نشریه مرمت و معماری ایران
پیاپی 18 (تابستان 1398)

AbstractGenerally, design thinking has been defined as an analytic and creative process so that it provides opportunities for experience, creation, receiving comments, and redesigning. Design thinking is linked to the fields such as architecture, designing and art and is also discussed in many disciplines. Among various proposed paradigms, emphasizing on the academic-educational aspect and as one of its defined subcategories, designerly thinking is taken into account as a method based on reasoning which is related to teaching architecture. Due to the complex nature of both teaching and design thinking, their relation includes different delicacies. Although some studies have been conducted on design thinking as a type of thinking, its consideration, inclusion and presence in teaching architecture have not yet been mentioned completely and clearly. The present paper aims at defining the contribution of design thinking in the mentioned descipline through dividing conventional and situation-based thinking, and teaching introductory courses of architecture designing as the basic designing courses. To reach this aim, inference and content analysis of the results of the studies conducted on design thinking, teaching architecture designing to have a better perception of the characteristics, process, and differences between the novices and connoisseurs together with using successful experiences are all necessary things in this discipline. By applying content analysis method (coding process and defining the principal categories) and deductive reasoning, we analyzed the authoritative studies and in order to consider indigenous education and to enjoy the teacher’s opinions, the teachers and scholars’ responses in this regard were analyzed in the completion of the research data. The results of the procedure were explained in three categories: knowledge development, type of statement of the problem and teaching how to reflect (in three branches of self-observance, self-monitoring and self-assessment). Implementation of each category is explained in eight stages and then, the strategies were evaluated by designing a quasi-experimental study between the test and control groups from the students studying at the third semester of bachelor’s degree in the field of architecture. The results are presented in form of three groups including the main strategy, educational designing and monitoring of teaching and assessment for teaching basic designing courses which are significant to the researchers in the fields of teaching, architecture and design thinking.

The environment meaning is one of the components in the city image that is formed under the influence of human factors and the artifact environment. So far, many research studies were performed on the impact of the artifact environment components on the environment meaning. But what is ignored and not studied is the order imposed on urban blocks. urban blocks are investigated in diverse aspects like environment, energy consumption, social interaction, pedestrian movement, etc in order to provide appropriate pattern for urban designers.The main subject in the present survey is ignorance of order imposed on urban blocks in environment meaning studies. Therefore, urban designers have no access to appropriate directions about this viewpoint to use in designing the related project in urban spaces. This problem is more important in relation to spaces with function at urban scale.Based on this matter, a question is raised as what is the right and appropriate order imposed on urban blocks in spaces with function at urban scale?For finding the answer, it seems that the comparison of two historical and renewed textures is appropriate in Chahar-Bagh Street and Foulad-Shahr City Center, respectively with different block orders. Therefore, the goal of this article is to determine a suitable order for blocks with function at urban scale. For achievement of this matter, a comparison was performed between Chahar-Bagh Street and Foulad-Shahr City Center using statistical correlation, chi square and Fisher test. Finally, it was found that historical Chahar-Bagh Street generates the required perception for spaces with function at urban scale.

The view at the apparent composition of the streets of a city is the first visual perception of each person from that city. Charbagh Abbasi Street is a valuable centerpiece in identity of Isfahan as a historical city. Over time, due to body wear and erosion and unplanned renovations, some significant changes have been made in the physical form of this axis, and the identity aspects of the Chaharbagh axis have been undermined. By investigating Charbagh Abbasi Street, from the perspective of context, one can determine the degree of visual unity. It will also be possible to put buildings in different applications according to a specific plan, while maintaining the independence of style and innovation in relation to the adjacent monuments, in peaceful coexistence with the physical environment around them. In context-oriented architectural considerations, the focus should be on the issue of retreat from the street, the distance from adjacent buildings, how to combine the construction volumes, the approximate height, proportions and orientation of the facade, the shape and distant landscape, the door and window mode, the materials, the color and the scale of the building as well as particular attention was paid to the elements of mini-scale. So far, researchers have studied this street in descriptive, historical and cultural view, but less focused on the basics of context in this axis. The purpose of this article is to introduce the context of the architecture and to analyze the current status of Charbagh Abbasi Street in accordance with the factors of context. The purpose of this article is to introduce the context of the architecture of the context and to analyze the current status of Charbagh Abbasi Street in accordance with the factors of context. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection method is through field observation. By recognizing the context-oriented architecture and studying the principles of context-oriented, Chaharbagh's body is examined through context-oriented components.

