Avicenna Journal of Dental Research
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Mar 2019

Host modulation therapy represents a treatment concept in which drug therapies are applied as an adjunctive therapy to conventional periodontal treatments to counteract the destructive effects of the host inflammatory response.

This is a randomized split-mouth clinical trial in which a total of 40 outpatients diagnosed with mild-moderate chronic periodontitis with at least two pairs of contralateral anatomically matching proximal tooth surfaces showing probing depth of ≥5 mm were enrolled. Full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed for all patients and pockets larger than 5 mm were selected for application of the studied gels. The selected sites were randomly divided into group A (piroxicam + metronidazole) and group B (piroxicam). Recall appointments were scheduled every two weeks within 3 months. The periodontal parameters, assessed in the molar teeth, also recorded that changes in clinical parameters during the study.

A total of 34 patients, with mean age of 45.2±8.6 (range 32-60) years, none of whom developed unpleasant side effect, were enrolled. Plaque index was significantly higher in group A; further it was a statistically significant difference in Bleeding on probing levels in group A at the baseline to last interval recall while current study. The results exhibited significant reductions in pocket depth within 3 months when compared to the baseline values, while the combination adjunctive therapy was more effective to reduce pocket depth. Furthermore, both groups showed a statistically significant mean reduction in clinical attachment level (CAL), but in the test group A had a higher CAL gain than in the control group B (P=0.039).

The use of a combination of drugs can help reduce the clinical signs of periodontal disease, therefore, by changing the patient’s health habits along with periodontal treatment, the mechanical treatment that a microbial plaque can be obtained, and then the use of piroxicam + metronidazole gel as a complementary therapy, the recovery process can be accelerated.

The study of tooth mineralization is one of the most reliable approaches to determining the age of individuals. Given the presence of various ethnicities in Iran, this study aimed to determine the exact age at different stages of the development of permanent mandibular teeth in children aged 5-16 years in Mashhad, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 235 digital panoramic radiographs of children aged 5-16 years were assessed. Maturation of the permanent teeth was evaluated according to Demirjian’s classification system. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. T-test was performed to compare the homologous teeth of the same arch as well as boys and girls in different stages of tooth calcification.

The mean age of participants was 9.78 ± 2.53 years. Homologous teeth were not significantly different in terms of maturation time in all cases. In some stages, certain teeth developed more quickly in girls while some others developed faster in boys. These differences were statistically significant only in certain stages and for certain teeth.

As far as developmental stages were concerned, girls were at a significantly lower age. The dental charts presented in this article includes information that could be beneficial for dental clinicians in making appropriate diagnosis and planning for orthodontic and surgical procedures. These charts also provide datasets for estimation of dental age for a sample of Iranian children.

Soft tissue calcifications are the deposition of calcium salts, mainly calcium phosphate, in soft tissue. They most often are detected as incidental findings during radiographic examinations. The goal is to identify them correctly to determine whether treatment is required. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in panoramic radiographs and their relationship with age, gender and underlying diseases.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, panoramic radiographs of 654 patients were examined within one year. The prevalence of soft tissue calcification, their location and certain factors such as age, sex, underlying disease were examined.

The prevalence of elongated stylohyoid ligament calcification, laryngeal cartilage calcification, carotid artery calcification, lymph node calcification, and sialolith were 20.2%, 9.8%, 2.4%, 1.8%, 0.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. Stylohyoid ligament and vascular calcifications were significantly correlated with cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Gender and soft tissue calcification were not significantly associated. The prevalence of tonsillolith was significantly higher in men (P=0.0001). A significant correlation was found between soft tissue calcification and age groups, so that as age increased, the prevalence of carotid artery calcification, stylohyoid ligament calcification, and tonsillolith increased.

The present study shows that soft tissue calcifications are not unusual findings in panoramic radiographs. They increase significantly with aging but have no significant association with gender. The prevalence of soft tissue calcification is higher in cardiovascular disease patients.

In peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, inflammation extends to peri-implant tissue, which is associated with bone loss and can cause implant failure. To regain peri-implant tissue health, debridement and cleaning of implant surface without damaging it must be performed prior to any other treatment. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of titanium curette, air polishing and titanium brush on implant surface roughness.

In this in vitro, experimental study, 2 SNUC titanium implants with 6 mm diameter and 10 mm length were sectioned into 10 pieces. Implant pieces were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5) for polishing with titanium curette, air polishing, titanium brush and no intervention (control group). Surface roughness was determined under a scanning probe microscope (SPM) by measuring Ra and Rz parameters. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at significance level (α) of 0.05.

Ra and Rz values of the four groups were not significantly different (P=0.002). Air polishing group showed the lowest surface roughness and titanium curette group showed the highest surface roughness followed by titanium brush group, compared to control group.

Air polishing group showed the lowest surface roughness compared to control group but an appropriate debridement technique should be chosen based on the treatment chosen for periimplantitis.

Widespread use of dental implants in the past 15 years has resulted in an increase in complications associated with implant surgeries. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of lower lip paresthesia in patients receiving implant-supported mandibular overdentures.

In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 63 patients receiving implant-supported mandibular overdentures were evaluated. For clinical examination, the two-point discrimination test (2DP) was used before surgery and at 1-, 3- and 6-month postoperative intervals. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and chi-square test.

The results showed frequency rates of 19%, 4.8% and 4.8% for lower lip paresthesia at 1-, 3- and 6-month postoperative intervals. At 1-month postoperative interval, female patients exhibited a significantly higher rate of paresthesia compared to male patients (P = 0.035).

Lower lip paresthesia was highly prevalent (19%) one-month after implant surgery; however, its frequency decreased over time. After 3 months, the frequency of paresthesia decreased by about 3 quarters (4.8%) and remained constant until 6 months after surgery. During the 1-month period after surgery, female patients had a high rate of paresthesia compared to male patients.

Repairing aged composite resin is a challenging process. Many surface treatment options have been proposed to this end. This study evaluated the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of microhybrid composite resin repairs.

Sixty-four cylindrical specimens of a Filtek Z2503M composite resin were fabricated and stored in 37°C distilled water for two weeks. The specimens were divided into 8 groups according to the following surface treatments: composite primer (group 1); composite primer + G-premio (group 2); composite primer + SE bond (group 3); roughening with coarse-grit diamond bur + composite primer + G-premio (group 4); roughening with coarse-grit diamond bur + composite primer + SE bond (group 5); Er,Cr:YSG + G premio (group 6) Er,Cr:YSG + Se bond (group 7); bulk composite (positive control group). Then the same composite resins were packed on specimens into layers. After being stored in distilled water for 24 hours, specimens were thermocycled. The SBS of the resin composites were tested with a universal test machine. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P < 0.05).

One-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences between groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and control group. SBS of group 1 and 6 was significantly lower than control group. Surface treatment with diamond bur + composite primer + SE bond resulted in the highest bond strength.

Surface roughening with bur and using sixth generation adhesives (SE bond) and eighth generation bonding agents (G-premio) and laser with sixth generation indicated similar result to intact composite, although use of composite primer did not lead to acceptable bond strength for repairing composite. However Clearfil SE bond show highest bond strength.

Tooth avulsion is described as complete displacement of a tooth from its socket due to trauma impact. Severe damage to the pulp and periodontal tissues could lead to severe root resorption and tooth loss. This case report will describe the use of triple antibiotic paste and mineral trioxide aggregate for management of inflammatory root resorption in two avulsed maxillary central incisors.