نشریه برنامه ریزی توسعه شهری و منطقه ای
پیاپی 3 (بهار 1396)

This paper compares the experiences of Asian elected countries with regard to the balanced distribution of population and will attempt to demonstrate which spatial demographic paradigms in a more efficient distribution of population have been resulted in better and more effective outcomes. The research method is documentary analysis and has been used in valid government planning documents. In general, four types of planning paradigms were identified with respect to the population – space economy: (a) decentralized governments with a political-economic De-centralization paradigm (Japan); (b) centralized governments with direct intervention paradigm in the management of space populations (China and Indonesia). ). (C) Centralized governments with the economic decentralization paradigm (Iran and South Korea); and (d) the semi-centralized government with the paradigm of priority rural development. The results show that decentralized governments with a more administrative political, and economic decentralization approach have obtained more positive results from equal development at the national level and optimal distribution of the population. Studies have shown that lack of coordination between macro, middle and micro sectors, the lack of political will to implement land allocation plans and the lack of monitoring of land allocation programs and the spatial distribution of the population are among the most important obstacles to the failure of optimal population distribution strategies. In countries with a centralized system, planning is the key to success of the programs, creating interagency coordination and continuous monitoring of programs.

Belonging to the neighborhood represents a positive perception of people towards the residential area in the city. Belonging to the location and the consequences of its loss in recent decades has become one of the important issues in the field of urban studies. The present study seeks to investigate the impact of urban development on the reality of the sense of belonging to the localities. The continuation of the neighborhood bond is a kind of commitment to residents towards their habitat and their willingness to maintain relationships with them over time and in different stages of life. In this regard, this research uses the topic of urbanism Lewis Worth's theory and theories of the Chicago school, and the concept of the sense of belonging to the locality applies McGraith and Chavez's sense of belonging to the community of places, the identity of the place of Rolf and Raoul and the system theory of Caesar and Janowitz. The sense of belonging to place as a dependent variable consists of objective, subjective, cognitive and emotional dimensions. Three districts (number 2, 13 and 20) were determined from 22 districts of the Tehran municipality as the population of this study. Four neighborhoods of each neighborhood and then blocks of these neighborhoods were randomly selected. The main method of research is survey using the questionnaire technique .the data collected at the level of the population distribution of 391 people aged 20 and over. Finally, the data were analyzed using correlation coefficient analysis, ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis. Some of the most important results of the correlation between variables indicate that there is a negative and significant correlation between urban lifestyle, tendency towards extensive relationships in the city and attachment to urban areas with a feeling of belonging to the places. In addition, the results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the length of stay, the type of ownership of a residential home and the feeling of belonging to the places. Meanwhile, there is a meaningful relationship between the contextual variables such as age and the income level of population with their sense of belonging to their place of living.

The spatial growth of the Osko area in the last few decades has caused issues such as land use change, urban disproportionate development, and environmental hazards. Rapid rapid urban pressures on land and around resources have led to vegetation reduction, open spaces decrease and serious social and environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors affecting the physical development of the Okrug valley region, taking into account the sustainable urban spatial development of the ecological dimension and preserving its environmental conditions for the next decades. To do this, using Landsat 5 and 8 satellite multi-temporal satellite images, the object-oriented satellite image processing techniques of land use changes during the period of 1363-1363, with emphasis on the scattered expansion of the city of Osko, Khosroshahr and peripheral villages in the Osko valley ecosystem Has been evaluated. According to the results, urban area of the city of Osko, Khosroshahr and six perimeter villages has reached 10888.58 hectares (104 m2) in 2016 from 290.88 hectares in 1984. 514.62 hectares of the mentioned area have been made on the Garden and agricultural lands that require the management of future development based on the sustainable development principles. Therefore, effective factors of physical development of urban area of Osko valley identified in 15 layers and possibility of urban development map using logistic regression method was prepared. According to the results, the amount of area of the city of Osko, Khosroshahr and six perimeter villages has reached 10888.58 hectares (104 m2) in 2016 from 290.88 hectares in 1984. 514.62 hectares of the mentioned area have been made on the Garden and agricultural lands that require the management of future development based on the sustainable development principles. The simultaneous use of human and natural variables along with the application of variables such as urban development maps is one of the advantages of this research to determine the direction of development. After predicting the future pattern of urban development in the Osko Valley, using the strategy of protecting gardens and green spaces in the urban development process by blocking the urban development probability map, giving space for the development, extraction of the eastern natural green belt and green arcs and Applying the prohibition of development around the proposed green belt, maintaining the ecological reserves of the Osko Valley has been operationalized by reducing the degradation of gardens and controlling the growth and dispersal of cities and villages.

