مجله سلامت جامعه
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1398)

Poor emotional processing and mind wanderings are two factors that are involved in the etiology of test anxiety. Dialectical behavioral therapy is a new approach that can be used to treat test anxiety in schools. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dialectical behavioral therapy on emotional processing and mind wanderings among female high school students with test anxiety.

The population in this quasi-experimental study included all female high school students in Tabriz during the academic year 2019-2020. A total number of 45 students who received the test anxiety diagnosis in accordance with the cutoff score in the Sarason Test Anxiety Questionnaire were selected by multi-stage cluster and purposeful sampling and they were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control groups (15 students per group). The participants in the three groups completed the Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Sarahson, 1975), Cognitive Wandering Inventory (Carriere & Seli, 2013), and the Emotional Processing Scale (Baker et al., 2010) as the pre-test and post-test. Eight sessions of group dialectic therapy (for 4 weeks) were held for the participants in the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate and univariable covariance analysis.

Dialectical behavioral therapy was found to have a significant effect on emotional processing (F2=0.31; p=0.005) and mind wandering (F2=0.29; p=0.001) in the students with test anxiety.

The training of this therapeutic approach is recommended as an effective interventional method to treat mind wanderings and improve emotional processing of high school students.

Cardiovascular disease is a chronic disease that is extremely costly to the affected individual and society. Positive psychology with an Islamic approach and and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can be effective in improving the psychological conditions of cardiovascular patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychology with an Islamic approach and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological capital of cardiovascular patients.
This quasi-experimental study was performed on cardiovascular patients referring to Babol medical centers in 2017. Using convenience sampling, 36 patients were selected and randomly placed into three groups (positivist psychology with Islamic approach, ACT, and one control group). The participants in the first group (Positive psychology with an Islamic approach) attended 8 training sessions each lasting 90 minutes, and the members of the ACT group participated in 8 training sessions each lasting 100 minutes. The data were collected by the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Lutans, 2007) that was administered to the participants before, after, and two months after the treatment sessions. The collected data were analyzed using statistical techniques including mean, standard deviation, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
There was a significant difference in the linear composition of the psychological capital variables in terms of group membership, the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up, and the interactive effect of the group and time (p=0.001). Besides, the two treatment groups (positivist psychology with an Islamic approach and ACT) showed significant differences with the control group in terms of the components of psychological capital (p<0.05). However, there was no difference between the effectiveness of the two treatment techniques.
Positive psychology training with an Islamic approach and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) are effective in improving psychological capital of cardiovascular patients and there is no significant difference between them.

Low self-efficacy in the management of pain and fear of migraine progression are among the issues that require psychological interventions for people with migraine headaches. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on pain self-efficacy and fear of migraine progression in female nurses working in Tabriz in 2019.

This study employed a quasi-experimental design. The research population included all nurses suffering from migraine in Tabriz in 2019. A total number of 30 nurses who were diagnosed with migraine based on ICHD-3 criteria and received mean scores one standard deviation above on the migraine headache symptom questionnaire were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly placed into the experimental and control groups (each with 15 participants). The participants in the two groups completed the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Nicholas, 2007) and Fear of Progression Questionnaire (Herschbach et al. 2009) as the pre-test and post-test. The group cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in 8 sessions each lasting one hour (4 weeks in total) for the participants in the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate and analysis of covariance (ANCONA) in SPSS software (Version 23).  

There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of their mean scores on the post-test (p=0.001), indicating that the intervention significantly increased the scores of the pain self-efficacy and decreased fear of disease progression in the experimental group.

Considering the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on increasing the pain self-efficacy and reducing the fear of disease progression in nurses with migraines, is recommended the use of this therapy technique.

Self-care is at the core of treating chronic diseases. It seems that applying self-care methods to improve this method of treatment in patients with diabetes is an effective strategy in promoting health in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of hope therapy on self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This semi-experimental research was carried out based on a pretest and posttest design on 40 patients with diabetes referred to health centers affiliated with Sirjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services from 2017 to 2018. A purposeful sampling was used, and the participants were randomly assigned to one of the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received Hope Therapy, based on the hope theory of Schneider, Herth, and Ruston and based on a selection of Molana poems focusing on hope and optimism issues. The Data were collected before, immediately and three months after the intervention using the Self-Care Questionnaire SDSCA. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data in the SPSS software, with the significance level set at 0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of self-care after hope therapy. In addition, hope therapy significantly increased self-care (P <0.001, F = 24.735) in patients with type 2 diabetes in the intervention group.

