نشریه مدیریت و پژوهش های دفاعی
پیاپی 85 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

This Research is intended to explain the role of the Shohadaye Sepah Special Brigade in the operation of liberating Piranshahr-Sardasht Region in 1982. In other words, identifying the role of the commanders, headquarters and the battalions of the brigade, the importance and features of the operational field, and the interaction and association of the special type of Shohadaye Sepah Special Brigade with military and security forces and local people in the region are explained in this paper. This research follows a descriptive-analytical method and employs combined method for data collection (documentary, library and field method).  Qualitative data analysis of the research is conducted by interpretation of the experts from the data as well as statistical analysis of the interviews with the specialists. The results of operation of Piranshahr-Sardasht, included the security of 97 kilometers of border roads between the two cities, the liberation of 157 villages as well as the people in the region which had been under the occupation of the forces of the global arrogance for four years. The research results indicated that the special brigade of the Revolutionary Guard, containing 3 fighting battalions and a mechanized battalion, has played a great role in the battle as a major contributor.

This research is aimed at investigating factors affecting the promotion of the insight of the commanders of Sepah in fighting against soft war. Using a descriptive-analytic method, this applied research follows library and field studies for collecting data. While conducting theoretical studies and field observations, the researchers attempted to take an effective step to achieve the goal of research and to provide an answer to the question of how the effective the factors are, and to explain their impact on promoting the insight of the IRGC commanders in fighting against soft war. Hence, having conducted theoretical studies and field surveys at the construction headquarters of Khatam-al-Anbia, the components and factors contributing to the promotion of the level of insight of the commanders of the IRGC in fighting soft war were identified, and the conceptual model of the research was designed. Finally, the factors were classified in a questionnaire consisting of 22 closed questions to receive the opinion of the population of the statistical sample. The questionnaire was distributed among 28 experts in the community of total population sampling. Having collected the questionnaires and having analyzed the opinions of the sample group, the researchers analyzed the data using statistical techniques and methods ending in an answer to the research question. Three components of the affirmative and preventive factors of promoting the insight of commanders' were identified in 22 factors. In terms of their average priority, their impact as effective factors in promoting the level of insight of the commanders of the Revolutionary Guards in fighting soft war was explained.

Due to the importance of shooting in Islam, especially for the military forces of all countries as well as the Islamic Republic of Iran, this research is intended to identify and investigate effective factors which increase students’ shooting skill in a military university. Regarding the subject and the method of answering the research question emphasizing on the factors that increase the skills of shooting of students of a military university, this research follows a descriptive-empirical method for investigation. This research uses applied-survey and documentary-library method as well as note taking and internet resources and field study by distributing questionnaires for data collection. Quantitative method is used for data analysis. Total population sampling method is used for this research. The questionnaire was distributed among 22, shooting experts and all of them were recollected and were analyzed. The results were analyzed by the SPSS software. The results indicated that eight factors influenced the increase of shooting skills which were ranked according to their average as follows: 1) facilities and equipment, 2) individual characteristics, 3) instructors and trainers, 4) textbooks, 5) types of training and their qualities, 6) psychological factors, 7) environmental factors, and 8) physical strength.

Countries experience has revealed that consideration of the emergence of threats and the processes of its expansion is a vital necessity for the realization of national, regional, and international arenas for all countries. Moreover, scrutinizing the threats is regarded as the first stage of crisis management and national security planning. Decision makers and political managers can employ some types of social and economic planning to reduce parts of the threats and risks. Yet, they may face new types of security threats. This can be attributed to the principle of transformability and changes in the type of threats. For example, the first and second plans of Iran's economic development led to an increase in production and economic growth, and promoted the consumption of per capita and GDP; yet, the country faced the emergence of new forms of security threats. This research is intended to explain how a phenomenon changes into a security problem. It aims at dissecting the threats faced by societies and to explain the process of how they extend from an ordinary phenomenon to a security challenge. The research follows descriptive method for data collection of library resources, and employs elite method and analysis in dealing with the diagnosing threats. The community involves all documents, evidences and information contained in this section.

This research is intended to investigate the dilemma and the cleavage in the national security of modern Iraq (Post-Saddam era) in the context of its sociological ground. The Iraqi society has become just like a mosaic of social cleavages suppressed in the era of the Sunni-Ba'ath regime in the process of unification. After the occupation of Iraq in 2003, an encouraging situation was created which helped the gaps to expand more. As a result of the accumulation of social forces around these gaps. As the main domestic actors, these groups gained power to express themselves. This reflected in great ethnic and religious violence which resulted in the lack of a strong central government for the country. This research is aimed at exploring how the sociological foundations of Iraq have affected the failure of national security in the new era (after occupation). The research reviews the hypothesis that social cleavages, as the central feature of sociological institutes, have become more in-depth by the shift in the balance of existing identities from power centers. It has resulted in more security challenges due to their Incompatibility. Based on the theoretical approach of community security and following a descriptive-explanatory method, this research concludes that the Sunni groups, among the main Shiite, Sunni, and Kurdish activists, demonstrate a much higher incentive to get involved in violence due to their feelings of insecurity of their identity and power. On the other hand, due to an identity link between the Iraqi local actors and the ethnic-oriented governments of the Middle East, the internal conflicts has changed into inter-state clashes; therefore, it has made it more difficult to manage Iraq's national security.

Focusing on the factors influencing Saudi War against Yemen, this research aims at identifying the factors that affect Saudi Arabian war against Yemen. Using a descriptive-analytic method and a questionnaire, as research tool, the researchers collected data through survey method. To achieve the objectives of the research, 40 people including experts, specialists and professors were selected as the statistical sample. The questionnaire consists of 15 items based on the five-point scale containing individual information and measurement figures. The data acquired from the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software, descriptive and inferential statistics. Discussing the definition of the objectives and features of the war, the importance, the political structure, and the defense strategy of Saudi Arabia, the strategic situation, the political position of Zaidi movement, the emergence of changes in Yemen, and Saudi invasion of Yemen due to the unrest situation of the country and its effective factors were explained in this research. In response to the main research question about the effective factors influencing Saudi war against Yemen, the researchers found out that the most important factors include Saudi’s reaction to the internal developments in Yemen due to the geographic and strategic position of Yemen, Saudi’s concern about the establishment of a Shi'a government in the North of Yemen and its influence in the substantial Shiite population in Saudi Arabia, the strategic competition of Saudi Arabia with Iran and its attempt to prevent Iran's influence in Yemen, and Saudi’s harassment in dealing with the resistance front and the transformation of resistance discourse into a hegemonic status in the region.