نشریه اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 24، پاییز و زمستان 1397)

The lack of "Descriptive Models of Human Behaviour" (DMHB) is one the oldest anomalies in behavioral sciences, especially Organizational Behaviour Management. In one side, different sciences demand for this kind of behavior models; and on the other side, modeling the behavior is as difficult as understanding human internal situations and his environmental complexity. DMHB are important because they have multi-disciplinary usage (economics, ergonomics, social psychology, management and etc…) , and also DMHB are the necessary foundations for developing prescriptive techniques in controlling and directing human behavior. In this paper we developed new model of human behaviors. This models is identified and explained thorough the deep studies in scientific literature of DMHB and Quran text. Quran in this research is the source of idea to find DMHB; also the guide of explaining DMHB. This model is explained in a scientific standard structure as "Ideal Type of DMHB". In addition, its relations to other renowned theories are discussed. The basic methodology and all the steps of this research in preparing, organizing text, studying, documentation, coding, abstraction and final conclusions are based on qualitative content analysis. Therefore, the "validity" and "Trustworthiness" of research is obtained by three criteria "Credibility", "Dependability" and "Transferability".

Undoubtedly, the prerequisite of managing a thing is cognition of that thing. One of the methods of enhancing cognition of a sophisticated phenomenon, such as organization, is using metaphors. In order to simplify and clarify perceptual state of cognition of the organization, the metaphors focus on a certain aspect of it. Human, as an active player, perceives a specific image of the surrounding phenomena, based on his exclusive aspect of perception and perceptual mechanism, and behaves in accordance with this image. Thus, in order to perceive his organization, the manager adopts a metaphor which focuses on the specific aspect that interprets his exclusive perceived image. Amongst the factors which form a person’s perceptual field, worldview is essentially important; type of worldview introduces an image of the existing phenomena, which reflects their values and objectives. Indeed, by adopting a specific metaphor, the manager bases his actions on an aspect of the organization which is in line with the image derived from his worldview.  This article aims to introduce the comprehensive man as a metaphor for interpreting the organization, in order to introduce dominant aspect of the organization in its approach to Islam. For this purpose, the human thematic network was interpreted based on literary work of grand ayatollah Javadi Amoli, using thematic analysis method; and then, by means of metaphor, the organization was interpreted in form of four organizing themes titled existential grade of organization, dimensions of organization, identity of organization, and formation of organization. These four organizing themes consist of fourteen basic themes, which make a clear image of organization in Islamic approach

The lack of “Descriptive Models of Human Behaviour” (DMHB) is one the oldest anomalies in behavioral sciences, especially Organizational Behaviour Management. On the one hand, different sciences demand for this kind of behavior models; and on the other hand, modeling the behavior is as difficult as understanding human internal situations and his environmental complexity. DMHBs are important because they have multi-disciplinary usage (economics, ergonomics, social psychology, management and etc…), and also DMHBs are the necessary foundations for developing prescriptive techniques in controlling and directing human behavior. In this paper we developed a new model of human behaviors. This model is identified and explained thorough the deep studies in scientific literature of DMHB and Quranic text. Quran in this research is the source of idea to find DMHB; and the guide of explaining DMHB as well. This model is explained in a scientific standard structure as “Ideal Type of DMHB”. In addition, its relations to other renowned theories are discussed. The basic methodology and all the steps of this research in preparing, organizing text, studying, documentation, coding, abstraction and final conclusions are based on qualitative content analysis. Therefore, the “validity” and “Trustworthiness” of the research is obtained by three criteria “Credibility”, “Dependability” and “Transferability”.

