نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 5، تابستان 1398)

In recent decades, the flow of foreign direct investment has been more visible in the global economy, and its impact on other factors including the institution is considered. The aim of this study is investigating the effects of foreign direct investment on institutional gaps between Iran and selected countries during the period 2001-2017. For this purpose, panel data method and generalized least squares approach have been used for selected countries. The results of the study show that foreign direct investment has a significant and negative effect on the institutional gap. The population variable in the host country (Iran) has a significant and negative effect on the institutional gap, but in the selected countries has a non-significant and positive effect on the institutional gap. The economic growth in the host country (Iran) has a negative and non-significant effect and in selected countries it has a positive and significant effect on the institutional gap. The geographical distance has a significant and positive effect on the institutional gap between Iran and selected countries.

The business environment is the conditions or environment except that the company manager or owner has the authority to change. This environment contains a wide variety of variables. It includes macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, inflation, loan rates, international environment such as the country's positive or negative political conditions, the administrative environment, the quality of administrative services, the health of the administrative apparatus, the speed of work and the level of security. The main aim of the study is to investigate the effect of Islamic banking contracts on the business environment in Iran. In order to collect data and information about the variables in the model, Iranian Central Bank and World Bank website were used in this study. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was used to estimate the model between 1999-2017. According to the research findings, Karzol Hasaneh contracts, Exchange contracts and partnership contracts have positive and significant impact on business environment in both short and long term. In addition, the Human Development Index and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have a positive impact on business environment in both short-term and long-term. The negative impact of inflation has been determined in the short and long term business environment in the country. Based on the estimation of the Error Correction Model (ECM), the short-term imbalances of the dependent variable decrease by 54% and move towards long-term equilibrium.

Choosing the right organizational structure, one of the prerequisites for successful adaptation to international evolution's. This will be possible by continuous design of the organizational structure. Therefore, the present study, with the goal of understanding the design of the configuration of structures with the emphasis of mission-oriented organization. The present research method, Qualitative study which, while reviewing the literature of the subject with the method of thematic analysis, effective criteria were identified using MAXQDA software; and also, using the point of view of 16 experts from University with non-random sampling, with the help of fuzzy Delphi fan, in two steps, through online surveys, 18 criteria for designing the configuration of structures were analyzed and finalized. Data analysis eventually led to the formation of 18 organizing themes and 3 comprehensive themes including stretching, important parts of the organization, types of organization coordination. The results showed that organizational ideology is considered as the most important criterion in designing the configuration of mission-oriented organizations

This study aims at determining the relationship between creative climate, customer knowledge management, innovation capabilities and their impact on organizational resilience. The statistical population is the managers of the food industry exporting companies with their central offices in Tehran. 90 Structured questionnaire based on literature was administered to the target statistical sample. Simple random sampling method is used. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were established using face and construct validity as well as Cronbach's alpha. To analyze the data and to test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software is used. The results indicate that creative climate has a significant positive impact on innovation capabilities and organizational resilience and customer knowledge management is found an effective factor in innovation capabilities. Innovation capabilities is also found a predictor variable having a significantly positive impact on organizational resilience.Keywords: creative climate, customer knowledge management, innovation capabilities, organizational resilience

Sustainable development of business cluster is one of the most effective approaches to developing small and medium industries. In our country, there is not a comprehensive model of sustainable business cluster development. This is despite the fact that many successful experiences in the development of clusters have been achieved that, while fitting with the native conditions and the business environment in our country, has led to sustainable development in various clusters. Therefore, the present research seeks to provide a model for the sustainable development of business clusters by applying the theory of data base and modeling of structural equations. In order to collect the required data, 18 of the development perpetrators were interviewed. The sampling method was theoretical sampling method. Following the coding steps, the final model of the research was obtained. The model derived from the Fundamentals Data Theory Method was tested using structured equation method to model the model in other clusters and ensure its reliability. The scrolling results of the model illustrate the complete validation of the model derived from the data theory method. The results of the research show that in order to develop sustainable business clusters, a systematic and comprehensive view should be taken that the model presented in this study, while having a systematic and comprehensive approach, will be successful in developing the resulting clusters. It is tailored to the business environment and conditions in our country and a native and functional model.

Abstract In recent decades, tourism possessed a unique stance in the economic development of countries. It has improved the indicators of the social justice and promoted living standards and the welfare of the communities, in addition to influencing the production and employment processes.Tourism prosperity and the development of the related businesses, in addition to domestic markets, require the introduction and presence in diverse foreign markets (regional and global). Internationalization in the tourism industry can lead to the introduction, development and prosperity of tourism in the country. Consequently, in addition to leaving the economy of a single product, has significant impacts on improving the economic situation of individuals, society and the country. This descriptive-analytic research has been conducted to identify different models of the internationalization of businesses, and to provide the best method for the internationalization of tourism business. For this purpose, various studies and internationalization models were identified through studies and investigation of the literature. Implementation of the findings (models and theories), the development of the categories and then their analysis were carried out using MAXQDA software. The results of the research show that the internationalization of business strategies are based on exports and presence in foreign markets; and the indicators introduced in these methods are not suitable for the internationalization of the tourism industry and for providing the foreign tourists with services and products. Instead, it requires focusing on the domestic perspective and presenting a new strategy.

After JCPOA the development of collaboration between Iranian and European NTBFs was considered by policymakers. Germany was one of the countries who were impressive in this collaboration. But many factors affect the development of these collaborations. The consequence of this research is the analysis of influence factors on the development of international strategic collaboration among Iranian and German Biotech companies. Since Bio companies were studied in this research, the strategy of this research was to select the multi-case study, and the approach of this research is fundamental-practical. The tool used in this research was interviewed, and the researcher interviewed 19 experts in the biotechnology industry in Iran and Germany. So this makes the study, cross-border research. The results of the qualitative content analysis demonstrated that according to the frequency of the experience of the interviewer, in the international scope, the international sanction is the most effective barrier and in domestic dimension, the number of institutions is the most effective barrier. Also, the factor of development of market and development and improvement of technology are the two most effective motivating factors. Use of special accounts and mechanisms to resolve the foreign currency problem, identify a specific institute in the international affairs of biotech companies, and create a union to integrate the resource of biotechnology companies before facing the internationalization issues. These are the suggestions that can help the bio-industry policymakers based on research findings.