فصلنامه مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی
پیاپی 61 (بهار 1398)

Achieving an effective, efficient and economical performance is the main responsibility of each organization's management. The efficiency and effectiveness of management in each organization means the ability of its managers in the preparation, development, allocation, maintenance and utilization of the existing resources, and the performance audit is one of useful instruments in improving the planning and control of operations and presentation of methods for the advancement and development of performance. The present research aims to evaluate the present situation of performance audit in the public sector of Iran and present strategies for its improvement. Evaluation of the present situation of performance audit requires experts' opinions considering their mindsets. In the present research, dimensions, components and indices of the performance audit pattern and the functional status of each index were evaluated and the difference between the present situation and the desired one was determined using the experts' opinions. According to the results obtained from the statistical analyses, all of the research indices are important and considering the significance-performance analysis, the functional situation of performance audit indices in the country is in the "acceptable" and "weak" areas.

Influence of managers, specifically CEOs which is used as a mean of control the output of accounting information, may lead to management of disclosure quality timeliness and present information quality aligned with management interests. The presented study goal is to examine influence of CEO on disclosure quality of accounting information in Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies. In this paper, CEO tenure, duality of CEO role and mandate of executive board were used to measure management power. To examine the proposed hypothesis in this study, General linear model has been used. The samples were collected from 122 of the Companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange Between 2010 to 2017. Findings suggest that timeliness of accounting data has a negative and meaningful relation with management power. Meanwhile there was no trace of a meaningful relation between disclosure quality of accounting information and capacity of reliability on such accounting data; and management power. Such findings indicate that while managers use their power to timeliness of disclosure of data along with their interests, they refuse to use this power to sabotage the capacity of reliability of accounting information.

In this research, the relationship between earnings to stock per price ratio (E / P ratio) with sales future growth and stocks systematic risk in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange is investigated. The purpose of the research is to determine whether investors are paying attention to the quality of information presented (earnings per share), and reflects this on corporate future sales growth and the systematic risk of stocks. It also examines whether there is a meaningful relationship between E / P ratio and future sales growth. The sample of this research includes 146 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2016. The linear regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The research findings show that there is a negative relationship between earnings per share (E / P) and future sales growth. In fact, companies that have a higher profit / share / E / P ratio have lower sales growth. Also, the results of the research show that there is a reverse relationship between profit to share price (E / P) and systematic risk (β). In fact, in companies with an E / P ratio, the systematic risk (β) was lower. Other research findings show that there is a positive relationship between earnings per share (EPS) and future sales growth. The results also indicate an inverse relationship between earnings per share (EPS) and systematic risk (β).

This study examines the impact of information demand and supply in cyberspace on stock return and stock return variance. This research seeks to determine whether the information demand and supply can have a significant impact on stock return and stock return variance of companies listed on Tehran Securities Exchange. The study was conducted on a daily basis during the period 2012 to 2016 among 50 listed companies on TSE. In order to estimate the impacts, a Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) model is used in panel data. The predicted model is also estimated by the method of generalized moments. The estimated results show that information demand and supply have both been able to significantly affect the stock return of companies in the sample at a significant level of 5%. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate that the information supply and demand share on the stock return variance is increasing over time.

In the long-run event studies, the measurement of abnormal performance due to specific events in the long run is done according to different methods. The calendar - time portfolio approach is one of those methods used to calculate the abnormal returns resulting from the effect of the event being investigated on the stock price of the firms. In this study, based on the data of 321 firms in the period of 1396-1380, the power of those methods in the Iranian capital market were assessed through simulation. The results show that following a performance appraisal of stock prices of firms in the long run, the three-year period should be taken into account. In addition, the four-factor model based on stock liquidity in the ordinary least square, and the Fama and French’s three-factor model, a four-factor model based on stock liquidity, a four-factor model based on stock beta and a four-factor model based on accruals in weight-average least squares , were identified as good models in the three-year period.

The main aim of the present study is to examine the effect of intellectual capital disclosure quality on capital cost of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population of the present study is consisted of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the time frame of 2008 to 2015 and sample volume is considered equal to 140 companies by using screening method. in this study, hybrid data is utilized. intellectual capital disclosure quality (disclosure of structural capital, disclosure of human capital and disclosure of relational capital) were considered as independent variables as well, in order to study their effect on capital cost of companies. In this study, in which panel data was used, results obtained firm data analysis by using multiple-variable regression at 95% confidence indicated that intellectual capital disclosure quality (mental capital disclosure, human capital disclosure and relationships capital disclosure) have a negative (reverse) effect on capital cost.

The value at risk as one of the risk measurement criteria can be used to determine the Stock Optimal Portfolio. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimum portfolio of shares using value at risk. To this end, data from the weekly prices of the stock of 17 selected cement companies (which their data have been available) has been used during the period January 2012 to March 2017. First, the value at risk for each share is calculated using a parametric approach and a variance-covariance method, and the optimal portfolio weights are comprised of the shares of the companies mentioned. Then employing nonlinear planning, optimization of the stock portfolio with the lowest value at risk was performed with respect to the expected returns. Based on the empirical results, the highest weight in the optimal portfolio belongs to the stock, which has high expected returns and has the lowest value at risk among the companies under study.