Because large extent field of education, training and breeding has direct consequences of any change in the social arena. In this respect, understanding of change interventions and public policies in this area is of utmost importance. One of the important policies in this area is the law, "the establishment and operation of private schools and educational centers" that have passed with different purposes such as participation, competition between schools and financial problems. This study aims to explain the policy change by using Kingdon's Multiple Streams. Therefore, this model been cosidered as one of theoretical frameworks of policy change process and the it’s Elements, Problem Stream, Politics Stream and Policy Stream and the main assumptions of a comparative approach to the law "the establishment and operation of private schools and educational centers" have been analyzed. Therefore, this paper we use case study method as a qualitative research approach. For data collection the literature review and a review of documents, interviews and various reports on this law has been used. The results of this analysis indicate that syncronization and the intersection of three streams above with instances such as the budget and finance in the level of education (the problem), the new government, market-oriented ideology and willingness to privatization (the policy), promoting education and livelihood in the field of education (the policy) focusing organization of private school and development of popular participation, as a policy entrepreneur, has managed to pass a law by adopting various strategies

The aim of this study is identifying the dimensions and factors affecting the universities in the development of Science and Technology Diplomacy (STD) in IRI. This research is based on experts and specialists, that have experiences in the field of diplomacy and technology in universities in the national level.

33 factors are extracted from literature review that lead to infer the primary decision tree, then by questionnaires, Fuzzy Delphi was completed in two rounds. In Delphi rounds, some factors were added to the previous factors. In other words, the framework was completed.

factors influencing in promotion of universities capacities to maximize their impact on the development of STD were extracted.

There is a lot of controversy with regard to essential and accidental differences of public and private sector organizations, because the current studies have not yet achieved consensus on the similarities and differences between these two sectors. In this regard, the current studies are based on three main approaches: 1) political approach, 2) generic approach, 3) professional approach. Accordingly, this study is to explore incentive preferences of employees (including financial/non-financial incentives, intrinsic motivation, supportive and social atmosphere) in public and private sectors. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire. More than 1,300 questionnaires were distributed and in the end, 1021 questionnaires (519 questionnaires from private sector and 512 from public sector) were used in the final analysis. The results found no significant difference in the viewpoints of public and private sector employees about giving priority to financial incentives, self-development (intrinsic motivation) and supportive and social atmosphere. About the effect of demographic variables on dependent variables, the women and older people gave higher priority to self-development and supportive and social atmospheres.

The purpose of this study was to identify the mindsets of employees in a public university about the leadership derailment (being involuntarily ebbed below the level of expected achievement or reaching that level but unexpectedly failing) using Q methodology. In this regard, after studying the research literature and interviewing with 26 employees of mentioned university as participants who were identified and invited to cooperate in research using maximal variation, concept and snowball sampling, totally 86 Q statements were identified and returned to participants so that they are prioritized based on forced distribution. Consequently, 9 mindsets were explored and interpreted using confirmatory factor analysis and note paper, respectively. Based on the findings, the mindsets of employees in Vali-e-Asr University about the leadership derailment together with their corresponding metaphors were hypocritical leader (the snake in the grass), narcissistic leader (proud as a peacock), wily leader (sneaky), marginalized leader (fallen between two stools), made to order leader (marionette), pretentious leader (empty vessel), non-balanced leader (capricious), agent leader (the scarecrow kitchen garden) and avaricious leader (vulturine).

The purpose of this study is identifying factors affecting workplace friendship deterioration. The study type is developmental and in order to extract factors, ethnography methodology that is a qualitative method was used. The sample population is a military unit that for security issues, the name of that unit is not mentioned in this study. Data were selected via 18 military man interviews, having the tendency for dialogue and interview. Also the data selection was done observing the daily interaction of those employees for data collecting process and writing that interaction specification by the researcher being part of the sample. Data were saturated according to the sample size. The researcher is a member of under study population, therefore data collecting and observation was easy. Braun and Clarke (2006) thematic analysis was used for data analyzing. After initial analysis, 38 initial codes were generated. These codes were categorized to three general factors. These general factors were individual, organizational and extra-organizational factors. The individual factors have 14 codes and 2 sub-themes. The organizational factors have 19 codes and 3 sub-themes and the extra-organizational factors have 3 codes and 1 sub-theme. After thematic analysis, thick description was presented and the factors were extracted and presented. The factors have individual, organizational and extra-organizational variables.

