International Journal of Cancer Management
Volume:12 Issue: 9, Sep 2019

Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer that has been one of the main causes of cancer death worldwide. The matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) gene was expressed in the gastric cancer tissues compared to the matched normal tissues that are associated with the metastasis of gastric cancer cells.

This systematic review was performed to investigate the role of MMP-2 in gastric cancer among the different population.
Evidence Acquisition: We searched on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Cochrane Library Database without any language restriction for relevant publications which were published until April 2019.

Thirty two original and relevant studies that evaluate the association between gastric cancer and MMP-2 were included. This systematic review indicated that increased MMP-2 expression has been seen in gastric cancer. MMP-2 over-expression may play a crucial role in degrading extracellular matrix as well as stimulate angiogenesis.

MMP2 over-expression can play a critical role in tumor metastasis, tumor size, invasion, and lymph node invasion in GC

Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies and presents increasing incidence and mortality trends in the world, with a mortality rate of 14.33%. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes 90% of all malignancies in the oral cavity. In spite of new therapeutic strategies, the risk of metastasis and mortality rate is still very high.

A total of 54 samples (18 samples of each grade) were collected from the archives of the Pathology Department of Be’sat Educational Hospital, Hamadan, Iran from 2000 to 2017. The specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Besides, the samples were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) method for vasculogenic mimicry (VM) detection.

The chi-square test showed statistically significant differences between the expression level of endocan and lesion grade in the research groups (P = 0.025), lesion grade and VM formation (P = 0.001), and tumor grade and microvessel density (MVD) count (P = 0.000).

The results suggest that endocan mediates tumor progression possibly via a few mechanisms such as cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and VM formation. Further studies are required to reveal the mechanisms, by which the endocan acts as an oncogene. In addition, endocan could be considered as one of the tumor markers and a possible new target for cancer therapy.

In order to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of various methods of breast cancer, it was expected that the use of non-invasive imaging techniques would be the earliest and the best technique of patient management.

We attempted to evaluate mammography and ultrasonography reports along with clinical diagnosis and their agreement with the definite diagnosis of breast lesions by pathology report.

This cross sectional study was conducted on 287 women, who were referred to the cancer research center and breast clinic in Tehran between August 2016 and September 2017. The patients’ basic information and their history were asked and recorded on the checklist. Also, the information obtained from the imaging report as well as the results of the pathological assessment were extracted.

Compared with the pathological evaluation, the clinical assessment showed a sensitivity of 89.7%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.6%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 90.24% in differentiation between malignant and non-malignant lesions. And specificity of 51.6%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 89.2%, and a diagnostic accuracy 87.8% in differentiation between non-benign and benign lesions. Mammography had a sensitivity of 24.7%, PPV of 100%, and an accuracy of 40.2% in differentiation between malignant and non-malignant lesions. And specificity of 82.0%, NPV of 31.1%, and an accuracy of 59.0% in differentiation between non-benign and benign lesions. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 26%, PPV of 100%, and an accuracy of 41.44% in differentiation between malignant and non-malignant lesions. And specificity of 58.2%, NPV of 53.3%, and an accuracy of 80.6% in differentiation between non-benign and benign lesions. The cost for correct diagnosis ratio was estimated 12.31 Dollars in clinical assessment, 109.66 Dollars in mammography assessment, and 122.32 Dollars for the assessment with ultrasonography.

We deduced that clinical assessment was in line with pathology finding in comparison to mammography and ultrasonography in differentiation between malignant and benign lesions. In conclusion, we suggest that every radiologist pass more specialized training for reporting the mammography and ultrasonography images for declining false negative and positive results.

Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) is a member of the herpes family that, like other herpesviruses, causes a lifelong infection following entrance into the human body. The etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, this virus, was first identified in a biopsy of a Kaposi’s sarcoma tumor in an HIV-infected patient.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of HHV-8 in semen specimens from HIV-negative individuals.

Semen specimens obtained from HIV-negative individuals referred to an infertility center were transferred to the central laboratory for HHV-8 DNA amplification via the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

The prevalence of HHV-8 in the referral population was 26%.

The prevalence of HHV-8 in the semen samples of our study population may be representative of its prevalence in the normal population. Further studies are, therefore, recommended to determine the prevalence of the virus in the normal Iranian population

Quality of care in breast cancer is a widely researched topic, with many objectively measurable indicators of quality in healthcare. However, while there is a large consensus on the importance of patient’s perspective in breast cancer care process, there are only a few tools to measure such subjective indicators, and none of them has been validated for its use in Italy yet.

The aim of this methodological study was to validate a cultural and organizational adaptation of the quality of care through the patient’s eyes breast cancer (QUOTE-BC) questionnaire for its use in Italian breast units.

The QUOTE-BC questionnaire was translated, adapted for the Italian context and pre-tested on a small sample of breast cancer patients during their hospital stay. The questionnaire was then administered to a large sample of patients from December 2016 to May 2017 in order to further validate it. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was also handed out to assess patients' level of satisfaction.

A total of 212 patients filled the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the five-factor structure of the original questionnaire explaining 80.2% of the total variance. The Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.84 showed a good level of internal consistency. The VAS difference between the groups of patients giving positive and negative answers showed that, in almost all the items, there was a statistically significant difference in patients’ level of satisfaction between the two groups.

In this study, we validated the first Italian adaptation of the QUOTE-BC (IT-QUOTE-BC) questionnaire, which represents a valuable tool for supporting clinical and organizational decisions in Italian breast units. Moreover, the routine use of the IT-QUOTE-BC questionnaire in the same breast unit is a tool to verify the improvement in organizational quality change as perceived by the patients

The spleen is subject to a variety of benign and malignant disorders, which can be manifested by nonspecific symptoms or signs. Hence, the diagnosis is often made based on radiological examinations and histopathological studies.

Herein we present a case report of a patient with pathologically approved primary splenic lymphoma (PSL). The patient was a 63-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, predominantly in the left upper quadrant, since 1 month. Complete blood count (CBC) was normal except for mild anemia. Liver enzyme studies showed an elevated alkaline phosphatase level. Ultrasound (US) depicted a huge hypoechoic splenic mass and computed tomography (CT) confirmed the lesion to be a hypodense mass partially exophytic from the superior aspect of the spleen measuring up to 124 mm in size. The patient underwent a midline laparotomy and splenectomy and the spleen was sent for histopathological examination, which revealed high-grade B-cell lymphoma measuring 17 × 16 × 10 cm in size with capsular invasion and without any lymphovascular invasion.

This case report highlights the importance of considering splenic lymphoma as a differential diagnosis, although rare, in a patient with abdominal pain and nonspecific clinical findings