blood glucose levels and may be an appropriate therapeutic agent for improve of metabolic disorders associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of oxidative stress are the main mechanisms of xenobiotics-induced liver injury. In this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract Potentilla reptans on oxidative stress in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver toxicity in male rats was investigated. For doing research, 35 male Wistar-albino rats (200-250 g) were divided into five experimental groups; Group I was treated with distilled water via gavage daily, followed by Normal saline 0.9%, 1ml/kg B.W, intraperitoneal (i.p) on day 16. Group II received distilled water via gavage daily, followed by olive oil, i.p on day 16. Group III treated with distilled water via gavage daily, followed by single dose of CCl4 with olive oil 50%, i.p on day 16. Group IV and V received extract at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg via gavage daily, followed by single dose of CCl4 with olive oil 50%, i.p on day 16. Then serum levels of biochemical liver parameters such as, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP) and total bilirubin (TB) and serum level of oxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) were performed. The results of our research showed that CCl4 in hepatotoxic group caused a significant increase in the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and TB as well as decreased TP, SOD, GPX and CAT serum levels (p<0.05). Treatment with the extract at dose 250 mg/kg/d significantly normalized the CCl4-elevated serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP (p<0.001).The extract (100 and 250mg/kg) also increased levels of SOD and GPX (p<0.05). Results of present study indicated that the extract had antioxidant properties and reduced the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride in the liver.

Blood parasites including Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma are causative agents for theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis, respectively, which are responsible for tremendous economic loss to sheep farming industry worldwide. These parasites are mainly transmitted by hard ticks and carrier sheep are responsible for resistance of parasites in affected regions. Dezful city, south-west of Iran, has warm and humid climate and parasitic diseases including Haemoparasites seems to be prevalent among herds in this area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prevalence of blood parasites in sheep of Dezful area using direct microscopy and PCR methods. For this reason, in August 2016, in a cluster sampling, a total of 200 blood samples from sheep of 4 regions of Dezful were collected randomly. Blood films were prepared and evaluated by microscopy. PCR was performed on 112 randomly selected samples. Prevalence of Babesia, Theileria and Anaplasma was 1.5%, 26% and 33% using microscopy, respectively while 72.72% and 0% of sheep were PCR positive for Theileria spp. and Babesia spp., respectively. No other blood parasite was observed in microscopy. The results of this study indicate high prevalence of Theileria and Anaplasma and low prevalence of Babesia among sheep of Dezful area. Regarding the results of this study, measures such as promoting knowledge of breeders regarding parasitic diseases of livestock, and in particular blood parasites and raising awareness of economic loss from these diseases through decrement in livestock production and increment in the costs of treatment, insecticide spraying of livestock places and bathing of animals against ecto-parasites are necessary for reduction of this parasitic infection.

A cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine Seroprevalence of Akabane (AKA) and Bluetongue (BT) viruses in industerial dairy herds in Semnan suburbs, Iran. Serum samples were collected from a total of 184 dairy cattle and tested for antibodies against AKAV and BTV using Competitive-ELISA. The prevalence rates of AKAV and BTV antibodies in cattle were 23.3% (0-75% between herds) and 0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of AKAV antibodies were significantly associated with milking statues (milking or heifer) and abortion history, being higher in milking animals in comparison to heifers (31.3%; P < 0.05) and animals without abortion history than previously aborted cattle’s (34.2%; P < 0.05). The study revealed that AKAV infection is rather high prevalent in dairy herds of Semnan suburbs and this calls for control strategy to be noticed by veterinary services while BTV seems to have less importance in cattle herds of region. Key words: Semnan dairy herds, AKABANE, Bluetongue, Seroprevalence, ELISA.

The growth hormone of chickens affects the growth and development of chickens, egg production, body type, appetite control, reproduction, and response of body immune system. Several studies have shown that the growth hormone gene is a candidate gene for chicken economic traits. The polymorphisms of this gene can be used to improve of production, phylogenetic analysis and marker assisted selection programs. In this study, allelic polymorphism in intron 1 of growth hormone (cGH) gene in the Marandi indigenous chicken examined using PCR-RFLP technique. A total of 100 birds were selected and for detection of mutation in intron 1 of cGH gene (776 bp), the PCR products were digested by MspI restriction enzyme. The results showed that the five genotypes and three of the A1, A2 and A3 alleles with frequency of 24, 4 and 73 percent respectively, identified. The A3A3 genotype had the highest (0.50) and the lowest (0.02) frequency was found for A1A1 and A1A2 genotypes. In the total population, Shannon's information index and Fixation index 0.69 and -0.16 respectively, calculated. According to the Chi-square test, the Marandi indigenous chickens had a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this locus. Considering the high polymorphism of this locus in Marandi indigenous chickens can after determining the genotype and the performance of each genotype in the production of economic traits be used as a marker in genetic selection and breeding programs to improve the economic traits associated with growth hormone.

FMD is a vesicular and acute clinical disease of angulated animals such as domestic ruminants and pig. It is one of the most prominent sanitary problems in farm animals. Although the role of FMD virus in the induction of myocarditis has been known in the farm animal newborns, due to controversy about the changes in thyroid hormones in patients with FMD and their possible association with the occurrence of myocarditis, this study was designed and conducted on 50, 15 and 15 sheep, lambs and cattle, respectively. After blood sampling, sera were analyzed for troponin I, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) measurement and based on normal value of serum troponin I, each group of animals was divided into higher and lower troponin groups. The mean serum troponin I, T3 and T4 were also compared with normal levels in reliable sources. Unlike the sheep, a significant difference was found between troponin I levels with the normal value in cattle and lambs. Except for a significant increase in the serum T3 level of cattle, the serum thyroid hormonal changes were not significant in the lambs and sheep. There were no significant differences for serum T3 and T4 between two groups of higher and lower troponin cattle (P> 0.05). In comparison with the lower-troponin lambs, the higher-troponin I lambs had a significant decrease in serum thyroid hormones (P <0.05). In conclusion, there was evidence of serum myocardial damage in cattle and lambs with FMD. Reducing thyroid hormones in the high-troponin lambs may be attributed to thyroid glands injury from FMD virus. It seems that there is no link between myocardial damage and serum thyroid hormones level in the cattle and sheep.

The effects of lead toxicity, even at low levels, have several disabilities, such as weakness, impaired ability and intellectual behavior of children, loss of hearing and vision, reduced sperm quality and fertility in women. On the other hand, treatments by medicinal herbs such as wheat germ, which is rich in antioxidants such as E, thiamine, zinc, phenolic acids, alkylaryrosuronquids, aminophenols, and aminobenzoic acids, can be considered. Take up 30 adult male Wistar rats (240 ± 20 g) in 6 groups: control (without treatment), 10 mg lead, hydroalcoholic extract of wheat germ with doses of 100 and 200 mg, lead in conjunction with hydroalcoholic extract of wheat germ with Doses of 100 and 200 mg were divided. On day 36, blood samples were taken and the antioxidant properties of the LH and FSH hormones and estrogen levels were evaluated. Rat weight and ovarian weight decreased in the induction group with a dose of 10 mg. Also, the concentration of estrogen, LH and FSH and antioxidant activity in the lead group decreased with different amounts, and in the hydroalcoholic extract group, wheat germ increased.

Hydroalcoholic extract of wheat germ has the ability to compensate for lead-induced lesions, which depends on the dose of prescription.