Today, art has a special significance in the global economy and the important role of artists in social and economic development of communities has been accepted. Based on this, the presence of supporting structures in the field of art seems necessary. One of these supporting structures is arts incubators. Naturally, it seems there are some challenges in order to achieve the supportting objectives for the different kinds of incubators. In this research with focus on the Art University of Isfahan’s incubator, we aim to identify the challenges of this incubator in supporting of art-based businesses. The research method is qualitative and the incubator of the Art University of Isfahan is considered as a case study. The study comprises of five groups of 30 participants, including incubator experts, art masters, art students, independent artists, and units located in the incubator. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings show that according to art masters, independent artists and art students, the main challenges of the incubator are the administrative problems and inadequate sponsorships, and according to units located in the incubator the most important challenges are the industrial approach of this center. The challenges of this incubator from the perspective of experts are the lack of knowledge and misconceptions of incubator goals and the stance of the art society in the composition of economy and arts. Some challenges of the Art University of Isfahan’s incubator lay in the fact that the center is new, and time would help to overcome the challenges. The identification of these challenges and selection of appropriate strategies to meet them, not only ensures the success of this incubator, but also paves the way for the future success of other arts incubators in the country, and gives a clearer view to the policymakers of such centers.

Today, corporate social responsibility is one of the most important concerns of many societies, and one of the reasons for this is due to the fact that corporate social responsibility affects the attraction and maintenance of customer loyalty. In Islamic societies there is also attention to the general welfare of the community in the principles of ethics, beliefs and religious values. Therefore, this research investigates the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility with Islamic values approach on Customer Repurchases and trust; moreover, the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have been used as mediator variables. The statistical population of the current research is the customers in Mellat Banks of Semnan province. For this purpose, 103 questionnaires have been gathered from a sample randomly. Cronbach’s alpha has been applied to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The hypotheses of the research have been tested using the structural part of the structural equation modeling. According to results, the impact of corporate social responsibility on trust, the impact of trust on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and the impact of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty on customer repurchases have been supported.

Today, the globalization of the economy causing familiarity with Islamic views of business, has become essential for global trade to understand the shaping factors of Muslim consumer behaviors. In marketing activities attention to value systems in terms of their role and impact is necessary. The aim of this study is Identification and Prioritization marketing sub-mixes with Islamic approach in the international markets. The statistical population is managers and personnel of unit business in gypsum factories in Semnan province. A statistical sample was 30 experts that were chosen purposefully from the population. Data were done from questionnaire and factors were prioritized by using AHP techniques and Expert Choice software.  According to the results of the research place mix (obtaining reliable foreign agency, providing product samples, removed unnecessary intermediaries, delivery of the product on time), Product (quality of product, using of Islamic brand, safe and suitable packaging, adopting design and usage of product, development product based on customer needs), price (lack of price discrimination between buyers, suitable and justly prices and adopting prices with competitors) and promotion (price promotion, non-price promotion) are the most important factors respectively. In addition, sub-criteria of obtaining reliable foreign agency, quality of product, providing product samples, lack of price discrimination between buyers, using of Islamic brand, suitable and justly prices, removed unnecessary intermediaries, adopting prices with competitors, price promotion, safe and suitable packaging, delivery of the product on time, adopting design and usage of product, product development based on the customer needs and non-price promotion are prioritized respectively.

Today, companies in dynamic and unpredictable environments to achieve competitive advantage and superior performance are faced with challenges, the company using its marketing capabilities are able to achieve superior performance. In this study, the relationship between marketing capabilities and market performance was investigated using Smart PLS software, given the moderator role of market dynamics among manufacturing companies operating in the stock market. Factors reflecting marketing capabilities include communications, product development, pricing, promotion, sales, planning and implementation. For performance, data of companies’ balance sheets were used. The results showed that the relationship between marketing capabilities and performance is positive and significant so that as market is more dynamic, the relationship between marketing capabilities and performance enhances. In addition, among the factors representing market capabilities, the relationship between all factors, except for product development, is significant.