فصلنامه روش شناسی علوم انسانی
پیاپی 99 (تابستان 1398)

One of the qualitative methods that political science scholars interest in examining its concepts and developments is the Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis method. The main question of this research is how to use and apply the method of discourse analysis in the field of political science, and how and to what extent can discourse analysis be used to understand and explain political science? The claim and assumption of this research is possibility of using the knowledge of discourse analysis in various fields of political science is not completely eliminated, the application of the discourse-analysis approach in the field of politics opens up new horizons and yields significant methodological and theoretical results

The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the Philosophical relationship between humanities and technology. It will be explained that most disciplines in humanities are Janus-faced: they are part science/knowledge and part technology. The thesis of the paper is that the relationship between the technological aspect of humanities and other technologies is positive and synergetic, while the relationship between their scientific aspect and technologies is almost entirely critical and negative. The argument of the paper is not that the scientific aspect of humanities has nothing positive to offer to the development of technologies, but rather to clarify the nature of this assistance. It is also hoped that the paper’s analysis could help to explain how the scientific aspect of humanities can partake in the process of rationalisation of the development of technology

Modern science and democracy, as the main elements of modernity, had been compounded by the strengthening of each other's components. But the late decades of the twentieth century, for beginning of social protests against the science policy, in the same time, the formation of historical and social turns in the philosophy of science, - Which undermined the realism and objectivity of scientific knowledge- led to the formation of tension between science and democracy. On the one hand, Democrats wanted to interfere in scientific activity by contributing to the definition of goals, trends, and policy-making; and on the other hand, by elaborating the aspects of science, the elites demanded that the public not be involved. This paper seeks to apply the conceptual framework derived from the dual meaning of science, including institutional science and scientific knowledge, and democracy, including democracy as method and as value, to describe and explain the interactions of science and democracy. In order to do, after looking at the history of the tension, the most important works on science and democracy have been studied; and through the conceptualization, the systematic and comprehensive categorization and explanation of these relationships has been presented. We will end the paper by concluding that despite the triumph of democracy in the field of institutional science, still, with the supremacy of realism in scientific knowledge, the democratic method does not enter into scientific knowledge

Thinking is one of those themes through of which Later Heidegger investigates about relationship of man with the Truth of Being. Truth of Being is the fundamental event under the historical destines sent by it the uncovering and hiddenness have their essential sway accomplished and man has an understanding of truth. According to Later Heidegger, we live in the age of need and forgetfulness of being and due to the domination of Will to Power we are deprived from an authentic thinking and also an original relationship with the world. Of course, thoughtlessness or lack of thinking is itself a destiny of Truth of Being and our negligence of this issue leads to the exacerbation of this need. In the current essay we study the meaning of original thinking which is referred to by Heidegger as meditative thinking within the context of his discussion of the hidden essence of being. We will show that Heidegger's debate of thinking has a well-established relevance to the core issue of his philosophy, i.e. problem of the Truth of Being. Moreover, it will be shown that the stance of such critics as Joseph C. Pitt concerning Heidegger's notion of technology as a passive understanding of technology is untenable because it does not ground itself on the originary concept of man as the Da of Seyn. Rather Pitt's notion of technology is founded on the understanding of calculative thinking that insists on Cartesian Subject that exacerbates the Seinsvergessenheit

Among studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, there is an increasing number of studies using qualitative methods for studying and interpreting various phenomena. Several studies have used qualitative methods to investigate a single phenomena. The variety of qualitative studies about a single phenomenon has enabled the synthesis of these studies to provide new interpretations of a social phenomenon. The meta-synthesis method is one of the emerging methods in qualitative studies that is expanding its use in social science research. This method is used to systematically interpret the results of qualitative studies to provide a new explanation of the single phenomenon under investigation. Increasing use of this method leads more researchers to familiarize themselves with the importance of meta-synthesis, its applications, the steps involved, the validation process, and the common difficulties researchers have to deal with when using this approach. Using the diverse literature on the methodology of meta-synthesis, here we present similarities and differences of meta-syntehsis compared with other similar methods, identify the processes needed to conduct this type of research, to improve the reliability of it, and finally we address the common errors researchers face when using this method

The empiricism from its emergence in the 19th century to the logical Positivism and Falsificationism in the 20th century has had its effects on sciences in its period. These effects in Economics include matters such as: the separation of the prescriptive Economics, renaming the Political economy to Economics, converting the identity of Economics into an instrumental science, effecting on the economic heuman, the change in the method of theorizing and writing of scientific articles, spreading of econometrics and neglecting history of economic ideas and so on. The empiricism has effected unwantedly on economic ideas of Islamic theoresians so that the Islamic economic system does not be counted as of Economics. This leads to some kind of interior incompatibility in the Islamic Economics and likewise the positive and prescriptive dimensions of Islamic Economics be explained with the analytical tools of the Mainstream Economics. The explanation of these issues in the Mainstream and Islamic Economics and its factors is introduction to the reconstruction of the Islamic Economics