نشریه پژوهش سلامت
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 16، تابستان 1398)

Distress tolerance is one of the factors that can have a great impact on the mental health of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of subjective well-being in the relationship between social support and distress tolerance in elderly with cardiovascular disease.

The research design was correlational through structural equation modeling. The sample consisted of 100 elderly people with cardiovascular diseases who were taken care of in Bojnourd Welfare Center. They were selected by census sampling method. The participants completed the measures of distress tolerance, social support, and subjective well-being. Reliability and validity of all scales were confirmed. The proposed model was evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on AMOS-23 and SPSS-23 software. Bootstrap method was used to test the effects of the proposed model.

The results showed that the proposed model has good fit. Social support has a direct effect on mental health and distress tolerance (P<0.0001). Also, the mediating effect of subjective well-being on the relationship between social support and distress tolerance was confirmed (P<0.0001).

The results showed that mental health could mediate the relationship between social support and distress tolerance in elderly people with cardiovascular disease. Elderly and family care centers are therefore recommended to emphasize the role of supportive programs for the elderly.

In psychosomatic disorder, focusing on the predominant pain, the individual suffers from physical symptoms and has persistent concerns that usually lead to symptoms of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two components of distress tolerance and emotional regulation on depression in these patients. 

The research design was quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test) with control group. The study population was female patients referred to a neurologist referred to a psychologist. Among them, 30 patients with depressive psychiatric disorders were selected by convenience sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. These patients were evaluated by diagnostic interview and second version of Beck Depression Inventory at pre-test, post-test and two-week follow-up. Then the experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy in 9 sessions (90 minutes). Multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to evaluate the efficacy of distress and emotion regulation training on psychiatric disorders (intervention group) and to compare it with the control group. 

The study was conducted in two groups of 15 people between 26-37 years. The results showed that after the required time to follow up, depression was significantly reduced in the treated group (P<0.01). 

Depending on the nature of the illness and the person's perception, psychiatric disorders are associated with other disorders such as depression and anxiety. Dialectical behavior therapy seems to reduce depression symptoms by affecting the components of distress tolerance and emotional adjustment.

Experimental findings indicate that in addition to lifestyle, living environment has undeniable impact on human health status. As a result, this study aimed to investigate the effect of urban structure and morphology on different diseases (based on the number of hospitalized patients).

The research method in this study was descriptive and analytical. Required data, especially independent variables of income and population density, were collected through field surveys and library documents and from previous research. After summarizing and classifying the data, SPSS software was used and analyzed using inferential statistics models, especially regression.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between increased hospitalization risk and 10 variables of urban morphology. It is also possible that other land use features may not correlate the increase in different diseases with the land use type. But the use of morphological indices confirms this relationship in an acceptable way.

By using the relationships between the types of land use and the incidence of disease in city dwellers, existing and future land uses can be organized in a way that has the least negative consequences.

Supply chain integration has always had a positive impact on the quality of patient care. Given the enormous impact of the health system on citizens' lives and the complexity of the supply chain in this system, the aim of the present study was to identify and rank the effective factors on hospital supply chain integration and then propose a model.

Library studies and a focus group meeting consisted of 4 experts in the field of medical equipment and procurement were used to identify the factors affecting supply chain integration. The opinions of 4 hospital experts were also used to rank the criteria and sub-criteria. The ranking technique used is fuzzy hierarchical analysis.

11 sub-criteria related to external supply chain integration and 9 sub-criteria related to internal supply chain integration were identified. These sub-criteria were then subdivided into three criteria: information management, relationship management, and operations management. In terms of external integration, the criteria for managing relationships and sub-criteria of our commitment to the parties, supply chain program and long-term working relationship were most important. Also, in terms of internal integration of information management criteria and sub-criteria having IT platforms and the process of executing internal purchases were more important than other criteria and sub-criteria.

The model of supply chain integration of medical equipment was presented in terms of internal and external dimensions and the following important factors of each of these dimensions along with their weight. Finally, based on the above findings, practical suggestions have been made to improve the integrity of the hospital supply chain in the field of medical equipment. This model is very effective in improving the health system and quality of patient care.

Health is one of the factors affecting human capital, economic growth and development. Considering the importance of the effect of public health expenditures on health, as well as the increase of the share of public health expenditure on GDP, the aim of this study was to investigate the causality relationship between public health expenditure and health status in upper middle income countries.

The present analytical and causal study was conducted internationally for upper middle income countries. Annual time series data were extracted from the World Bank database for the years 1990–2017. The panel vector self-regression model was estimated and the required tests were performed in Eviews 10 software.

The results show that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between public health spending and health status. Increasing public and private health spending, gross national income, and education spending have a positive effect on increasing life expectancy.

Increasing public health spending leads to improved health and better health results in lower public health spending, so governments' investment in health will lead to improved health, thus adopting policies to increase investment in health infrastructure and technologies, increase services. Public health, subsidies, and national health insurance can help improve the health of society.

Promoting community health increases labor productivity through various ways. On the other hand, an increase in labor productivity can improve health outcomes. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between health indicators and labor productivity in Iran.

The present analytical study, using time series data from 2000-2015, examines the Granger causality relationship between health indicators (including life expectancy and health expenditure share of GDP) and labor productivity index. The Toda and Yamamoto Granger causality test were used. Also, the statistical analyzes performed using the Eviews9.0 software.

According to the results, there is a strong causal relationship between health indicators and labor productivity at 99% confidence level. Also, the existence of causality relation from labor productivity to health indicators is confirmed at 90% confidence level. In general, the existence of a two-way causal relationship between health indicators and labor productivity is confirmed.

Adopting appropriate policies to improve the health and labor productivity can help to promoting another index in the country.

Social health as one of the dimensions of public health in the community along with mental, spiritual and medical aspects play a significant role in the sustainable development of society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of social health based on the Keiz model in elementary school textbooks.

The research method is quantitative content analysis. Statistical population was also elementary school textbooks and statistical sample of 6th grade experimental science textbooks. Content validity using CVR was 0.90. To assess the reliability, three evaluators were asked to examine the components of the present study that there was agreement and the coefficient of agreement was 0.80.

The results showed that the highest importance factor was related to the social prosperity component with 67 frequencies and the lowest importance factor was to the components of social cohesion, participation and acceptance, which was not observed.

The present study showed that the social health of the studied textbooks was not paid much attention and that textbooks should be reviewed from this perspective.

The purpose of this study was to apply the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to evaluate the relationship between managers 'and executives' leadership competencies with hospital performance.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical study using leadership competency questionnaire. Evaluated indices include of communication skills, decision making, encouragement and innovation, work communication, leadership and professional skills, self-esteem, and teamwork, which measured by 5 scales. Then, three basic performance indicators of hospitals as bed occupancy rate, bed turnover ratio, mean duration or length of stay were studied. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation.

There was a positive and significant relationship between the components of managers' competence with the performance indices of the studied hospitals (P=0.01). The mean scores of leadership competencies were better in hospital managers number three than others. Hospital No 2 also gained the highest scores in terms of leadership competencies (0.55649) and performance indicators (0.55817).

Assessment of leadership competency in hospital managers and executives and performance indicators improves structures to superior systems, modernization and empowerment of personnel, transformation of hospitals and health centers, increasing productivity and reducing existing costs.