نشریه اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار و تابستان 1398)

The analysis of management knowledge based on Allamah Tabatabai's theory of credibility indicates that “organization as a machine” is the uprooted and fundamental credibility of management knowledge, which is loosely named as metaphor. The present research aims to answer the question of what is meant by this credibility in management knowledge? And is it possible for such an organization to expect the fulfillment of any aims and purposes, or that is use of this credit null and ineffective for purposes other than those defined for it? To answer this question, first, we examined the historical background of management knowledge in the context of the industrial revolution and in the deeper layers of the intellectual-cultural revolution of the Enlightenment of the West, and then reviewed the basic principles of management thought that was the product of these trends and finally analyzed the management knowledge based on the changes that took place in ontology, humanities and social structures of this period.

Various motivation management theories originate from the kind of viewpoint into human and his needs. Dealing with motivation from this point of view is important and necessary for theorizing in the field of human motivation and in its application areas, especially in management. According to this point of view, in the research, whose pattern has been extracted by thematic analysis method and confirmed by a sample of 16 specialists of Motahari’s system of thought, while investigating various approaches to Islamic motivation, with a foundational approach the categories of needs and tendency from the perspective of Islamic anthropology and according to Shahid Motahari’s views and thoughts has been explained and finally a six-level pattern of the system of needs and human tendencies from this point of view has been raised. These six levels include vegetative attitudes (desire for food and reproduction), animal attitudes (desire for food and reproduction along with lust and wrath), human attitudes (desire for selfishness), humanity attitudes (such as ethical tendencies and truthfulness), faith attitudes (the desire for perfections in absolute terms) and divine attitudes(the tendency toward nearness to God, or the tendency towards absolute perfection in absolute terms).

The purpose of this study is to investigate and illustrate the model of collaboration among researchers in the field of strategic management in Iran. In this study has tried to draw up and to analyze a collaborative network between researchers in this field of knowledge by reviewing 332 articles that were published by Iranian authors in 3 related journals such as strategic management studies, strategic management thought and strategic management researches during the period from 2012 to 2016. This article has an applied approach and has done by using indicators of scientometrics and social network analysis. In this regard, numbers of scientific productions, authorship patterns and the most prolific authors and institutions as well as the features of collaborative networks and related indicators have been analyzed by using the UCINET network analysis software. The results of this study indicate that 686 researchers from 67 universities and research institutes had involved in writing the articles in this field, which despite of the fact that teamwork of these researchers is mostly around a three-person model, but they tend more to produce science in the form of small groups and the relationship between them is relatively middle.

The tourism industry is one of the most important factors creating wealth and employment in the world. Religious tourism is one of the main types of tourism in Iran. This kind of tourism can be a source of knowledge, development and sustainability for communities. This study provides a comprehensive framework for identifying and investigating the direct and indirect effects of each of the factors affecting the development of religious tourism in the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, at first factors affecting the development of religious tourism in Iran is identified by comprehensive review of the literature and opinions of experts in the field and then these factors were rated using Interpretive Structural Modeling(ISM). According to the results “Formulating rules and regulations” and “Having systematic thinking”, is the most basic elements in the development of religious tourism of Iran that must be taken into serious consideration by executives in the industry. The results of this research will help policy makers so that they can choose a better path for the development of religious tourism.

The present qualitative research aims at proposing a management method for the managers’ financial Deviance in Iran’s governmental organs using the systematic design of the grounded theory. To do so, in addition to performing semi-structured interviews with 20 experts, managers, university specialists and governmental organizations’ directors, as the study sample volume, a collection of the preliminary topics were re-gathered within the coding process and certain themes were extracted from their heart. Then, in the pivotal coding stage, the link between these topics was determined under such titles as causal conditions, core category, mutual action and reaction strategies, context, intervening conditions and consequences of Deviance management within the format of a paradigm. Next, in a selective coding stage, every single component of the coding paradigm was explicated, the story’s trend was delineated and a theory was composed. Finally, the peremptory predicates and the strategic theories of the study were specified. The study results indicated that deviance sense-making conceived in the minds of the managers as a core category resulted from individual, organizational and the extra-organizational factors. The context factors (resource management), as well, are the driving forces contributing to the financial Deviance consequences of the managers; moreover, intervening managerial factors are identified as the controlling and inhibitive factors barring managers from displaying financial Deviance. In their actions and reactions to the effective stimulating and deterring factors and under the effect of their mental conceptualizations, managers adopt two sets of strategies: constructive and devastative strategies. The constructive strategies are followed by positive outcomes (organizational and extra-organizational); the devastative strategies are followed by negative outcomes (organizational and extra-organizational).

Confronting issues of structural complexity having multiple stakeholders with different perspectives, and the systematic nature of changes in these issues, has led to the use of systemic approaches to improve the understanding of the nature of the problem and to solve it. This study aimed to identify strategic renewal in insurance industry by using soft system methodology. The systematic nature of the changes and its complexity and the existence of multiple stakeholders has added to the importance of using systematic methodologies in the insurance industry. Therefore, the rich picture of the research problem, the CATWOE analysis and the root definitions with the agreement and participation of owners through meetings and interviews with experts in this field was reckoned. As a result the conceptual model of strategic renewal was presented.

