Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Aug 2018

Nowadays, the phenomenon of aging and its problems and issues are a very important subject that has attracted the attention of different thinkers of various scientific backgrounds and to addressing this issue from various aspects has become extremely important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of positive thinking on psychological well-being and quality of life in the elderly.

This is a semi-experimental study that was carried out with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and one-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study was 80 elderly individuals living in nursing centers in Lahijan in 2018. In this study, 30 elderly individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (N = 15). Both groups completed Ryff's psychological well-being inventory and the quality of life questionnaire, and experimental group was exposed to positive thinking training. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS.22 software using the statistical method of Covariance Path Analysis.

The result of data analysis showed that positive thinking training increased the scores of psychological well-being (P <0.001). Positive Thinking training also had a positive effect on the quality of life of the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.001), that is it increases the quality score of life of the experimental group while the control group's score did not differ from the previous one.

According to the results of the current study, positive thinking training can increase psychological well-Being and quality of life in the elderly.

Treatment of drug dependence in women, in comparison with men, may be accompanied by more obstacles and problems. The aim of the present research was to determine the impact of group schema therapy on altering the early maladaptive schemas in women dependent on drugs.

The present study employed an experimental methodology along with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study involved all of the women dependent on drugs who referred to the drug addiction treatment centers in Rasht during the two months of November and December 2019, among whom 60 individuals were selected using a randomized cluster sampling (30 test group and 30 control group) and completed a short form questionnaire for maladaptive schemas. The experimental group underwent schema therapy intervention, while there was no regarding the intervention group. The data were analyzed using one-variable covariance analysis and multivariate and SPSS.22 software.

The mean (standard deviation) of the participants in the experimental group was 33.8 (6.6) and the age of the participants in the control group was 34.5 (7.5) years. The study showed that the mean (SD) of disconnection and rejection in the pre-test of the experimental group was 80.5 (25.3) and in the post-test was 67.3 (18.1) (P <0.001). The mean (SD) of self-control and impaired performance of the experimental group decreased from 67.3 (22.9) in the pretest to 57.5 (17.7) in the post-test (P <0.001), mean (SD) of the experimental group's impaired limits from 35.6 (13.1) in the pre-test to 26.9 (9.1) in the post-test (P <0.001), the mean (SD) of over vigilance and inhibition of the experimental group  and inhibition of the experimental group decreased from 62.5 (18.5) in the pretest to 55.3 (17.2) in the post-test (P <0.001). Mean (SD) of the experimental group's other directedness decreased from 54.7 (17.1) in the pretest to 52.1 (16.5) in the post-test, which was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The mean (SD) of the components of maladaptive schemas in the pretest and posttest groups did not show a significant difference.

The study showed that the schema therapy method reduced the components of early maladaptive schemas including disconnection and rejection, self-control and impaired performance, impaired limits, and over vigilance and inhibition in women dependent drugs, but there was no effect on the reduction of the other-directness component.

The research was conducted with the aim of determining the role of cognitive-emotion regulation, resiliency and sleep disorder in predicting suicidal ideation in addicts under treatment.

The statistical population of the study included all addicts under treatment, who referred to addiction treatment centers of Rasht during the time interval from September to December 2018. A total of 180 individuals were selected employing the cluster sampling method. The instruments used in this research were: the Suicide ideation Scale by Beck et al. (1979), the Garnefsky and colleagues' cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2001), Conner-Davidson resilience scale (2003), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (1989) Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the collected data.

The results showed that there is a relationship between cognitive-emotion regulation (positive, negative), resiliency, sleep disorder and suicidal ideation. According to the significance level, the linear relationship between positive emotion regulation and resilience with suicidal ideation at the level of 0.01 is negative and significant, and the linear relationship between the negative emotion cognitive-behavioral regulation of sleep disorders and suicidal ideation at the level of 0.01 is positive and significant. The variables of sleep disorder, resiliency, and emotion cognitive regulation (negative) are the best predictors of suicidal ideation and the variables of sleep disorder, resiliency, and emotion cognitive regulation (negative) at the level of 0.01 combined changes have been responsible for about % 20.7 of the variance of suicidal ideation.
 

 It can be concluded that cognitive-emotion regulation, resiliency and sleep disorder can predict suicidal ideation of addicts under treatment.

Perfectionism and anxiety are important variables that the family and parents can play a vital role in its formation in their children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family function, perfectionism and hidden anxiety.

In this descriptive-correlational study, all students of Rasht city were selected. Among them 220 accessible ones were selected as a sample. Family Assessment Device (FAD), Tria-Short Perfectionism Questionnaire and Spielberg's Anxiety Inventory were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using correlation in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0.

The results of this study by using the multivariate regression showed that the relationship between family performance, perfectionism and hidden anxiety in the level of P<0.01 was significantly correlated.

It can be concluded that there was a significant relationship between family performance, perfectionism and hidden anxiety.

Dyslexia is a neurological disorder that affects the brain ability to receive, process, maintain, and respond to information. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Fredrickson’s positive emotion training program on the psychological well-being of students with dyslexia.

The research design was experimental, with control and experimental groups and pre- and post-test. The statistical population included all female students of grade three to six who were studying in public primary schools of the five educational regions of Isfahan city. The sample included 30 female students with dyslexia aged between 9 and 12 selected through multi-stage random sampling. The reading and dyslexia test was administered to identify the learning disability of the students and 30 students with dyslexia were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received positive emotion training during 12 sessions, each 45 minutes. Psychological Well-Being Scale for Children (PWB-c), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and reading and dyslexia test were used for data collection and the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results revealed the efficacy of positive emotion training on the psychological well-being of students with dyslexia (p< .0001). Given the close relationship between emotions and psychological well-being, recognizing and focusing on various emotions (e.g., joy, appreciation, serenity, interest, hope, honor, amusement, recreation, awe and love) have a significant role in better self-awareness, effective and positive interaction with others, and changing the negative automatic thoughts and behavioral and emotional responses, and help individuals with dyslexia to adapt to changes and stressors caused by the problems and outcomes of this disorder.

The findings confirmed the effectiveness of this program in improving the psychological well-being of these students.

 Over the last 20 years, researches have shown that the quality of parental and adolescent communication has a major impact on the development of risk behaviors in adolescent health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the causal model for depression in adolescents based on the parenting styles with mediating the parent-adolescence conflict.

The sample consisted of 150 first grade high school students selected by a multistage random sampling method.  In this research, the subjects completed The Short-Form of the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Baumrind's Parenting Styles Questionnaire (BPSQ), and Parent-Adolescent Conflict (PAC). The proposed model has been evaluated using structural equation modeling method. The bootstrap tested the indirect relationships.

The results of this study showed that the proposed model had an acceptable fit to the data, and all pathways, have a significant relationship between parenting style (due to parent-adolescent conflict), for depression in young people with the exception of the authoritative parenting style. The results of several indirect paths showed that the relationship between permissive and authoritarian parenting styles (through parent-adolescent conflict) was significant on adolescent depression.

It concludes that the conflict between parents and adolescents can have an impact on children's psychological health.  Therefore, solving family problems and creating an appropriate home environment leads to adolescents 'psychological well - being and improves the proper functioning of the school and community.