Hormozgan Medical Journal
Volume:23 Issue: 3, Sep 2019

Given the significant consumption of antibiotics in hospitals and the likelihood of resistance, this study was designed to determine the pattern of meropenem and cefepime administration and prescription dose, according to Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and WHO Defined Daily Dose guidelines, at Payambare-Azam Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran.

A Retrospective study was performed from August 2016-March 2017, on 200 patients (100 patients receiving cefepime and 100 patients received meropenem) hospitalized in different wards of the hospital. A total of 189 patients were enrolled in the study, with was with consideration of the patients receiving the two antibiotics concurrently.

Of the examined patients, 58 (31%) were female and 131 (69%) male. In the group receiving meropenem and cefepime, 62% and 60% of the patients were above 50 years old, respectively. In terms of prescriptions, 85% cases of meropenen and 49% cefepime were performed according to the defined daily dose (DDD)’s guideline. Prescribing antibiotics for 170 (90%) of patients was empirical. Also, in the 176 (93%) patients, the dose was adjusted according to the creatinine clearance.

Increasing the number of empirical therapy, regardless of microbial cultures and susceptibility profiles, suggests further prospective studies to evaluate the reason for this finding

Today, obesity is a key healthcare problem on a global scale including Iran. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Hormozgan province, Iran to propose effective healthcare programs and strategies to reduce this dilemma in future.

The current study conducted in the South of Iran aimed at exploring the prevalence of overweigh and obesity in males and females in terms of social variables affected by demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, education level, smoking, and physical activity.

In the current cross sectional, observational study, a sample of 5000 eligible males and females above 18 years old were selected based on a multi-stratified clustering sampling method. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of variables such as weight, height, drug consumption, and physical activity. Statistical analysis was performed.

The present study findings revealed that 31.8% of the population in Hormozgan province was overweight, while only 15.2% were obese. The highest percentage of obesity (18.3%) was observed among the subjects aged 35 - 44 years. The prevalence of obesity among females was higher in urban population.

The current study results showed that the urban married middle-aged females had the highest rate of obesity, which requires appropriate educational planning and utilization of efficient models in the realm of females’ health

As negative consequences of sleep disturbances on cognitive performance in all age groups are well documented the study was aimed at identifying the effect of Yoga practices on selective attention of collegiate athletes following short-term sleep deprivation.

Nineteen collegiate athletes were recruited in a cross-over design in two phases. In the control condition, their attention was measured after short-term sleep deprivation (6 hours), then, they were given Yoga exercises within a one week washout phase. The posttest was performed following a one week Yoga intervention (experimental condition). The quality of sleep was measured by Actiwatch Sleep Analysis in the washout phase (a 7-day period), and the total score was obtained based on their performance in the last three days. The subjects wore an Actiwatch-7 on their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days. In the experimental condition, they attended exercise physiology and were tested. Dependent t-tests was used to analyze the data.

The results indicated that Yoga protocol improved both subtests of selective attention significantly, including the mean time for correct responses (t = 4.98; P = 0.001) and the mean time for correct rejections (t = 3.73; P = 0.001). Furthermore, the total score of sleep quality within the last three days of the washout phase improved significantly in the Yoga condition (t = 2.68; P = 0.01).

As known, sleep deprivation could result in poor psychomotor performance; hence, the Yoga exercise would attenuate the devastating consequences of sleep disorder in tasks needing decisions in individuals with such a problem. The results suggest that performing a Yoga exercise may play a major role in improving psychomotor performance in collegiate athletes who are vulnerable for sleep disturbances

Stillbirth is one of the unfavorable consequences of pregnancy. Generally, the true causes of fetal death are complicated and difficult to accurately identify.

The present study was aimed to identify risk factors for stillbirth among mothers referring to health centers of Hormozgan province, Iran.

This case-control study was conducted in 12 cities of Hormozgan province in 2015. The samples were randomly selected among those referring to the health centers of Hormozgan province by cluster sampling. Required data were collected by using a researcher-made questionnaire comprised of demographic characteristics of the mother pregnancy and delivery. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to measure the correlation between variables within a significance level of 5%. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, version 21.

A total of 825 mothers were recruited and assigned into two groups, experimental and control groups. There were 403 mothers with a history of stillbirth in the experimental group, and the control group was comprised of 422 mothers with a healthy live birth. The average age of the participants in the experimental and control groups were 27.68 ± 6.4 and 26.96 ± 5.4 years, respectively. Most of the mothers (> 90%) in both groups were housewives and most mothers in the case group (37%) were illiterate, whereas the majority of controls (43%) had a university education. The odds of stillbirth among mothers older than 35 years was 2.33 times higher than other mothers [OR: 2.33, 95% CI (1.287 - 4.246)]. The odds of stillbirth among mothers with a history of stillbirth was 10 times higher than those with no stillbirth history [OR: 10.1, 95% CI (2.846 - 35.973)].