According to the increasing population of the metropolises, creating smart cities is an inevitable issue in the modern world today. Smart city development is a dynamic design which mobilizes the IT sources of organizations and their affiliated companies in support of and advancement of their goals. Considering the global experiences in which municipalities have been the focus of development in the creation of smart cities and have the most connection with the citizens; this research is focused on the Tehran municipality and also based upon the need for these companies develop a strategic framework to increase their efficiency, and their success in the target market, and meet the needs of citizens. Therefore, this research has been written in order to develop the strategies of these companies for the development of Tehran’s metropolis as a smart city.  This research has a descriptive-qualitative approach and it analyzes the data from the research strategy of data-grounded theory. The present research has proposed concepts such as operational strategy, decision strategy, work force strategy, marketing strategy, financial strategy and strategic focus, which are among the main strategies for smart city development; In the area of decision-making strategy, the decision-making factor of advisory; and in the area of operational strategy, innovation, performance management and process factors; and in the area of financial strategy, Financial Management, Cost leadership, Outsourcing factors; and in the area of work force strategy, Human resources management, Organizational Culture, Education, Competency Management, Participatory Management factors; and in the area of marketing strategy, market management, after sales service, users, Pricing and Sales factors; and in the area of strategic focus, Focused production, are identified as appropriate strategies.

A glance at the state of the creative industries as a new concept for research institutions and policy makers in the country indicates that the researchers and policymakers of the country have little regard for this cultural-economic concept. This concept covers a wide and diverse range of industries, such as advertising, architecture, design, fashion, animation, movies, computer and online games, which, based on its cultural and economic functions for the country, requires a profound and more serious attention from the policy institutions in the country. The purpose of this research is to provide a model consisting of systems and components that affect the value chain of creative industries based on the conditions and characteristics of Iranian native cultural and economic characteristics. Based on this objective, the present study extracts a native model for the value chain of the creative industries using interviewing experts and using the grounded theory method. The results of the research are presented in a model based on the metaphor of the system, that is named Iran’s value system of creative industries.

Corporate development can be achieved through in or out-of-company strategies. Some of the most important exploratory actions are: to do strategic alliances, joint venture, acquisition, or investment in ventures. Corporate venture capital is a strategy used by large companies in various industries around the world. In Iran, the use of this method, especially among ICT companies is growing. The present research goal is to design CVC model for Iranian companies. Since there has no studies been conducted in this country before, the exploratory method of grounded theory has been used to present the model. In this method, the data are collected through deep semi-structured interviews with industry and academic experts and are codified in three stages to reach a paradigm model. In the proposed model, Corporate venture capital has been identified as the main phenomenon and causal conditions, context, intervening conditions, related actions, and consequences have been introduced. Next, theories are articulated through a storyline building process around categories. Finally, the research contributions and limitations are mentioned.

Organizational Dashboard is a tool full of rich indicators, reports and graphs that dynamically acts to help managers control the performance of the organization any time. Therefore, to have efficient data, using business intelligence logic is inevitable. Business Intelligence is a system in which different, dispersed and heterogeneous data of an organization is integrated and make decisions through the establishment of analytical database for managers. This study is developmental and practical. After reviewing literature and interviewing with 38 experts in universities and organizations, organizational dashboard developmental factors together with the business intelligence logic were presented that were 357 codes. Using content analysis and focus group methods, these codes were grouped to 24 based content and 7 organizer contents. Then in two stages using interpretive structural modeling the contents of the basic themes and organizer themes were modeled separately and with respect to the consistency of two modeling the two were combined, creating a final model of the organizational dashboard development together with business intelligence logic. In the final stage, using importance performance analysis the organizational dashboard development together with business intelligence logic in SAPCO were evaluated as Industrial Production company which can be a detailed road map for organizations to design and implement an Organizational dashboard and business intelligence. The results show that due to the strategic planning process, and performance evaluation and procedures based on quality management system and also deployment of the Oracle software, systems and software infrastructure is available in this company but because of lower priority issues of business intelligence in SAPCO dashboard development process together with business intelligence logic was not considered as an organizational project with high priority and further research is needed in this area.

This study was conducted with the aim of the survey of relationship between managers’ strategic competencies with human resource value creation using the Interpretative Ranking Process Approach. This research is a mixed research, because is regarded as both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The statistical population of the study consisted of 20 managers and staff of hospital who were selected using purposeful sampling. To confirm the validity, IRP questionnaires were distributed among experts and confirmed by them. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which was equal to 0.87. Research findings include identifying managers ‘strategic competencies’ and human resource value creation results and analyzing and evaluating managers’ strategic competencies in human resource value creation. The results indicate that team building and leadership skills are more important than other strategic competencies of managers, leading to the creation of human resources in the organization. Also, intelligence skills, cultural intelligence capabilities, networking, and strategic partnership are other important managers’ competencies in human resource creation. Furthermore, using the (IRP) it was determined how the managers strategic competences affected on the human resource value creation. The results indicate that empowerment in team building and leadership through improving skills and competency, increasing entrepreneurial spirit, increasing flexibility, increasing motivation, improving creativity and innovation, increasing employee commitment, honoring employees towards customers and improving organizational culture can lead to human resource creation be in organizations.

The cinema industry, as the most influential cultural industry in each country, deserves more attention and planning, than the service it provides. This market, like other existing markets, has both supply and demand or the manufacturer and the buyer. Therefore, the interaction of these two with each other and the buyer’s attitude and how to shape the buying behavior in order to recognize and promote this market is of great importance. Unfortunately, this industry has not been successful in attracting audiences in recent years. This failure is rooted in a number of factors, which can be used to increase the number of audiences by knowing and planning the components that affect purchasing decisions. The research question of the current study is that which factors directly or indirectly affect the Iranian audience purchase? Most of the researches carried out in this field are based on an economic approach, while in the present study, the issue has been considered with the marketing approach and from the point of view of purchase decision making and the behavior of cinema audiences. Therefore, using a decision making model of buying for cinema audiences and ranking the factors affecting purchasing decisions, a study was conducted in Tehran with a sample of 320 people. In the inferential analysis, the components were ranked by Friedman’s nonparametric test and the results of the test showed that the “state of affairs” component was the highest, then the components of “communication”, “feature of the film” and “structural quality” were in the next ranks.