فصلنامه پرستاری سالمندان
سال چهارم شماره 4 (تابستان 1397)

Increasing the longevity of people and adding elderly population is one of the goals of the current century. Healthy aging is the natural right of all people and should improve the quality of life, physical, mental and social well-being and provide appropriate policies for improving self-efficacy of the elderly. Let's pay attention.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life in the elderly living in Kahrizak in 2018.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on all the elderly living in Kahrizak. Three hundred elderly people were selected by random sampling according to the research criteria. To collect data, a standard self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE-10) and Short Quality of Life Quality Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) were used. Data were collected by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics including frequency, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics including test independent t test, anova test, Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and linear regression analysis.

The mean score of self-efficacy was 28 and the quality of life score in the general health dimension was 27.66% poor, 50% moderate and 22.33% good case, and for one unit increase in self-efficacy score, the mean score of quality of life in health The body was as much as 0.58, in the mental health dimension of 0.59, in the social dimension of 0.47, in the environmental health environment 0.71 and in the general health was 0.78.

According to the results of this study, self-efficacy has a significant relationship with quality of life, and the quality of life score increases with increasing self-efficacy score.

Intestinal parasitic infections are important threats of immunocompromised patients, especially elderly persons under chemotherapy or those on hemodialysis. Given the presence of patients and ecologic conditions for regeneration and growth of intestinal parasites, the present research aimed at identifying intestinal parasites in these groups of patients, compared with the control group

In this descriptive cross sectional study, 290 stool samples were collected (80 samples from hemodialysis patients, 80 samples from chemotherapy patients and 130 samples from the control group) from March to September 2017. Samples were tested by direct, formalin-ether methods for protozoa and ova of intestinal parasites and Ziehl-Neelsen staining methods for Cryptosporidsium.

The overall parasitic infection rate was 6.5% (19/29). The infection rate in hemodialysis was 10%, chemotherapy 8.7%  and 3% in control groups. The infectivity rates between groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The most prevalent parasites were Blastocystis hominis (3.7%), E.coli (1%), Enolimax nana (0.64%), Idomba butchili (0.64%) and Giardia lambelia (0.34%). Statistical analyses revealed a significant correlation between parasitic infections and gastrointestinal symptoms and accommodation (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant association was observed according to age and education levels.

Although most of observed protozoan in present study were not pathogenic, but intestinal pathogenic protozoan are transmitted through the oral – fecal route like non-pathogenic parasites thus, infection with other parasite types is also possible in the future. Therefore periodic stool examinations in special parasitological laboratories should be included as part of routine medical care.

It was shown that elder people’s self-perceptive health isn`t only under emphasis of physical function and other factors like social and cognitive functions effect on it.

This research investigates psychometric and psychological characteristics of elder people’s response to questions about their health during an eighth-year study.

The research design was a 2 × 4 factorial design which was conducted during the years 1387 to 1395. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a sample of 393 elderly people of Isfahan city was selected by non-randomly purposeful sampling method and their self-rating health, physical, social and cognitive functions, depression, and the number of chronic diseases were measured four time. mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that the elder people’s response to question about their health should not be investigated across a given time because in this condition its validity would be weak. Investigations of validity in four profiles that are created by two kind of response during two time duration (good-good, good-bad, bad-good, bad-bad); was higher and is an strong index of response validity. Also poor, mediate and strong physical activities and social and cognitive functions impact on elder people’s self-perceptive health.

According to findings, it is recommended that elder people should do any kind of poor, mediate and strong physical activities that they can for better self-health and improve their social and cognitive functions to have a better understanding of their health.

Today in the world, old age is a dynamic concept, and with the increase in the elderly population, their psychological well-being must also be considered. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of meaning of life, Self-Compassion and capital-psychology in predicting psychological well-being of seniors in the elderly.

This research is descriptive type of correlation. The statistical population consisted of all elderly women and men aged sixty years old and older than the elderly population Well-being supervised of Kermanshah in 2018 that 150 people (75 women and 75 men) were selected using available sampling method. The research tools consisted of a questionnaire on the meaning of the life of (Steger et al, 2006), Self-Compassion (Neff, 2003), Psychological Capital (Luthans, 2007) and psychological well-being (Keyes & Magyar-Moe, 2003). Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that there is a positive relationship between meaning of life (r = 0.28), Self-Compassion (r = 0.43) and psychological capital (r = 0.35) with psychological well-being (p <0.001). The results of regression analysis also showed that self-Compassion, psychological capital and existence of meaning can predict 29 percent of the variance of psychological well-being in the elderly.

