مجله بیومکانیک ورزشی
سال چهارم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

The aim of the current study was to investigate the ankle injury mechanism and its prevalence among the Iranian Iranian Professional Karateka.

390 Kumite karateka (age 24/5±2/8 years and weight 63/5±11/8 kg) attendant in the national team qualifiers participated in this study. The information of ankle injuries such as history, injury mechanism, and effects of ankle symptoms on ability to perform daily and sports activities was obtained through FAAM (Foot and Ankle Ability Measure) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the relationship between daily and sport FAAM subscales and self-reported scores with a significance level of (P≤0/05).

86 percent of the karateka’s in the present study had ankle sprains and injuries, and the most injuries occurred during the competition. The most important mechanism of ankle injuries was abrupt rotation of the foot and kicking the opponent, and in most cases subjects did self-treatment and did not see a physician. Correlation coefficients of the scale of daily and sports activities with athletes' self-reported scores were (r=0/588, P=0/000*) and (r= 0/742, P=0/000*), respectively.

Regarding the prevalence of ankle injuries among athletes, it recommended that special proprioception sense and strengthen protocol in other to reduce the injury’s risk factor. According to the lack of follow-up of athletes in most cases in the treatment and rehabilitation of ankle injuries, it is highly recommended that the post-injury recovery process be monitored by a physician and back to sport with this regard.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the study of shooting accuracy and fatigue of leg muscles after eight weeks of resistance training in shooters men with a Inflatable pistol.

The statistical population of elite male shooters was Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad provinces. The sample consisted of 20 subjects who were randomly divided into two groups. The data were analyzed using repeated  measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The resistance training protocol included the five movements that were performed slowly and in the morning. The movements were performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions in the first session and in the final session with 5 sets, 14 repetitions. The duration of the resistance training sessions was 8 weeks, 3 sessions each week. The method of data analysis was determined based on research hypotheses, number of status forms (2 forms), and variables of research and performed SPSS software version 20 was used.

Results showed that following eight weeks of resistance training, the accuracy of targeting and muscle fatigue in the post-test were compared with the pretest in the groups were significantly different (P=0.05). There was a high correlation between changes in muscle fatigue and target accuracy in both standing and stand-up positions (P=0.05).

In general, the results show that changes in muscle fatigue and target accuracy in two form of standing positions after 8 weeks of resistance training were positive.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of balance and combination exercises (neuromuscular and stabilizing) on ​​pain, functional characteristics and motor range of athlete women with chronic ankle instability.

In this study, 30 female athletes with functional ankle instability were selected and randomly assigned into three groups of 10 people balance exercises, combined exercises (muscular relaxation stabilizer) and control group. The amount of pain was measured by Visual Analog Test (VAS). Functional features were tested by side mutation test, Eighth Latin mutation test, single mutation triple test. Goniometer was used to measure the range of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. Then, the training groups performed their exercises for six weeks (three sessions of 60 minutes per week) and after the intervention, the post-test was performed in 3 groups and the results were compared. The Leven's test was used to test the homogeneity of variances in the pre-test. The covariance analysis test was used to examine the intergroup changes. Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine the location of the difference between the groups and the t-test for correlating the changes within the group.

The results showed that a balance and combination had a significant effect on the subjects 'pain (p=0.03, p=0.01), functional characteristics (p≤0.01) and dorsiflexion (p=0.01) and plantar flexion (p=0.01, p=0.02). Comparing two exercise programs, it was found that the effect of combined exercises on pain, functional characteristics, and dorsiflexion range of subjects was higher.

According to the results, it is recommended that correct and timely rehabilitation of the ankle injured patients be used for balancing exercises along with combined exercises to improve pain, functional characteristics, and range of motion.

Somatotype is a method to describe the human physique which can influence postural control. The aim of this study was the relationship between somatotype and static, semi-dynamic and dynamic postural control.

140 females 12-50-year-old(26.45±10.94) participated in this study who had no skeletal, vestibular and neurological abnormalities and no trauma or pain in lower extremities. Anthropometric characteristics related to body type were measured and then the subjects categorized in three groups of ectomorph(n=46), mesomorph(n=45) and endomorph(n=49) based on the Heath-Carter method. The normalized star test(Y Balance Test) was used to assessment dynamic postural control and to measure the semi-static and dynamic postural control BESS was performed. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of age, height, weight and number of errors in BESS and to determine the relationship between morphologic somatotype and static, semi-dynamic and dynamic postural control K-square in a significant P ≤0/05 was used.

Findings showed that mesomorph cases were better than ectomorph and endomorph groups in static and semi-dynamic postural control. But ectomorph group showed the most accessibility in each direction of Y test rather than the other groups.  

Static and semi-dynamic postural control is associated with a dominant mesomorphic component.

Balance is a key component of motor skills ranging from maintaining posture to executing complex sport skills. The aim of this study was to Comparison of static and dynamic balance of athletes of different sports in conditions with and without posture disturbances.

Fort two athletes with 3 years athletic experience (wrestling (n=14, age 19.85±2.79 years, height 177.14±5.17 cm, mass 71.64±1.32 kg), football (n=14, age 21.57±2.02, height 178.86±6.58 cm, mass 74.35±8.02 kg), karate (n=14, age 21.35±1.54, height 178.07±4.1 cm, mass 76.92±4.98 kg)) participated in this study as subjects. Static balance was assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Data were analyzed using by (ANOVA), (GLM) and paired t test (P≤0.05).

No significant differences were found between the static and dynamic balance with posture disturbances on 3 groups. No significant different were found between static balance with and without posture disturbances on each 3 groups. Significant different were found between dynamic balance with and without posture disturbances on each groups. Also maintain of dynamic balance without posture disturbances was better.

According to the results of the research coaches and physiotherapists are advised to perform the balance using dual-task.

Balance is the most basic function of the neuromuscular system in performing all simple and complex activities that contribute to health-related physical fitness. Musculoskeletal deformity especially, genu varum in the Lower extremity abnormality has negative effect on body biomechanics in walking and running. The aim of this study was to the comparison of balance between 11-14 years old athletes with and without genu varum.

This study used a causal-comparative design. From total 580 amateur adolescent athletes of Mariwan clubs who involved in basketball, handball and volleyball that take apart three times per week, 21subject with genu varum with mean age of 13.15 ±1.22 yr, height of 1.68±2.32 cm, and weight of 51.23 ±4.48kg. And 21subject without genu varum with mean age of 12.95±1.17yr, height of 1.67±1.45 m, weight of 49.49 ±3.48kg were recruited. Deformity of genu varum was assessed with caliper. Static and dynamic balance was evaluated by Bass stick test and Y balance test respectively. Data analysis was performed by independent samples T test.                                                                     

t-test showed no significant difference between static balance in genu varum and healthy athletes (P=0.61), while significant differences were observed in direction of posterior-medial (P=0.003) and posterior- lateral (P=0.004) in dynamic balance test between groups.

it seems that the negative effect of deformity could worsen over time. Therefore, it can be concluded that effective training and protective effort in the adolescent years maybe decreases the effect of abnormality on balance.