مجله آموزش و سلامت جامعه
سال ششم شماره 3 (تابستان 1398)

Planning to reduce the production and supply of hookah and tobacco can be a positive step to reducing the hookah and tobacco consumption in the community. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of educational programs on decreasing intention of hookah and tobacco supply among the handlers of public places and food centers in Arak city, Iran based on the theory of planned behavior.

This research is a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest method and the control group. The present research was carried out between 102 handlers of public places and food centers of Arak city, Iran in 2017 which randomly divided into two experimental (n=51) and control groups (n=51). Data were collected using a questionnaire, including the constructs of the planned behavior theory and demographic variables. The intervention program consisted of 4 sessions that were applied to the experimental group during one month. Both groups were followed for two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software through the chi-squared, independent T, paired T and McNemar tests.

After the educational intervention, significant differences were observed in the changes of attitude constructs, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention between the experimental and control groups in the pretest-posttest steps (p<0.001). Also, the educational intervention resulted in a 25.1% decrease in the intention of hookah and tobacco supply among the experimental group.

The educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior is effective to reduce the supply of hookah and tobacco among the handlers of public places and food centers.

Addiction nowadays has become one of the most serious problems of human society, especially developing countries, with a young population and, on the other hand, poverty and high unemployment. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of quality cognitional therapeutic group in changing the level of negative and positive meta-cognitive beliefs among addicted men in Khorramabad city.

This quasi-experimental study was carried out using pretest-posttest design with control group. The research sample consisted of 40 subjects selected from among addicted men in Khorramabad city of Iran and randomly assigned to experimental (quality cognitional therapeutic group) and control groups. At the intervention stage, the experimental group was trained in life-style therapy in 8 sessions. Wales metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (2000) was used for data collection in pre-test and post-test phases for both experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of MANCOVA.

The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups (p <0.01). The findings indicated that the quality cognitional therapeutic group of the health care system is effective in changing the level of positive and negative financial implications.

Therefore, if people who work in the field of combating drugs and treating people with addiction, use quality cognitional therapeutic group, they can create metacognitive beliefs in patients.

Considering the increase of the elderly population, it is essential to investigate the social, physical and mental health of the elderly, which is related to their quality of life. The present study was conducted to assess the quality of life of elderly people in Hamedan province, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out between 238 elderly males and females aged over 60, who referred to the health centers of Hamedan province. The subjects were selected using randomized stratified sampling. The 36-item questionnaire (SF-36) was used to evaluation the dimensions of quality of life of the subjects. Data were analyzed using STATA 13 software through the independent T-test and one-way analysis of variance.

The highest mean of quality of life was reported in the physical dimension and the subscale of pain (70.86±21.29) and the lowest mean was reported in the general health (24.10±89.29). The quality of life score in the sub-scales of physical and mental health dimensions in males was higher than the females, which this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, in the subscales of physical and mental health, the mean score of quality of life was higher in the married subjects and the subjects with higher education (p <0.05).

The mean of quality of life in the dimensions of physical and mental health and their related subscales in the elderly people of Hamedan province is at the acceptable and moderate level and the lowest score is related to the general health. The quality of life is also lower in elderly females, and elderly people with low education, and single elderly people.

Change of nutritional style of students and their progress toward fast food consumption is one of the health problems in today's world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on the decrease of fast food consumption in the students of girls' vocational schools in Sanandaj city, Iran.

This semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group, was carried out between 160 students from girls' vocational schools of Sanandaj city. The subjects were selected by the random cluster sampling method and were classified into the two groups of control and intervention (N=80). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts of demographic information and the structures of planned behavior theory. The educational methods for the intervention group were lecture, question and answer, video play, and use of books and brochures which was implemented in the 3 one-hour sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software through Chi-square and independent T-test.

After the intervention, the mean of all studied structures in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05).

The educational program based on the theory of planned behavior is effective in the reduction of fast food consumption in the students of girls' vocational schools in Sanandaj city.

Considering that the health literacy is one of the pillars of the health evolution system, measuring the health literacy is essential to improving the health of individuals in the community. The aim of this study was to investigate the health literacy level of adults in Neyshabur city, Iran.