Nog-Abad district, located at the end of the bazaar, is one of the historic Nains's seven neighborhoods, which has a valuable historical heritage. Following the lack of provision of contemporary inhabitants' needs on the scale of the district and construction units in the historical context, migration began, followed by the displacement of the population, the replacement of non-indigenous peoples, the abandonment of some units, the beginning of exhaustion, and its gradual escalation. The sabats of this district, built on the main roads, are considered as architectural elements of urban spaces. Following this general process, sabats are also damaged and in most cases, they don’t have their previous role. The underlying surface of sabat was related to public space of passway and the ownership of the high space of the passageway is both public and private. The present study uses descriptive-analytic research methodology based on library studies and field observations and the process of forming the article is by creating a logical order in the available scattered content using the rational reasoning strategy. The purpose of the research is to use a qualitative approach to identify the sequence of activities in order to develop restoration plans of the architectural structures, which can be presented as a case study in the framework of an analytical-methodological framework in the district of Nogabad of Nain Historical Context. In the end, the results of the research showed that considering the nature and function of the sabats in order to provide their proposed restoration instructions, it is necessary to determine their position in the revitalization plan of the district. Accordingly, studying and evaluating historical plans, recognizing and analyzing the district by SWOT matrix, formulating goals and strategies in the four components (physical, functional, social, economic), are considered as the priorities of revitalization plan of district before determining interfering areas. Three-dimensional interventions have been identified and segregated based on the homogeneity of existing uses, latent potential, and complete recognition of the neighborhood. Etminan and Bagherian sabats and two Khajeh mosque sabats in intervention area 1 are aimed at becoming a touristservice complex. Two Fatemi and Amini sabats are located in intervention area 2. This area is defined with the aim of becoming a decent residential complex with urban vitality based on the residents' needs.

Vernacular architecture has increasingly absorbed the attention of architectural communities in recent decades. Finding a common feature between all the historical and geographical varieties of vernacular architecture will improve the recognition of this kind of architecture. On the other hand, context and contextualism in architecture is a multidimensional tendency and all the different architectures have made their own benefits from that. In this survey, vernacular architecture contextualization has been studied, around this main question that how much vernacular architecture is related to contextualism in different aspects of the context. In this article using the descriptive-analytical method, different definitions and aspects of vernacular architecture given by specialist, experts have been scrutinized and contextualistically reconsidered to make a clear-cut understanding of the relationship between vernacular architecture and contextualism. The analysis of written resources in vernacular architecture in this survey highlights the tendency of the writers to different aspects of the context. It should be mentioned that contextuality is a relative value and it can be measured in case of comparing official architecture versus vernacular, the two which are considered opposites.

The ruins of impressive structure made by adobe known as the city of “Belgheis” is located 3 km from Esfarayen in the province of North Khorasan of Iran. The role of soil quality in the occurrence of damages to clay and adobe structures of Belqis area is the purpose of this research. Choosing the right soil is the first step in the preparation of adobe, Therefore, it is necessary to study the role of soil. The collected samples were analyzed by using Physical, chemical and mineralogical studies. The fine-grained soil texture is full of sand, silt with reduction of clay. also, the destructive phases of Muscovite and Calcite are in samples. All of These are in accordance with soil studies of the region. these cases as Physical and Chemical was determined as parameters of soil in process of Damage caused by descending humidity.