فصلنامه مشرق موعود
پیاپی 51 (پاییز 1398)

The Imamate has a unique position among Islamic teachings and so the issue of knowing an Imam and the criteria that can be used to reach that knowledge will also be an important one.But before going into the discussion of the criteria, one can get a clearer picture of the dimensions of the problem by asking preliminary questions in this field. Answers to these questions can shed light on what they have come to us from the Ahlul-Beit and help us to understand their traditions more precisely. These questions are: Whom do we want to identify and with what features? What are the Situations Needed to Know an Imam? And what are their problems? What is the role of an Imam in becoming known? What is the role of people's need and urgency for Imam in knowing an Imam? The criteria of knowing an Imam for Whom can be useful? What are the criteria for recognizing an Imam? Should an Imam meet all the criteria mentioned in the narrations or is it sufficient to attain some? Which of the criteria mentioned in the narratives related to the period of the Imam presence and which are related to the era of the Absence?

Most of Mahdavi's works written by Imami Shia’s are on theological demonstration of Mahdaviat and narrating traditions about the Twelfth Imam. In the meantime, Sheikh Mufid's al-Irshad book which is on the life of the Twelve Imams deals with historical-theological of Imamate and the last section is devoted to the history of the Twelfth Imam. Given to the importance of this book and the position of its author, Sheikh Mufid, it is necessary to identify the references used in this book in order to clarify the strengths or weaknesses of the book's narratives and traditions. The authors of present article attempt to gain access to the references of this book by surveying its narratives and traditions in the section of Imam Mahdi (as) life. To this end, some of the narrations of al-Irshad were compared with the works previously written and now available. The result of the article is that despite the fact that some of the references of this book are specific, a number of them are unknown.

This study seeks for a new reading of the unlike sects that appeared at the very beginning of a short Absence. The period in which, according to the analysis of Shiite and Sunni sectologists, Imami Shiites were severely faced with intragroup splitting. This scholars cited the multiplicity of Imami split sects from 14 to 20 sects; Nevertheless, the complexity of the Imami Shiites conditions was so obscure that many experts predicted their imminent collapse, due to the continuous split of the Imamis in that period.A prediction that never happened. It is notable that the conjecture of these experts was based on the collapse of the principle of Imamate, not of the secondary sects; However, by searching mentioned sects, it will be clear that, despite the mention of these vigilante sects, there is no accurate information about them in history, it can be said that most of sects in that period were probably constructed by Influential people and In fact they had never objective existence and, at least, there are many doubts about them.

According to numerous hadiths, when the Imam of the Age appears, this event will be a clear fact. Degree of the clarity of this matter is also different in relation to various addressors of the Imam, like Shiites, other Muslims, the people of the Book and the non-Book people. For those who desire the Imam and feel the need for him, the matter of the Imam and his purpose and goals are clear from the beginning and before the Advent. But to those who did not meet such a need, due to the extent of their knowledge and growth, the matter of the Imam becomes clear gradually. For some, when they see strange signs and events, it becomes clear to them, to some people with clear evidence. But this kind of reasons is not enough for some other people ,so the Imam, according to the divine tradition that all human beings should be convinced by God Messengers and Saints, to clarify his Fact, begins to present evidences ,heritages, miracles, prophets Books and Coming back of Christ.

Success and dynamism in achieving Society goals involves changes in activities, how to manage society, and in particular the process of empowering Human Resources. The purpose of this qualitative research was to Explaining and Identifying the Empowerment Model of Human Resources in light of belief in Imam Mahdi. The method of this research is analyticaldeductive; In terms of purpose, it is applied-developmental. In terms of the research strategy, it is an exploratory research and, finally, in terms of the qualitative method used, has been based on grounded theory (GT). Participants in this study who have researches about Imam Mahdi, professors from universities and seminaries, and human resource managers. Sampling was purposeful and the sampling method was sampling of snowball. Based on the theory of saturation, the final volume of research participants was 11 people who were experts in the field of research. The information gathering tool was semi-structured interviews. Finally, content analysis method was used to analyze information as the main axis of grounded theory. The results of this study consisted of three dimensions and thirteen components. Based on the analysis of research data in the structural dimension, factors such as emphasis on goal-oriented and evolutionary, targeted educational design, in the behavioral dimension of honesty and trust, responsibility, impacted, and in the demographic dimension emphasize the promotion of the culture of belives in Imam Mahdi, eremite and piety, genuine thralldom, insight, Brought the most points.

