نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 76 (تابستان 1398)

Future wars will be characterized by massive use of air forces and related smart weapons.Accordingly, considering the superiority of our enemies in aerial offensive weapons, air defense gains an especial importance to maintain an effective counteract and aerial superiority.
On the other hand, designing domestic strategies of defense is a critical element in national government and independence. Therefore, equipping   our armed forces with domestic and functional strategies would be an effective step toward further empowerment of these forces.
This paper aims to formulate a battlefield air defense strategy, assuming a military raid, by US army, on Khoozestan province as a strategic part of country, and regarding the features of future wars, US army weaknesses and strengths.

Strategic thinking is not just an alternative to what's under strategic management umbrella، But rather a special method of thinking with certain characteristics and recognizable.)Mintzberg, 2009: 65) Strategic thinking is a combination of processes of insight and innovation The result is the integrated vision of the organization. The main objective of the research is to investigate the role of strategic thinking in promoting the combat capability of military organizations with an emphasis on the intangible factors of combat power (individual and organizational). Based on theoretical foundations, the conceptual model of the research is drawn up. The questions of the questionnaire were designed according to the factors and indicators of the conceptual model and after analyzing the sample population using the combination research method (pepticism and descriptive-analytical), it was analyzed. The statistical population is 110 people and the results of the research are applied. The results of this study indicate that there is a close relationship between strategic thinking and combat power. Conceptual thinking, system thinking, and futurism, which are elements of strategic thinking And vary in size on individual and organizational elements of combat power And as their strength increases, combat power is equally affected, Because strategic thinking focuses on the future direction with all its components and chooses the best option through different ways.

Islamic Republic of Iran has a high strategic and critical status in Middle East. The mission of I.R. Iran armed forces is to protect its independence, territorial integrity, and political system. Fulfilling such a mission will require combat readiness against counteract threats, and therefore, assessing factors and sub-factors of combat superiority, and their methods of application is an important task. Accordingly, this paper aims to assess these sub-factors with an asymmetric  threats approach. Factors and sub-factors are gathered from existing literature via document reviews, and interviews. Gathered data has been standardized and categorized by screening based on their importance. Results show that I.R. Iran armed force is in a good condition according to superiority sub-factors. Hence, by reinforcing sub-factors, it is possible to reach a higher combat readiness.

This paper aims to assess fundamental role of an order. Orders are playing a crucial role in any organization, especially in military ones. Based on the importance of this subject, we tried to extract a conceptual framework and related data using opinions of elites, interviews, focus groups and questionnaires. Descriptive methods are applied to codify principles; and descriptive and analytical statistics, especially variance analysis, is applied to analyze data extracted from questionnaires. SPSS 19 and Excel are soft wares used for statistical analysis.  Extracted principles are assessed in two steps by interviewing 11 senior commanders and results are analyzed using qualitative methods. Opinions of elites are used to validate these principles. Results show that orders in I.R Iran armed forces are rooted in four determinative factors, namely: 1. Sharia, 2.wisdom, 3. Law, and 4. Organizational Mission. Finally, in conclusions, a model is presented based on valued documents of I.R. Iran, including Quran, Hadith, quotes of Imam Khomeini, orders of I.R. supreme leader, laws, and armed forces disciplinary regulations.

One of the important components of power is the economic power of a country. And rich countries have the ability to influence other international and regional equations. On the other hand, the economic components of the dominant countries have always been used. The enemies of the holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran have also used sanctions, threats and economic wars to hit this system. Although the purpose of these sanctions is blatant pretexts like the defense of human rights or the prevention of access to nuclear energy, in fact the hostility of these austerity powers with the people and the ideals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran has created economic restrictions against the republic Islamic Republic of Iran. Economic defense that incorporates deterrence, power of response and economic capability, is designed to counteract the economic invasion of the enemy and provides a strong foundation for resisting external impacts. The collection of statements made by the Supreme Leader and the extensive documents communicated to him, in particular the document of resistance economy and the national production document, are a treasure of valuable strategies and strategies for economic defense. This research was conducted with the aim of developing economic defense strategies from the point of view of the Supreme Leader and in the basis of the grounded theory method. Using the set of statements of the Supreme Leader and the documents communicated by the Supreme Leader (society and statistical sample), while presenting the model of economic defense, Economic defense strategies are: support for national production, the expansion of the people's economy, the growth of the productivity of production factors, self-sufficiency, the development of knowledge-based economy and export development.