The findings of this paper show that the fetal death is associated with maternal age, maternal education, maternal area of living, history of stillbirth in previous pregnancies and history of abortion in previous pregnancies. The results of this study may help to conduct future research effectively, and help supervisors and policymakers make evidence-based operational decisions.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inflammation are among the most common causes of mortality in dialysis patients. Factors such as chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia and elevated homocysteine levels may underlie the increased risk of CVD.

This study aimed to investigate levels of inflammatory markers, homocysteine, lipid profile, WBC, and BMI levels in hemodialysis patients compared with the control subjects in Isfahan.

A total of 32 hemodialysis patients and 32 healthy subjects were selected randomly and their serum levels of IL-6, CRP, homocysteine, and lipid profiles were measured.

According to the results, most of the studied hemodialysis patients compared to the healthy subjects had non-normal amounts of IL-6, CRP, and homocysteine i.e., higher than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Cholesterol, HDL, and LDL were significantly lower than the healthy subjects (P < 0.05), while triglycerides and VLDL levels showed no significant difference (P: 0.38 > 0.05). A significant difference of BMI was observed between the normal subjects and the patients; thus, this factor in patients was less than what was in the healthy group (P: 0.001 < 0.05).

The results demonstrated that in most patients the levels of factors IL-6, CRP, and homocysteine were abnormal compared to the healthy group. In addition, the risk of developing cardiovascular and inflammatory disease as well as dyslipidemia in these patients is higher than normal

Self-concept is among the most important factors influencing health, particularly during adolescent years. Mental health in adolescents, social adaptation, and healthy behaviors require coordination and adaptation with physical and mental changes resulting from this period.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of the Roy adaptation model-based intervention on the self-concept of teenage girls.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2016 on 64 teenage girls with the available random sampling method; subjects were randomly assigned into control and intervention groups. For the intervention group, 12 weeks of intervention were performed as instruction and follow-up. Data were collected before and after intervention using personal information form and a researcher-made questionnaire, including 50 questions of self-concept in teenage girls based on the Roy adaptation model. The validity was examined by content validity, and the reliability was examined by internal consistency with the Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS 16, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency), and analytical tests (independent t-test, chi-square). The significance level was below 0.05.

The average age of participants was 14.2 ± 1.21. Average self-concept before intervention in the control group was 171.31 ± 11.95 and in the intervention group was 165.03 ± 17.82 where no significant difference existed (P = 0.10). Average self-concept after intervention on control group was 176.62 ± 12.18 and in the intervention group was 197.06 ± 10.09, where a significant difference existed (P < 0.001). The results of the independent t-test in research groups after intervention showed that the employment of the Roy adaptation model promoted the average self-concept in teenage girls (P < 0.001).

Employment of the designed program, based on the Roy adaptation model, can promote the self-concept of girls regarding transformations during their adolescent years

Arterial anatomic variations and focusing on their path and relations are highly important for clinical, radiological, pathological and surgical diagnosis and treatment. Both inferior phrenic arteries usually originate from the abdominal aorta, just after passing through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. They rarely originate from the celiac trunk or from the renal arteries. They have an important role in the blood supply of the diaphragm. Each artery goes upward and laterally to the crus of the diaphragm, near the medial side of the suprarenal gland.

During the regular dissections in the dissecting room of the Anatomy Department (from 2008 - present) in 15 male cadavers with 55 years of age in average, variations in origin of the inferior phrenic arteries were observed in one cadaver. They originated from the celiac trunk.

In the present study there was a variation in the origin of both inferior phrenic arteries. The most common source of origin was abdominal aorta in 14 cadavers, but in one cadaver it originated from the celiac trunk in both sides. This case report provides helpful information about inferior phrenic arteries (variations and relations) also their clinical importance as well. Accurate knowledge about normal and variant origins of inferior phrenic artery is essential in liver tumor treatment and for the radiologists and surgeons

Identification of pregnant women in the pre-diabetes stage is very important because changes in the lifestyle of these women and pharmaceutical treatment can prevent diabetes mellitus and reduced maternal and fetal complications. This study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy outcome of pre-diabetic women in the South of Iran. This study demonstrated the incidence of pre-diabetes was 12% in the South of Iran and was higher than gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).