The historical and narrative proofs of the opposition of the Jewish people to Christ, the Prophet Muhammad and Imam Mahdi (p.b.u.h.). The extremist ethnicity of the Jews in the Old and New Testaments, as well as the Talmud and many Islamic verses and narrations, is in addition to the historical currents of the encounter of this people with the great divine prophets, all as a major challenge before the emergence of the Savior Government of the nations. The wide range of narratives of the Imam Mahdi (p.b.u.h.) section makes the speculations of ethnicity one of the most important challenges threatening the Imam's justice system. The purpose of the present research is to identify the ethnic challenges before the administration of Imam Mahdi (p.b.u.h.).

One of the fundamental functions of Mahdavi society is dividing the resources and revenues evenly and creating economic justice, in which economic poverty will be eradicated. This article is written based on the analysis and adaptation of the content of the hadith and the well - known narratives related to economic richness and poverty from one hand and studying the indices of Mahdavi society on the other hand and of their highly challenging effect of these two on each other. The aim of this study is to extract limiting factors, extreme poverty and richness that can have a damaging role in Mahdavi society. By using the method of rational analysis and matching the content of hadith and narratives, the threatening role of poverty and extreme economic richness in the realization of Mahdavi society was formulated as follows: The role of economic poverty: individual aspect (with five sub–codes including: the wandering of minds, weakness in faith, the lack of self - reliance and hopelessness and despair, laziness and disability) Social aspect (with 5 sub - codes, including: closeness to blasphemy, defect in religion, factor of division, hatred, enmity, and sedition, abjectness factor) Role of extreme richness: individual aspect (with 3 sub - codes, including lust, vulgarity, weakness in religion, and destruction in faith). Social aspect (with 3 sub - codes, including: ostentation, rebellion, and usurpation of other’s rights). 

Personality "refers to those characteristics of an individual or individuals that include their emotional, emotional, and behavioral patterns." And the Holy Qur'an has construed from personality to "Sha'kilah", therefore, the field of Character recognition of the claimants is a new and emerging field that addresses the behavioral characteristics of the claimants' personality, their emerging factors and social approaches. Therefore, the meaning of the person in this article is the Qur'anic dialect or the person's claim to the person's claim. Recognizing the personality traits of the claimant and recognizing the grounds for the claim of the person; the direct relation with how he treats it claims; therefore, the claimant in his claim needs a background and that background needs different causes and that cause The same root causes are in the claim of that person to the extent that he expels his personality and forces him to forget his true character and make himself a lying person and in This false person drowns. Of course, the claimant's claim is sometimes rooted in the spirit and soul of that person, and sometimes it is rooted in his distracting personality, and sometimes a portion of both. Therefore, in order to confront and combat them, it is necessary to investigate their intellectual and practical roots; because identifying the intellectual and practical roots will make treatment and coping with this phenomenal phenomenon easier throughout history. Therefore, in this research, the intellectual, scientific and psychological roots of the defiant personality will be addressed. And suggestions will be made to treat it.

The belief in the Mahdaviyat and the emergence of the Saviour on the continent of Africa has had a special place. Since the idea of Mahdaviyat promises to save the oppressed from the domination of the oppressors, most of the owners of the movement and the reform movement have taken on the Mahdi. Thus, with the onset of the movement of Uthman Dan Fodio (11681232 AD) in West Africa many people called him the Promised Mahdi. In this paper, with the descriptive-analytic method, the issues of Mahdaviyat in the rise of the Uthman Dan Fodio are examined. According to the research findings, the belief in Mahdaviyat played a key role in the teachings of Sheikh Uthman and was part of the underlying beliefs of the caliphate, so that in his view, the predictions of the Sokoto caliphate were mixed with the events of the apocalypse and the emergence of the Mahdi. Sheikh Uthman, while believing in the existence of the Mahdi, accepts the same characteristics that the Shia attribute to his Prophet and his uprising.