This cross-sectional research is a descriptive-analytical study. This research was carried out on 400 people aged 18-65, who referred to the health centers in Neyshabour city in 2015-2016. The subjects were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected by demographic characteristics questionnaire and the questionnaire of health literacy assessment of urban population aged 18-65 [HELIA]. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software through descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.

The mean score of health literacy in the subjects was 49.99±23.16. The health literacy level in 33%, 33.5%, 27% and 6.5% of the subjects were inadequate, not adequate, adequate and high, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the health literacy level with age, gender, education, job status (P<0.05).

The health literacy level was inadequate in the adults of Neyshabur city and the health literacy level in most of the subjects was inadequate and not adequate.

In the recent years, with regard to the uncontrolled growth of cesarean section (C-section) and the emphasis on increasing the indicator of Natural vaginal delivery (NVD) in Iran's Health System Transformation Plan, identifying the individual and social factors affecting this indicator have been necessary. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effective factors with the intention of choosing NVD based on the theory of planned behavior among primigravidae in Neyshabour city.

This cross-sectional study is descriptive-analytical research. It was done on 340 primigravidae with the age of 18-35 years old women referred to comprehensive urban health care centers of Neyshabour city, in 2018. Sampling was done by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The information gathering tool included two parts. The first part of the study was demographic information and the second part was a researcher-made questionnaire based on direct and indirect constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression tests.

44.6% of the participants had the intention of performing C-section, 38.3% NVD, and 17% had no comment regarding the type of delivery intention. Four perceived behavioral control constructs (β=0.224), attitude (β=0.199) and evaluation of behavioral outcomes (β=0.180), and normative beliefs (β=0.159) showed the highest positive predictive and significant predictive value for NVD, respectively. The constructs of planned theory of behavior predicted 28.7% of the variance of NVD in pregnant women.

The theory of planned behavior is suitable and useful for identifying the factors influencing the intention to perform NVD as well as designing and implementing educational interventions aimed at promoting NVD.

The most important guarantor of maternal and fetal well-being during pregnancy is pregnancy knowledge and act on them. Health literacy is an important and modifiable factor for improving access to this awareness. The aim of this study was to determine the health literacy of newly delivered mothers and its related factors in Esfarayen County.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 266 newly delivered mothers who referred to the health centers of Esfarayen County in 2017. The subjects were selected by stratified convenience sampling method. Data were collected using maternal health literacy and pregnancy outcomes questionnaires (MHLAPQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software through statistical tests including independent T and one-way analysis of variance tests.

The mean score of maternal health literacy was 57.07±9.94. There was a significant relationship between maternal health literacy with educational level and occupation (p<0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between maternal health literacy with the consumption of multivitamin and ferrous sulfate supplementation and birth weight of the baby (p>0.05).

The health literacy status in newly delivered mothers of Esfarayen is in a favorable situation and occupation and education are the related factors with the health literacy of the newly delivered mothers.

A healthy marital relationship is the desire of all couples. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the effective factors in this relationship so that psychologists and family counselors consider these factors in their educational-therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting marital relationship stability and satisfaction.

The method of this study was a systematic review and was conducted based on the Prisma guideline (PRISMA). In this study, foreign and national researches were used without time limitation. Various keywords were used to select the researches and research was conducted in national and foreign credible scientific databases. The selected studies have been conducted on heterosexual and non-cohabitation couples (formal marriage) with at least 10 years of marital history. To investigate the quality of the articles, a checklist of the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) was used and data were analyzed using content analysis.

15 foreign and national articles were selected and it was found that a set of factors were involved in the stability and satisfaction of the marital relationship. These factors were coded and based on the coding, 9 categories were identified. These 9 categories were classified into 3 classes of intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental factors.

A set of intrapersonal factors (personality characteristics, physical and mental health, positive cognitive, and spiritual-religious characteristics), interpersonal (communication skills and constructive relationship, love and affections as well as sexual relationships) and environmental factors (social support, occupation and appropriate economic status) can affect the health of the marital relationship.