نشریه تغییرات اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 61، تابستان 1398)

Today due to the role and position of women in the development of countries, their position has increased, the social status of women is one of the issues through which women can be identified as a higher or lower position in society. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of socio-political components on women's social status. The method of this descriptive study is correlation based on survey technique. Data was collected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from 382 women aged 35-35 years old in Sanandaj using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings of the study show that all independent variables are related to the social status. The overall conclusion of the study is that the social status of women in Sanandaj has changed, and these results confirmed the views of Inccell and Smith on the impact of education, Inglehart and Welzell on the impact of democracy and McClelland's theory on the impact of advancement on women's social status.

This paper studies the sociological areas of convergence and divergence national and ethnic identity of Iranian Lak people. The Lak ethnic is neither Lor nor kurd, but it belongs to  independent original Iranian ethnics which dates back to thousands of years, and their language is laki which belongs to the West -North Iranian languages. The research method is surveying and Statistical society is the Lak people living in Iran from whom 397 participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The results confirm that the cultural and social aspects of ethnic identity converge with national identity the sense of deprivation and ethnical exclusion divergence from national identity. Standard regression coefficients show that the sense of deprivation has the highest reinforcing effect on ethnical identity and ancientism and sense of belonging to the ethnic has the highest reinforcing effect on national identity. In addition the education variable has a weakning role in ethnical identity and an intensifying role in national identity.

Street violence is one of the social pathologies caused by unhealthy human relationships, which is due to social structures, and every society can be understood by considering its situation in terms of these pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors associated with street violence among citizens aged 15 and over in Ardebil.

The method of research is survey and data gathering tool is questionnaire. Using the Cochran formula, 432 people were sampled out of 373320 citizens aged 15 and over in Ardebil.

The finding indicate that there is a significant relationship between independent variables of research and street violence based on Pearson correlation coefficient. Among Demographic variables, the average tendency to street violence was significantly different according to education. According to the results of the multivariate regression model in simultaneous method, the variable cost-reward analysis with coefficient (0.310) and the objective experience of street violence and social anomy, respectively, with coefficient (0.222), (0.116) are correlated with the dependent variable. In the multivariate regression model, the education variable had a significant relationship with the dependent variable. Finally, independent variables have been able to explain 30 percent of the variation of the dependent variable.

From the point of view of political sociology, parties are one of the most important and effective social forces in political processes, so that the political space of modern societies cannot be imagined without parties. On the other hand, the role of parties in the process of political development and the deepening of democracy is emphasized. In this study, the attitudes of the sixth and seventh term Majlis - as one of the most important pillars of the political system - to the role of divisiveness in political development, and the impact of this attitude on their political behavior, are examined. The findings of the study indicate a significant correlation between a positive attitude to the role of parties in political development and a tendency to party activity. In other words, a considerable part of the sixth and seventh members of parliament believe that parties and parties have a positive and effective role in the political development process, on the other hand, the positive attitude of the party on the influence of political development on the political behavior of the MPs. The positive and the representatives who believed in the positive role of the parties in the process of political development have also in practice been more inclined to party activity.

 The main question in the present study is that how is the process of decision making in political behaviour of Tabriz citizens and what are the social determinants of the issue. The study utilized micro and macro approaches in demonstrating and interpreting decision making process in political behaviours along with the role of social factors including social trust, social belonging, social security, social anomalies and social powerlessness. The present survey used a questionnaire. The sample size using Cochrane method was selected to be 384 participants using multi-step and clustering sampling methods. The findings illustrated that the variable of decision making in political behaviour among Tabriz citizens had meaningful relationship with social trust, social belonging, social security, social anomalies and social powerlessness. The results suggested that social factors such as social powerlessness and social belonging had the highest impact on decision making process. It can be said that the citizens that are benefited from social security and social trust have enhanced sense of social belonging and feel less social powerlessness and then with the sense of belonging they can play key role in their societies political affairs.

Citizenship is One of the Most Important Concepts and Ideas that has been Concerned by Sociologists in the Last Decades. Citizenship is One of Important Indicators of Progress and Development in the Developing Countries. One of the Dimension of Citizenship is the Culture of Citizenship. Estabilishment and Extention of Citizenship can be seen as a Serious Way of Solving the Social Problems in the Developing Countries.In this Study We Examine the Culture of Citizenship among the Citizens of Eghlid City. We Used Survey as a Method and also Questionaaire as an Instrument for Collecting Data .Statistical Population in this Research is Ccitizens Over 15 Years Old and the Numbers of Sample is about 400 Citizens in the Eghlid City. We Selected Sample by Using a Manner that Called Multi-Stage cluster Sampling. Finding Shows that the Culture of Citizenship among Citizens is about Over Mean. The Examining of hypothesis show that variables such as Gender, Partial Status , the Degree of Religious Commitment, social identity, the Extent of Using Media and Political Awareness have a Significant Relationship with the Culture of Citizenship. In the Regression Coefficient four Variables were Entered that in the Sum, This four Variables were Could Predicted 22.5 Percent of the Variations of dependent variable.

Considering the fact that organizational citizenship behavior can be regarded as one of the most fundamental social and managerial issues, and as it has been studied in different circles as well as the significance of underlying factors of its formation, this research tries to study those underlying factors in the of the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) of the University of Tehran. This research is quantitative and conducted in a survey method. The required data was collected using a researcher-oriented questionnaire and library method. The study population consisted of all employees and experts and senior experts, middle managers and executives who worked at ACECR. All ACECR’s staff are 260 employees including middle and high-ranking managers and senior experts were selected as the statistical community. As the final results reveal, based on the factors leading to the organizational citizenship behavior, it can be said that in the first priority, there was a lack of organizational justice. The second priority is the lack of suitable welfare and mental calmness, want of overtime allowance, low-interest loans as well as poor conditions of the workplace. The third priority focuses on lack of suitable management indicators.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of social factors on the body management  among  men 18 to 45   in Tehran. in conditions in which an original source of getting up of relation and semantic specification of every thing comes down to appearances. body as a tool of expressing identity becomes more crucial. Theories of Goffman, Giddens, Elias, Bourdieu and Bandura formed the theoretical framework of this research. Statistical population was the members of body building gyms in Tehran and the size of random sample was 384 (Cochran’ formula was used).  Survey method was used for explaining the impact of social factors on the body management. Necessary informations were collected through questionnare and its reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha statistic. Statistical tests which are applied in this research is correlation. Correlation test between two variables of cultural capital and body management expressed that this relation is viceversa. Although, different ideas which have been considered in researeh and there is a direct relation between body management & cultural capital in other findings but it should be noticed conversely people who have less knowledge & socio-economic status  use  improper ways  for changing of their appearance. Correlation between body management and learning behavior of others showed that the direct relationship between two variables. showing the socioeconomic status and displaying the appearance of others) in relation to  body management, showed a direct and meaningful relationship between these variables and the dependent variable of body management.