فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات
پیاپی 55 (تابستان 1398)

1108/5000 In recent years, Islamophobia and clashes against Muslims have created many problems and problems not only for Muslim citizens in different parts of the world, but also a major challenge for the whole world. The history of human societies suggests that the lack of social interaction has been the cause of misunderstanding, suspicion and social conflict between human societies. The thinkers consider the context of sustainable peace to be intercultural, which plays an important role in reducing violence, promoting friendship, social tolerance and Social tolerance. In this article, the present paper addresses the role and influence of intercultural communication in reducing Islamophobia in the world. The present research method is based on the subject-matter of the documentary-analytic type. The results of the sociological analysis of the present study show that communication Interculturalism can play a major role in reducing the extent of Islamophobia in the present world, effective mechanisms in the field of intercultural communication to enhance the collective spirit, create a background for shared emotions and religious experience, retrieve and create common sacred symbols, dialogue between Muslims and the West, facilitating information from various religions This is the ultimate role in reducing fear of Islam and Islamophobia in the world will be.

Children have many significant roles in their surrounding environments. They alter, modify and recreate spaces they are involved. Today many important architects employ children in the very first stages of their architectural creations. Children are considered as elements of spaces specifically spaces allocated to them, namely kindergartens. However in Iran kindergartens are not constructed based on this namely group’s needs and wills. Children are ignored and not evaluated as the primarily components of the formation of these spaces. In this article the named issue is studied through a survey of 5 different kindergartens built in Tehran and compared with 5 others in Toronto Canada. The Christopher Day theory, observation and interviews have been applied and therefore employed in different studied kindergartens in Tehran. Results indicate architecture for children is related to education, art and design creation. According to the named necessary children concerns, it is shown that most kindergartens in Iran are designed regardless of basic children needs.

In this article, the hero and hero characteristics in the cinema of Masoud Kimiai have been studied, and also the impact of social situations on the evolution of the hero in pre-revolution and post-revolution of Iran in Kimiai's films are considered. Therefore, “Qeysar”, “Dash Akol” and “Reza, the Motorcyclist” are selected from his films before the Islamic Revolution in Iran and “The Boss”, “Trial on the Street” and “Crime” are three examples of his films after the revolution. The method used in this study is narrative analysis based on the theory of hero archetype by Joseph Campbell. The findings of this study showed that the reflection of social conditions leads to the creation of two different kinds of heroes in the cinema of Masoud Kimiai. Therefore, the heroes in Kimiai’s films, before the Islamic Revolution, have legendary characteristics; nonetheless, in recent years, his narrative view is far from his past one and his heroes, according to social conditions, have sunk in everyday life.

The present study aims to describe the lower class construction in the film narratives after the Islamic Revolution in Iran and to interpret how social-political changes might have affected this construction. To this end, a narrative analysis was conducted on a number of 16 films made during the period 1981-2016 drawing upon Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of the new poor. The findings suggested that the poor were represented as victorious and valuable in the movies made in the 1980s. However, the value attached to the represented poor gradually reduced in the next decade so that they were illustrated as victims of social harms in the 1990s, as impotent people in the 2000s, and eventually as guilty people in the 2010s. The cinematic construction of these concepts tends to reproduce the dominant cultural discourses in Iran in any given decade so that, in a bigger picture, the trend of representations aligns with the consumer capitalism discourse towards the poor.

Communication and information technologies, especially social networks, have the ability to provide areas and public spaces and shape a new kind of governance, called e-government or e-government, to exchange information and discuss and participate. Broader citizens. The present research studies the impact of the role of social networks on the realization of digital democracy. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which virtual networks and e-government can provide the context and conditions for the realization of digital democracy through the formation of a public sphere. The statistical population of this study is the students of Mazandaran University and instrumental researcher made questionnaire. The findings of the study indicate the high utilization of virtual networks and e-government services. However, the use of social networks and e-government services is for medium and low levels of political activity, meaning that the realization of digital democracy has not been fully implemented, but the explicit results confirming the main hypotheses of the research are the existence of the relationship between the network Social, e-government, and digital democracy.

