نشریه مطالعات منافع ملی
پیاپی 9 (پاییز 1396)

What happened in the Middle East, from Western countries’perspe- ctive, was a rebellion of unemployed youth and graduated persons, who are familiar with the requirements of information era, seeking freedom, quality and order of power’s new patterns. This perspective called Middle East developments Arab Spring and predicted the events by using theories of patrimonialism and democracy. Some experts would analyze the Middle East developments according to Islam and relations between theology and politics. They believe that thedevel- opments are a kind of Islamic awakening against the patterns of traditional despotism and western dictatorship. It seems none of perspectives happened and the Middle East is experiencingfundam- entalism.

The relations between countries relies on economic, security ,geog- raphical and cultural circumstances. Although, the status of these factors undergos a change in the globalization era, it is not true to say these factors have no impact on relations between two countries. Iran and Azerbaijan, as neighbors, have cultural, historical, religious commons. Nevertheless, the relations between two countries have faced certain challenges. These challenges could be evaluated in domestic, regional and global levels. The challenges include mutual mistrust and pessimism, the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, economic predica- ments, the meddling of regional countries especially Turkey, Israel regime, Caucasus issue and the influence of great powers such as the US and Russia.

Human security is comprehensively defined in the beginning of the 21st century: lack of military, political, economic, social and environmental threats that could endanger peace and comfort of the entire human society. In this society, a threat in a part of society could make insecurity in entire society and the security could be achieved whe-
never the whole society are in peace and comfort. The findings of research suggest that the military has a key role in the provision of security for the Islamic republic of Iran by securing waters, fighting against pirates, escorting the ships (given security of imports and exports in the era of holy defense) and providing security for airplanes. Moreover, the military has a crucial role in the increase of deterrence and promotion of security by increasing military cooperation with regional countries and expanding its presence in the free waters.

he presidential election is the most important election in all countries including Iran. Therefore, political factions, including principlists and reformists,adopt different strategies to the presidential election. The principlists adopted various obligatory tactics such as coalition building, political-economic polarization, moderate participation, critical attitude towards eleventh administration’s plans, and divesting tactics such as exaggeration of economic challenges, inefficient administration, failure of the nuclear deal, pessimism about certain figures.  These election strategies were doomed to failure because of social order, elements of the information age, globalization, confrontational policies of reformists and high turnout.

Jürgen Habermas talks about unfinished project of modernity. He believes that there is a way to emancipate from instrumental rationality. In fact, we could emancipate the modernity from fundamental challenges such as rationality crisis. He also believes that the communicative rationality has the capacity of human emancipation. He would use obligatory such as the critique of positivism, Frankfurt school and postmodernism; and divesting methods such as reconstruction of Marx’s theory and linguistic change.

The Approach of Principlists towards 12th Presidential Election Elnaze Nikseresht   Mohammad Bashiri Azar   Abstract: The presidential election is the most important election in all countries including Iran. Therefore, political factions, including principlists and reformists, adopt different strategies to the presidential election. The principlists adopted various obligatory such as coalition building, political-economic polarization, moderate participation, critical attitude towards eleventh administration’s plans, and divesting tactics such as exaggeration of economic challenges, inefficient adminis- tration, failure of the nuclear deal, pessimism about certain figures.  These election strategies were doomed to failure because of social order, elements of the information age, globalization, confrontational policies of reformists and high turnout.