مجله بیومکانیک ورزشی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پاییز 1397)

Chronic back pain is one of the problems that most people sufferfrom it. This disease directly affects on walking parameters. Changes in walking parameters increase the amount of pain in these individuals.Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the types of therapeutic interventions on walking parameters in these individuals.

By searching for articles related to kinetics, kinematics and therapeutic exercises on patients with chronic low back pain in validated databases, based on the research criteria, 83 articles were selected as final papers for this overview study.

A review of the studies has shown that a types of physical exercises were effective in improving pain and walking parameters in this disease. But there was a significant difference between the types of physical exercises on land and exercises in water.

Water exercises due to its unique characteristics, such as bloating, immersion and resistance, are a safe and proper environment for these patients to perform therapeutic exercises and improve the walking parameters.

Standard prevention and treatment strategies to decrease peak plantar pressure include a total contact insert with a metatarsal pad, but no clear guidelines exist to determine optimal length of the pad with respect to the metatarsal head. The purpose of this study was to Check the appropriate length of metatarsal pad On the reduction of Diabetic foot ulcer mechanical parameters while walking

fifteen subjects with diabetes mellitus and without a history of forefoot plantar ulcers were studied (mean age = 57 ± 9 years). Forefoot plantar pressure and pressure-time integral data were recorded using the RS-scan system while participants walked along a 10 m walkway. Five conditions were tested: (i) bare foot, no padding (the control), (ii) a metatarsal dome with %18 of foot length, (iii) a metatarsal dome with %20 of foot length, (iv) a metatarsal dome with %23 of foot length, and (v) a metatarsal dome with %25 of foot length.

Compared to the control condition, each of the forefoot pads significantly reduced forefoot peak pressure and pressure-time integral. Peak pressure significantly decreased in metatarsal areas 1, 3 and 4 by increases the metatarsal pad (p =0.001). But in the metatarsal areas 2 and 5 in the differences were not observed statistically significant, respectively (p= 0.4) (p =0.05). The second parameter (pressure-time integral) significant difference between the five conditions was observed (0.001 = p). But the significant (increase or decrease) in between the pad and metatarsal area was different. In the metatarsals 1 and 2 on the pad at 18% and 20% of the time pressure to significantly was reduced, but in the pads 23% and 25%-time pressure to significantly increase was observed. In the metatarsals 3, 4 and 5 on the pad 18% of the time pressure increased and the pads 20%, 23% and 25% reduction in peak-time pressure was observed.

These findings indicate that peak metatarsal head pressure decrease by increase of metatarsal pads length, but the effect of the pad on the plantar pressure time depend on the metatarsal area and pad length. Pad length relative to foot is a step towards developing an evidence-based algorithm for the construction of optimal insole in therapeutic shoe design; we recommended that pad 23% is optimal length.

The purpose of this study was to investigate postural control position in relation to anthropometric and postural Indicators of Active Persons.

The statistical population of the present study was active Persons (mean age: 21.15 ± 2.02 years, height: 1.78 ± 0.07 cm, weight: 71/50 ± 10.15 kg, BMI: 22.45 ± 2.53 kg / m2) University of Guilan were in the academic year of 97-98. The selection of the statistical population was available and the subjects were selected randomly from among male students of physical education. A Number of 40 students was selected as the sample.  The anthropometric and the postural Indicators of the present study were chest width, chest depth, chest circumference, forward head, round shoulder, kyphosis and lordosis. In order to Assessment postural control, the SLS test was used in four different position. Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model were used to examine the significance of variables.

The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the forward head with the first condition (r = +0.633) and the depth of the chest with the third condition (r = -0.409), the fourth condition (r = -0.372), the total condition (r= -0.428) and chest circumference with the third condition (r = -0.354). There was no significant relationship between kyphosis, lordosis, round shoulder, width of chest with postural control.
Discussion and

Overall, in the present study, there was a significant but weak relationship between some anthropometric and postural Indicators with postural control. And it seems that anthropometric and postural indicators alone cannot affect the postural control position of active and healthy male students.

proprioception is part of the body's sensory system who is responsible for collecting information for the central nervous system to inform about the status of different parts of the body relative to each other Fatigue can causes disorder in the proprioception. In this research, the effect of quadriceps and hamstrings muscles fatigue on knee proprioceptive function in healthy women was investigated.

20 healthy young women with an average age of 25 to 35 years which is in terms of the range of knee joint and muscle strength and did not have any musculoskeletal disorders, the subjects were tested By Isokinetic dynamometer, the target angle reconstruction at 30, 45 and 60 degrees in the knee flexion was measured in active and passive.

Research result has shown that local fatigue of quadriceps and hamstring muscles, there is no different meaning full between pretest and posttest at 45 degree angle in passive condition (p>0.05). Also in compare local fatigue of quadriceps and hamstring muscles, p value has meaning full in passive condition at 30 and 60 degree angles (p<0.05).

Our results that the quadriceps and hamstring muscles fatigue can affect the knee joint proprioception and reduce the sense of joint position. Also, it seems that hamstring muscle fatigue has a greater effect on the sense of joint position than the quadriceps muscle.

According to importance of balance in daily routines and sports activities, it is necessary to evaluate the balance of the body from different angles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to Comparison of Center of Pressure and time to Stabilization in students with and without Hyperlordosis.

In this study, 30 female students of Tehran's middle school with a range of 14-15 years old who were selected by available sampling method were participated. Subjects' spinal curvature was evaluated by a flexible ruler. Which divided into two groups: 15 patients with hypereloidosis and 15 healthy subjects. To assess postural static stability in a static state, from open and closed eyes on the force plate (Ver3.0.2 model from an Iranian scientist) was used. also to assess postural stability in the dynamic state, the landing stability test on the force plate device was used. Independent Sample T test statistics were used to analyze the data.

The results of the statistical test showed that there was  no significant difference in the parameters of the center of pressure (COP) in two- position with open and closed eyes between the two groups of healthy and hyperlordosis (p> 0/05). But the time to stabilization (TTS) between the two healthy groups and hyperlordosis was statistically significant (p <0/05).

The results of this study showed that the Spine Curvature Disorders (hyperlordosis) as a risk factor can distort the dynamic balance index (time to stabilization), But has no affect the static balance with both open eyes and closed eyes (center of pressure).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of unstable shoes on the sole of the shoes pressure of walking in healthy male students with different geometric shapes. Today, various shoes have been developed to reduce the effects of injury parameters and improve performance parameters for walking.
 

20 of the healthy male lambs were selected 178.96 ± 3.92 cm, 27 ± 3 years old, 73.99 ± 6.6 kg and 42 (EU) number, in four position, domestic production unstable shoes , foreign Similar unstable shoes, regular control shoes, and barefoot, The maximum foot pressure level was evaluated in the ten foot areas of foot by foot scan while walking. To examine the significant statistical differences between dependent variables between the four conditions of foot cover, the general linear model and the analysis of variance with repeated data and / or Friedman in the case of normalization of data in the alpha level of 5% using software version 23 SPSS was used)P<0.05).
 

The maximum foot pressure level was evaluated in the ten foot areas of foot in four cases of foot cover and only significant changes were observed in the three areas of the thumb and fingers and the fifth metatarsal region)P<0.05).
Concluosion: The results indicate to the domestic production unstable shoes inefficiency the sole of the foot pressure adjustment.