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The present study in terms of goals, is applicable, in terms of nature and type of study among qualitative research and among interpretative using the phenomenological research strategy of “Van Mennen”, we seek to explain the essence of experience through the phenomenon of social and cultural activities of intellectuals in virtual social networks and the deep understanding of this phenomenon on students ' political culture. The research study field included students from the Tehran Science and Research Branch. The data of this research were collected through purposeful sampling and in-depth interview with 21 people and analyzed using Van Mennan's phenomenological analysis method. After analyzing the data, the main themes and several sub-themes were obtained, which in total showed that the role of intellectuals as knowledgeable people in society , whether in civil institutions and social organizations , and in the state of belonging to parties and political parties , has been publicly affecting the political culture of society in a form of forms and in the social and social sense of students , students are finally involved in the formation of a national emotional and emotional state .

This paper analyzes the history of the content of two party newspapers towards the future and the West and their role in the nationalization of the oil industry. In the years of 1320 to 1332 (1941-1953), political parties were active participants and legally authorized to operate in Iran. The political parties were aware of the power of the press, and each of them benefited from the publication of a daily or weekly to advance their goals and purposes. The Iranian National Front under Leadership of Mosadiq and the Tudeh party of Iran were two powerful political forces at thet time. The Tudeh party benefited from popular support and Soviet international politics, and the National Front consisted of a coalition of several small parties that relied on the nationalist spirit of Iranians. In the course of the nationalization of the oil industry, the two parties' publications continuously focused on the nationalization of the oil industry, and propagating anti-British and anti-BP rhetoric. In this research, using a quantitative content analysis method, we analyzed the news content of the nationalization of the oil industry in two newspapers for a period of four weeks before and after the nationalization event in two party dailies, representing the National Front (Bakhtar-e- Emrooz) and the Tudeh Party (Bakhtar-e- Emrooz). The findings of the research showed that the Bakhtar-e- Emrooz newspaper, published more positive news about the future of oil nationalization than the other one.

News agencies are one of the sources of information and health news in our country. However, the study that examined the issue of health communication in this media has been less widely seen. "Health Communication" is the art of information technology, the impact and encouragement of individuals, institutions and public audiences on important health topics. This article aims to understand the approach of three news agencies ISNA, TASNIM and MEHR in addressing the issue of "promoting health" and "understanding the format of health messages" in the coverage of health-related topics. For studying, the framework for framing theory and the Tannahill Health Promotion Model, which depicts the areas of health promotion, and content analysis method were used. 507 items were investigated during the period from May to August 2014. The findings showed that among the various health topics, news agencies considered "health-related benefits, such as proper nutrition, exercise, and vaccination," with 18.9%. Supporting health in the media in the form of three themes: "health policies", "legal and legal controls" and "restrictive or unwanted policies of unhealthy actions" were investigated, which supports health agencies with 70.6% in the form of "health supportive policies". They considered less than two other issues. Aggregates have highlighted early prevention, with 83 percent showing. News agencies have used more positive messages in the formulation of health messages, with a frequency of 32.4%.

Economic development requires capacity building, and foreign investment is one of the capacities of linking the domestic economy with the global economy. Governments take measures to attract foreign investment to offset the backwardness, business prosperity, and the enjoyment of comparative advantages. Also, in order to establish national development, all institutions, including national media, have a role to play in this regard. The purpose of the research is to analyze the role of the national media in this field and provide appropriate solutions. To this end, using the basic methodology and interviewing the professors of economics, communications science and government officials and the media, the model of media factors effective on attracting foreign investors was obtained. The evaluation of the results of the final model of the paradigm of media factors shows that national media has failed to play the role of the national media due to the lack of specialized interaction with the government, the lack of a vision of investment, the lack of government media attachment, the demand and direction, and the lack of specialized economic forces. Media diplomacy will play in attracting foreign investors.