Today, threats are tended to exercise soft power. Soft threats are more desirable since their much less costs, their effects on soft elements of national authority, application of non-violent methods and so on. Therefore, it’s obvious that pathology would be a matter of importance in preventing and confronting with such threats. In this essay, the relation between pathos and threats is studied both generally, and especially in the case of sanction resolutions against I.R. Iran. In the first step of this process, terminology of research (terms like security, threat, pathos and pathology) are defined; and then, a review of the history of sanctions against I.R. Iran is presented to clarify the impacts of sanctions on the countries on both sides. Finally, regarding the terminology, and assuming sanctions as a threat for Iran, pathos and paradigms of confronting them is discussed.

lations between Iran and Saudi Arabia after the revolution has always been associated with fluctuations. In order to conduct scientific research, with the aim of formulating political scenarios under the influence of external relations, Iran and Saudi Arabia following the developments in the region Arabic (1391) to the period from 1404 Hijri, research to answer the question that the most important political scenarios affect relations Iran and Saudi foreign Arabic region to the year 1404 after changes mean? Therefore, research in terms of goal, but in terms of the nature of the application and descriptive - analytic. And the statistical experts and scholars that the first step by the 12 members of the elite important factor in foreign relations, Iran and Saudi reckon and then according to the method of analysis of data from quantitative factors Ehsai between 22 experts qualified in the questionnaire were assessed. The scenario is as follows: The dispute between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Islamic revolutionary ideology in the next decade will be maintained. Tension in relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia with regard to the situation in the region, in the next decade will increase., With implementation Brjam (January 1394), concerns about Saudi influence regional and global Iran will increase and Saudi Arabia are forced to act differently will., between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the geopolitical Bahrain, Iraq over the next decade continues.

Biven the ambiguity of the many variables influencing the decision making fields, based on mathematical methods and expert systems such as fuzzy cognitive maps a new strategy for more transparent procedures governing the dusty environment is intelligence strategic decision. The aim of this study was to analyze and simulate effective action on the crisis in Yemen actors using the new tools of analysis fuzzy cognitive map. Expertise Panels and Semi-open questionnaire, attempting to identify, Elemnets and their prioritize the variables affecting the Yemeni crisis and with the help of analysis tools of statixtical correlation, Friedman ANOVA, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and fuzzy cognitive map, relationships and interaction factors identified and shown.
Contributing forces in Yemen crisis including twenty in the form of a conceptual model of the interction of these factors was found. None of the factors affecting the strategic environment of the crisis in Yemen has not totality role. Several scenarios can be replicated in the future is the crisis in Yemen But the most important factor affecting the crisis in Yemen is the Yemeni Popular Forces. Analysis shown that there is no no sustainable end to the crisis is not identifiable with out considering all factors specially the whole yemenis will.

The Subject of competency strategic commanders and managers in times of crisis and unpredictable situations, can be used as one of the most important issues by the source is defense. Army in any country, they need to take advantage of that qualified commanders, merits and special features. The purpose of this research is to design a measurement pattern of the competency of IRAIF’s senior commanders with asymmetric warfare approach. In this study the theoretical foundations, the issue of fighting power, competency models, as well as matters of war and Asymmetric warfare and its associated properties have been investigated. The study was based on objective, applied development. The method used in this study is mixed and also in terms of time period. In the first phase, a conceptual model regarding the issue of competence commanders with the corresponding process (review of literature, interviews and gaining opinions of 15 experts with snowball sampling, and use content analysis and is provided. In the Measurement of the population living in the centeral units stratified random sampling were carried out, is described the research data and analysis of data provided by the questionnaire, the subjects were gathered, discussed. And assumptions and conceptual model was tested through software Smart PLS. After the test, In addition to providing rating of all research components (15 components), individual aspects, related to the organization, interpersonal and insight in order of priority were the first to fourth. Finally, some applied suggestions presented.

