نشریه مطالعات منافع ملی
پیاپی 8 (تابستان 1396)

Autopsy of Shia in USDr. Abdul Rahman AlemAli FarzaliyanAbstract:Tendency toward spirituality, including Islam, in the world and US has been increasing. Its reasons include identity and ethical crisis, the failure of modernity in order to bring salvation and the policies of the west against Islam and Muslims. Given the increase of mosques, Islamic centers and religious ceremonies, the tendency to Shia has been increased in the US. The tendency has a Sufism dimension. In the US, Shia Muslims face challenges such as the policies of US government, negative attitudes of Americans toward them, policies of Wahhabis, Identity crisis, negative attitudes of US media and discrimination.Key Words: Shia, US, American Muslims, 11th September, Islam

Iran’s Public Diplomacy: Capacities and ChallengesDr. Ebrahim MotaghiHamid ShaiesteAbstract:One of the most important tools used by countries to influence foreign policy is public diplomacy. Soft power is a source of public diplomacy. The soft power of a country could be improved and strengthen by developing public diplomacy.In the research, the concept of public diplomacy and its different forms would be analyzed. Moreover, Islamic Republic of Iran’s public diplomacy and its capacities and challenges would be assessed. In recent decades the events such as the Islamic revolution in Iran, Israel invasion of Lebanon and Bombardment of Libya by United States lead to the increase of Islamic organization in the US.The findings of research suggest that the Islamic Republic of Iran has capacities such as rich culture and civilization to influence US Islamic organization, and to attract US Muslims by using digital media.Key Words: Public Diplomacy, Soft Power, Iran, International

The Approach of Government to New Middle Class in Islamic Republic of Iran (1989-2005)Dr.Hasan majidiMohmmad Rostam PorAbstract:The article deal with relations between the government and middle class in era of post Iran-Iraq war. The main question of the article is: what is the impact of post war government’s policies on the middle class? And what approach has the middle class adopted to post war government?The hypothesis of the article is: the policies of post war governments, personality of Iranian presidents, the impact of deve-lopment plans and globalization would lead to vacillated relations between government and middle class. In Iran, oil revenues, personal characteristics and globalization influence the government’s approach to middle class. Nevertheless, different personality of Iranian presi-dents and global developments encouraged President Hashemi Rafsanjani to revive new middle class and President Khatami to strengthen it.Key Words: New Middle Class, Hashemi Rafsanjani, Khatami

The Role of Social Media in Trump’s Victory in 2016 US Presidential ElectionDr.Armin AminiAli Rezaei panahAbstract:From a political and cultural perspective, the internet has trans-formed private sphere, political power and dominance,and subse-quently, it has changed women’s rights, state and non-state institutions related to women, the behavior of men towards women, the economic power of women and political literature.The aim of the research is to analyze 2016 US presidential election from different aspects. One of them is the role of populism in Trump’s victory. The emergence of populism in developing countries would be analyzed from different psychological, political and economic aspects such as globalization, social class gap and etc. In the US presidential election, various social, political and psychological factors influence the emergence of populism. From social perspectives, social class gaps, technical populism, identity crisis and the corrupted political system would be considered. Moreover, lack of political experience, political language, creation of the brand and the opposition to the status quo have impacts on populism.Key Words: US, Election, Presidency, Social Media, Trump

Presidential Election and ElitesDr.Hasan Shamsini GhiasvandReza NasiriAbstract:In globalization and information era the definition and function of political elites have been changed. Symbolic and academic elites have more power, however, the influence of academic elites has suffered a decline. The increase or decrease of elites’ political and social fun-ctions in an election is dependent on the kind of elite relations with society, economic conditions, and social gaps, access of elites to mass media and political background of elites. Social transformation has changed elite formation, however, it has not changed election function. The function of elites in the election include: Informing, supporting elections, supporting political rights, establishing criteria forcand-idates and criticizing the plans of candidates and political forces. In comparison with the past, scientific elites play a minor role in voter participation, public opinion and rational decision making. Recently, populism has played a key role in the election.Key Words :Elites, Political elites, Presidential Election

The reasons of Iranian Emigration (2001-2011)Saeb ShabaniMosa farhang RanjbarAbstract:In globalization era, various factors influence the brain drain. One of the most important of developing countries’ challenges is the brain drain. The phenomena can create social, economic, psychological and scientific problems. In the information age, different domestic and foreign factors influence the brain drain. Domestic factors include economic crisis and ambiguous future and foreign factors include access to facilities, job security, high social status, decline of nationalism and technological gap.Key words: Emigration, Brain Drain, Job Security, Globalization

Democracy Discourse in Political Mesbah-YazdiDr. Masoud MotallebiSeyed Ghadir Ghanizadi ZaveyhAbstract:Ayatollah Mesbah-Yazdi is among Faghih who formulate theories about democracy. According to Islam, two principles are legitimate: A) popular sovereignty and rejection of despotism, B) salvation of people. The difference between popular sovereignty in the west with popular sovereignty in the Islam is: in the west, the government is run by people without any restrictions, however, in the Islamic world the government would be legitimized by God and people would make their fate according to Islamic laws. Moreover, the goals of religious democracy are worldly- such as social justice, security, satisfaction, people’s participation, and efficiency, rule of law, political freedom- and ethical – such as expansion of religious culture, righteousness and nullification. In his views, the will and control of mankind are during God's will. On the other hand, if there is a conflict between Individual and society, the society has priority over individuals. Moreover, since the politics is responsible for the guidance and salvation of the people, the salvation of the people cannot be left to people's participation. The hypothesis of the research is: Ayatollah Mesbah-Yazdi maintain that the democracy could be established by Alavi method.Keywords: Ayatollah Mesbah-Yazdi, Islam, Democracy, Legitim