The results showed that hope therapy increased self-care. Therefore, it is important to consider hope therapy intervention in making plans for improving self-care in diabetic patients.

The realities of society show that the desire of young people to marry is reduced, and delayed marriage is beginning to become a social practice and privilege. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on marriage values and the marriage tendency in single girls living in Tehran.

The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design. Using non-random sampling, 46 female students studying at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tehran University of Science and Researchin the academic year 2017-218 were selected as the particpants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The participants in the experimental group underwent schema therapy training for 8 sessions. The participants in the two groups completed marriage values and marriage tendency questionnaires before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The results showed that schema therapy training  could increase egalitarianism, rational self-obedience values, and marriage tendency, and decrease emotional self-obedience, and hierarchical values ​​ (p<0.01).

The results of the study suggested that schema therapy training is a good way to improve marriage values ​​ and marriage tendency.

 Evidence shows that pregnant women do not have the skills required to use effective cognitive emotional regulation strategies. Life skills training is one of the effective interventions to alleviate psychological problems during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of life skills training on cognitive emotional regulation strategies in pregnant women.

 This study employed a quasi-experimental design. The research population included all pregnant women living in Tabriz in 2017, of whom 30 women were selected through the availability sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 participants per group). The participants in both groups completed Garnefski's (2001) Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (2001) as the pretest and also as the post-test immediately after the completion of the treatment. The members of the experimental group participated in the life skills training sessions (each session lasting one hour) for eight weeks, while the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. The pretest and posttest data were analyzed using multivariate and univariable covariance analysis by SPSS.18 software.

 Life skills training increases the use of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (positive re-focus, re-focus on planning, positive reappraisal, acceptance and adopting views) in pregnant women and reduces the use of negative strategies (catastrophizing, self-blame, rumination, and others’ blame) (p<0.001).

 Given that life skills training has an impact on the cognitive emotional regulation of pregnant women, holding training programs on these skills is recommended as an effective training method for promoting positive cognitive emotional regulation strategies and reducing negative strategies, especially during pregnancy.

 Renal failure is the irreversible degeneration of renal function, which is typically treated by hemodialysis. Hemodialysis causes mental stresses, fatigue, and depression in affected patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy on fatigue and depression in hemodialysis patients.

 This clinical trial study was carried out based on total count sampling on 70 hemodialysis patients in the cities of Sowmehsara and Fouman in 2017. The Demographic Questionnaire, Multidimensional Fatigue Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were completed by both groups before the intervention. Afterward, 8 laughter therapy sessions each lasting 30-45 minutes were held for four weeks for the participants in the intervention group. At the end of the last session, the questionnaires were again completed by the participants in both groups. During the intervention, the control group received only usual treatments. The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, Loon test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

 The mean scores of depression and fatigue in the two groups were not significant before the intervention (p>0.5). However, after the intervention, depression and fatigue scores showed significant differences between the two groups (p=0.001). The depression score in the treatment group decreased from 24.73±11.56 to 10.88±5.00 and the fatigue score decreased from 74.95±16.07 to 52.53±14.70.

 According to the findings, laughter therapy reduced depression and fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, senior nursing managers are recommended to take required actions to apply laughter therapy to improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients.

 Emotional divorce is a hidden problem in life of many couples that can adversely affect their performance. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between emotional divorce and work-family conflict in the clinical staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

 This study employed a descriptive-correlational research design. The research population included all medical staff working in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 205. A total number of 300 medical staff was as the respondents in the research sample using stratified random sampling. The required data were collected using a demographic data questionnaire, emotional divorce questionnaire, and work-family conflict questionnaire. The collected data were entered into SPSS software (version 21) and were analyzed by using independent samples t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient at the significance level of 0.05 (p<0.05).

 The findings of this study showed that among the 300 participants, 68 (22.7%) were males and 232 (77/3%) were females. The analysis of the respondents’ emotional divorce scored showed that 58.3% of the respondents were classified in the poor group, 25% in the moderate group, and 16.7% were in the top group. Besides, work-family conflict was found to have a significant relationship with emotional divorce (p=0.001). The results of the study concerning the demographic variables indicated that the couples working as colleagues, financial status, family relations, sexual satisfaction, and the type of marriage were significantly correlated with emotional divorce and work-family conflict (p=0.001).

 According to results of this study, it can be concluded that clinical staff are at risk of developing emotional divorce. Also, there was a significant relationship between emotional divorce and work-family conflict.