Moving on the path to comprehensive development requires its own requirements, prerequisites and grounds. Social capital, of course, accelerates the achievement of development indicators as a facilitator of cooperation and participation. Recent decades of research show social capital is an important variable for explaining the economic and social spatial differences. The authors of this research began their work with the main hypothesis of the relationship between social capital and the cities development. In order to test the hypothesis, based on researches done in relation to the cities development level in Hamedan province, two superior cities and two more deprived cities, which are Hamedan and Tuyserkan, at high levels of development, Kaboordan and Faminin at low levels , Have been selected. The lack of research on women and city and neglect of this stratum as half of the active population of society encouraged researchers to focus on this stratum. In fact, this research has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the women social capital and its relation with the cities level of development in Hamedan province. The research is based on a quantitative strategy and it applies a documentary-survey method. The tool for collecting information on social capital assessment of women is a questionnaire that assesses social capital in four dimensions of the network of relations and social relationships, trust, social interaction and aid activities. The sample size is 384 by using the Cochran formula. The results of the research indicate a significant and positive correlation between women social capital and urban development. Meanwhile, the significant and positive correlations between the dimensions of the network of social relations and social affairs and the supporting activities with the ranking of urban development were also confirmed. There is also a significant relationship between women social capital and their social, economic and mental status.

After implementing various development strategies in different countries, a problem raised that prevent continuity of process. The problem which is known as imbalanced development refers to differential in development level among regions and has been targeting to be reduced by policy makers. The Iranian economy has always faced this problem over the past decades, and this phenomenon has created major obstacles to development policies in Iran. But through a scientific explanation, successful policies would be expected. Since such explanation provides the way of managing the problem by clarifying the main elements. Besides, it should be noted that scientific explanation is based on a theory. Accordingly, this paper attempts to explain this phenomenon in the theoretical framework of institutionalism after presenting an image of the regional imbalance phenomenon in Iran. It concludes that institutional capacity (institutional thickness) is one of the key elements of the mentioned problem.

Attention to solid waste management, including industrial waste, due to different combinations of materials, aspects of compatibility and incompatibility in the collection, disposal and, most importantly, the recycling problem within the framework of the environmental programs of each region is important to be considered. "Industrial Waste Management" is one of the most suitable methods for creating interactions between industry and the environment and reducing the impact of industrial malfunctions. Such management can be applied in various ways, such as "pollution prevention" or "minimization of waste" at the source of production, "recycling" and "reuse. Nasirabad Industrial town, which has 464 active production units located 5 km south-east of Robat Karim, has more than 2.5 tons of solid waste per day, has no solid industrial waste recycling station. In the first stage, quantitative and qualitative information on industrial waste was collected and analyzed by random sampling from 68 industrial units. In the second step, the location selection was done based on the indices. In order to identify location indicators by utilizing landfill location guidelines and experts opinions, a total of six effective criteria were identified in the 19 sub-criteria. In order to identify location indicators by utilizing landfill location guidelines and experts opinions, a total of six effective criteria were identified in the 19 sub-criteria. . In the next step, the data of each criterion and sub-criteria were obtained from the various organizations and the database was created. In order to identify locations with priority, firstly, the patterns of each application were calculated and finally the remaining spaces were prioritized according to identified indicators. SAW technique was used to determine the score.. SAW technique was used to determine the score.. To omit the comparison among layers Fuzzy method was applied. At this stage, 20 plots of land were identified. In the third stage, the possibility of deployment of industrial waste recycling station in identified units based on 7 criteria and 27 sub-legal, social, managerial, economic, environmental, physical, construction and infrastructure indicators with the help of 30 experts of industrial town and industrial in Robat Karim county was evaluated. Finally, Part 14, with a total area of 131 hectares located in the southwest of industrial town was identified.