Therefore, by increasing the meaning of life, self-Compassion and psychological capital, psychological well-being can be increased.

Elderly people often face cognitive problems due to the aging process. Decreased ability in cognitive functions leads to impaired performance in daily activities of judgment, attention, and awareness. Therefore, this study investigates different cognitive therapies on cognition in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease.

Prisma method was used in this study. The present study included research published from 2015 to 2018 with keywords Cognitive Exercises, Cognition, Elderly, Alzheimer's at Pubmed Science and Science Directory.

In search of 1145 articles in Pubmed database, 615 articles in Science Directory database were obtained. 1122 articles were excluded after the abstract study and finally 12 articles that matched the research objectives were selected and reported.

Applying a variety of cognitive exercises can prevent more serious cognitive impairments in high risk individuals, especially the elderly, and increase their executive function. Therefore, practitioners are more familiar with and practicing these exercises.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypnotherapy on reducing anxiety and aggression and relaxation in the elderly. In this experimental study, 18 elderly people in the Tehran city of Tehran were selected through purposeful sampling and in two experimental and control groups All members of the experimental and control group were asked to respond to the questionnaire before and after intervention. During the intervention period, the experimental group was subjected to cognitive hypnotherapy for 6 sessions and the control group did not undergo any specific treatment. Finally, the data were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS software. Analysis The statistical significance of the two groups in the post-test stage in terms of anxiety, aggression and relaxation variables was significant at the level of P <0.05. In other words, hypnotherapy significantly decreased aggression and anxiety in the elderly and increased the feeling of relaxation.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most important pulmonary diseases. The most important way to minimize the progress of the disease is to rehabilitate the lung. Rehabilitation of the lung improves respiratory pattern. To this end, the effects of two types of Pilates and Diaphragm exercises on some of the pulmonary factors in these patients were investigated.

In this quasi-experimental study, 24 male patients with mean age (56 ± 4/51) with moderate COPD were selected and randomly assigned into three groups of 8 (diaphragm exercise, Pilates exercise and group Control). Pilates and diaphragm exercises were performed for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week in two exercises groups separately. The control group did not do any exercise. The Spirometry system measured the FEV1/FVC and respiratory rate per minute. The Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale was completed to assess the dyspnea of ​​the subjects. To analyze the data, Paired t-test was used.

The findings showed that both types of exercise had an effect on pulmonary factors. FEV1 / FVC were significantly different between exercise and control groups (P≤ 0.05). There was a significant difference in the amount of dyspnea and respiratory rate in minutes between training and control groups (P≤ 0.05). No changes were observed in the control group (P> 0.05).

Pilates and diaphragm exercises seem to play an important role in improving the pulmonary pattern of patients with pulmonary disease. The results showed that both types of exercises improved pulmonary factor, increased FEV1/FVC, and decreased dyspnea and respiratory rate per minute. Therefore, the use of the above exercises in the pulmonary rehabilitation program is recommended

The elderly are a potentially vulnerable group in terms of malnutrition. Undesirable nutritional status provides grounds for illness and increased health costs. On the other hand, identification of effective factors can help health care providers to implement nutrition intervention programs to prevent malnutrition. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the status of malnutrition and its related factors in elderly people living in nursing homes.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 200 elderly people aged 60 years and over residing in the elderly homes of Hamadan province were selected by census method and entered into the study. In order to determine the nutritional status, a quantitative nutritional assessment questionnaire (MNA) was used to collect nutritional information and a demographic questionnaire was used to investigate the predisposing factors of malnutrition. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis through SPSS software.

Of the 200 elderly, 55 (27.5%) were at risk of malnutrition and 145 (72.5%) had normal nutrition. There was a significant relationship between nutritional status and various factors such as gender, marital status, type of disorder, dental status, location, education level, occupational status, meeting with relatives and economic status (p <0.001).

According to the results of this study, a high percentage of elderly people at risk for malnutrition, which could endanger their health, is therefore necessary to identify people at risk, to improve nutrition and to prevent the risks associated with it. , Appropriate measures should be taken in nursing homes.