One of the important steps in the implementation of overall  policies of passive defense in Govermental  Organizations is the recognition of barriers.This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive / survey and in terms of mixed method (quantitative and qualitative).
The issue was not the knowledge of obstacles to the implementation of general policies of passive defense. Two research questions are: What are the main obstacles to implementing the general policy of over-protective defenses in government agencies?And what is the priority of the effective factors.
Using the theoretical bases of experts' opinions and using the Delphi technique, 22 variables were identified as factors influencing implementation of these policies. Then a questionnaire was designed and implemented with a targeted sample of 43 people.
Binomial and Variantsifreadman tests were used to identify the barriers of implementation. The findings show the existence of 17 factors as barriers Including: Weakness in threatening, The poor attitude of managers to passive defense , Weakness in commitment and commitment to policies, Weakness in legal requirements, Disproportionate organizational structure, Lack of resources and resources, Not Priority.

Geopolitical advantages on the one hand and the pillars of national power on the other hand can be effective in transforming potential geopolitical elements into a set of actual elements of national power for national defense.   The country of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been able to make a positive and effective position in international politics due to its geopolitical foundations and its two human factors and Islamic ideology.  In this paper, the researcher used a descriptive-analytical method to identify geopolitical factors affecting the national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, then prioritize them by explaining each of the roles and finally determine which of the factors taken into account in increasing the national power of the Republic Islamic Iran has more influence.  In this case, the goal of the formation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is derived from our religious teachings, will be the objectives of the Great Architect of the Islamic Revolution (Rahmullah Aga) and the great leader of the Islamic Revolution's Supreme Leader's Shiite world (the Prophet.

The matter of agility that is first introduced in 1991 regards the measures that are performed in order to gain flexibility and to attain supremacy in the environment. This matter is an important item for the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Force Therefore, this thesis under the title of “Dimensions and the components of agility of military organizations” is discussed here. The conducted research is an applied one and the methodology of it is case study and field research; and its aim is to answer the following question to achieve it: What are the dimensions and components of the agility of military organizations? To investigate the relationship between two qualitative variables, nonparametric statistical analysis (Chi-square test) has been used that tests the independence hypothesis between two variables. In this method, by rejecting the null hypothesis of independence of variables, the correlation between them is proved. Also, for testing the model, using a random-class sampling method, a sample of 118 people from a population of 75 was selected and questionnaires were sent to them. The results of this research show that agility dimensions are divided into two physical and non-physical dimensions, the physical dimension of which includes the technology component and the non-physical dimension, including components of human resources, organizational structure, innovation and creativity, command and control.

Most ofmaterialistic and theological ideologies, according to their point of view and perception of humane goals, regard the end of history as a move towards unity of nations of the world; a globalization. Liberal-democracies release their main theories of globalization-like theories of Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington- celebrating Humanism and prioritizing material needs of human. In contrast, Islamic point of view emphasizes on a divine Savior and establishment of global rein of Imam Mahdi, according to its roots in Quran and Hadith. This paper aims to assess the success of both Islamic and Western points of view and duties of I.R Iran aiming realization of Islamic point of view, regarding cultural state of contemporary world. This is an applied research and is done using descriptive-case study methods. The data are analyzed by qualitative methods. Statistical population of this researchconsists of 280 experts and a sample of 30 is selected among them applying Cochran formula. A survey research is done using questionnaires.